用高效液相色谱法检测天然水体中的微囊藻毒素

由于大量氮、磷等物质释放到水体中,导致水体富营养化加剧,水华的发生已成为全球性环境问题。在长江、黄河、松花江等主要河流和太湖、滇池、巢湖等每年都有水华发生。因此建立快速、灵敏、可靠、简便可行的蓝藻毒素检测方法以对毒素进行早期检测和预报是保护水生生态系统和人类健康的关键措施之一。     

微囊藻毒素LR对大鼠肝细胞Caspase-3酶活性的影响

水体富营养化的加剧,导致藻类水华频频发生。在全球由于藻类水华所产生