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皮氏菊头蝠夏季的捕食行为对策 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10
利用蝙蝠超声波探测器和CoolEditor 2 0 0 0声波分析软件研究了皮氏菊头蝠 (Rhinolophuspearsoni)的超声波信号 ,同时在野外研究了其捕食行为。研究结果显示皮氏菊头蝠是FM/CF/FM型的食虫蝙蝠。其回声定位信号的CF声波两端均附有短暂的FM信号 ,每次声波脉冲包含 2段信号 ,第 1段信号的CF频率为 (6 1 0 8±0 0 19)kHz ,持续时间为 (4 6 85± 3 72 )ms ;第 2段信号的CF频率为 (6 0 97± 0 0 3)kHz ,持续时间为 (35 12± 2 6 7)ms。在对皮氏菊头蝠的捕食行为研究中 ,通过运用生物多样性指数分析和Spearman相关性分析 ,结果表明皮氏菊头蝠在常绿阔叶落叶混交林中主要以式捕食鳞翅目 (Lepidoptera)、鞘翅目 (Coleoptera)等中型个体的昆虫 ,对食物种类及其体型具有选择性。此外 ,其形态与回声定位功能之间还表现出相关性。 相似文献
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Samantha Stoffberg David S. Jacobs Iain J. Mackie Conrad A. Matthee 《Molecular phylogenetics and evolution》2010,54(1):1-9
The phylogenetic relationships within the horseshoe bats (genus Rhinolophus) are poorly resolved, particularly at deeper levels within the tree. We present a better-resolved phylogenetic hypothesis for 30 rhinolophid species based on parsimony and Bayesian analyses of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and three nuclear introns (TG, THY and PRKC1). Strong support was found for the existence of two geographic clades within the monophyletic Rhinolophidae: an African group and an Oriental assemblage. The relaxed Bayesian clock method indicated that the two rhinolophid clades diverged approximately 35 million years ago and results from Dispersal Vicariance (DIVA) analysis suggest that the horseshoe bats arose in Asia and subsequently dispersed into Europe and Africa. 相似文献
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Peter Schlegel 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1977,118(3):353-356
Summary A method to construct and calibrate earphones (physiologically) suitable for small bats and probably other small mammals is described. Particular emphasis was placed on getting a flat frequency response curve between 75kHz and 110kHz, the most important range forRhinolophus ferrumequinum. Below 60kHz the slope declined by about 30dB down to the audible frequency range. The maximal output without harmonic distortion (30dB down) was 80–90dB SPL, but up to 115dB SPL could be attained when accepting harmonics.Supported by the grants: Stiftung Volkswagenwerk, 111858; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Schl 117/4; Schn 138/6 相似文献
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在自建网室(9 m×4 m×4 m)内驯养马铁菊头蝠(Rhinolophus ferrumequinum),利用超声波探测仪录制蝙蝠不同状态下回声定位声波,声波录制与红外摄像保持同步。结果表明,马铁菊头蝠回声定位声波为调频(FM)/恒频(CF)/调频(FM)型;在蝙蝠接近猎物过程中,声脉冲持续时间和间隔时间显著变短,下调FM(即tFM)组分变得愈为显著,捕捉猎物瞬间,产生捕食蜂鸣;飞行与悬挂状态相比,声脉冲重复率、主频率、声脉冲时间、声脉冲间隔和能率环的差异均达到显著水平。 相似文献
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Edita Miková Katarína Varcholová Sándor Boldogh Marcel Uhrin 《Central European Journal of Biology》2013,8(9):848-853
We investigated the winter food of Mediterranean horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus euryale) in four winter cave roosts in southern Slovakia and northern Hungary and investigated the relationship between food and ambient temperature. The bats were active during the whole winter period and they produced excrement throughout the entire hibernation period, even when outside temperatures dropped below zero. The guano was in two forms, containing (1) prey items and (2) non-prey items. The identifiable items belonged to lepidopteran species, but only one was identified, on the basis of the genital fragments, the moth Colotois pennaria, which was the main prey species in autumn and early winter. Our results shed light on the extraordinarily high level of activity in this bat species during winter hibernation, which in temperate regions is a strategy that enables bats to survive when prey is reduced or absent. In R. euryale, the torpor in the course of hibernation is not continuous and our results help to explain how energy losses caused by bat movements are covered. 相似文献
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研究了同域分布的中华菊头蝠(Rhinolophus sinicus)与中菊头蝠(Rhinolophus affinis)的食性、形态、回声定位声波及捕食时间.中华菊头蝠与中菊头蝠均属于中等体型的菊头蝠,前臂长分别为(51.25±0.22) mm和(52.40±0.37) mm;悬挂状态下的回声定位声波均为典型的调频-恒频-调频(FM-CM-FM)型叫声,峰频分别为(82.07±0.17) kHz和(84.41±0.48) kHz.粪便分析显示中华菊头蝠与中菊头蝠分别捕食9目和7目昆虫,均以鳞翅目(Lepidiptera)和鞘翅目(Coleoptera)昆虫为主要食物(体积百分比总和> 90%),捕食鳞翅目昆虫的体积百分比差异显著,对猎物大小(以鞘翅目昆虫体长衡量)的选择无显著差异.中华菊头蝠与中菊头蝠的营养生态位宽度分别为2.38和2.28,重叠度达0.91,营养生态位未发生明显分化,但充足的食物资源促进了二者的共存.另外,2种菊头蝠的感官生态位和时间生态位未发生明显分化.由2种菊头蝠的翼载和峰频的差异推测二者发生了空间生态位和捕食微生境的分化,这也可能促进了二者的共存. 相似文献
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Geographic variation can be an indicator of still poorly understood evolutionary processes such as adaptation and drift. Sensory systems used in communication play a key role in mate choice and species recognition. Habitat-mediated (i.e. adaptive) differences in communication signals may therefore lead to diversification. We investigated geographic variation in echolocation calls of African horseshoe bats, Rhinolophus simulator and R. swinnyi in the context of two adaptive hypotheses: 1) James’ Rule and 2) the Sensory Drive Hypothesis. According to James’ Rule body-size should vary in response to relative humidity and temperature so that divergence in call frequency may therefore be the result of climate-mediated variation in body size because of the correlation between body size and call frequency. The Sensory Drive Hypothesis proposes that call frequency is a response to climate-induced differences in atmospheric attenuation and predicts that increases in atmospheric attenuation selects for calls of lower frequency. We measured the morphology and resting call frequency (RF) of 111 R. simulator and 126 R. swinnyi individuals across their distributional range to test the above hypotheses. Contrary to the prediction of James’ Rule, divergence in body size could not explain the variation in RF. Instead, acoustic divergence in RF was best predicted by latitude, geography and climate-induced differences in atmospheric attenuation, as predicted by the Sensory Drive Hypothesis. Although variation in RF was strongly influenced by temperature and humidity, other climatic variables (associated with latitude and altitude) as well as drift (as suggested by a positive correlation between call variation and geographic distance, especially in R. simulator) may also play an important role. 相似文献
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咀嚼是哺乳动物食物吸收的重要组成部分,对动物的生存和繁殖极其重要。动物咀嚼时会发出低频低强度的咀嚼声,研究表明人类的咀嚼声可以增强自身或他人的食欲和愉悦度。蝙蝠作为哺乳动物中的第二大类群,其咀嚼声的特征和功能仍不清楚。本研究以吉林省集安市治安村的马铁菊头蝠Rhinolophus ferrumequinum为研究对象,通过回放蝙蝠咀嚼声和空白对照实验,同步录制蝙蝠的进食行为和回声定位声波,试图阐明蝙蝠咀嚼声对其进食行为和回声定位声波的影响。结果表明:进食次数在2种回放条件下的差异无统计学意义,但捕食尝试在2种回放条件下的差异有统计学意义。因此,咀嚼声能够显著地提高蝙蝠的进食欲望。此外,在蝙蝠咀嚼声的刺激下,其回声定位声波的频率增加,持续时间延长,脉冲速率减慢。这可能是因为蝙蝠在咀嚼声的影响下改变发声动机,从而改变了其回声定位声波的频谱时间结构。本研究第一次报道了蝙蝠咀嚼声对其进食行为的影响,为进一步阐明蝙蝠咀嚼声的功能和进化具有重要意义。 相似文献
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菊头蝠耳长与叫声频率的相关性 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
小蝙蝠亚目 (Microchiroptera)的蝙蝠利用高频声学信号定向并感知周围环境 ,很多种类还利用回声定位探测和捕捉猎物。生境的不同使蝙蝠进化出多种捕食策略 ,并形成相应多样的回声定位叫声类型 (Fenton ,1982 ;Neuweiler,1989;张树义等1999a) ,其基本类型有两种 :调频 (Frequencymodulated ,FM )叫声和恒频 (Constantfrequency ,CF)叫声 (Metzner ,1991;张树义等 ,1999b)。旧大陆热带的菊头蝠科 (Rhinolophidae)和蹄蝠科(Hipposider… 相似文献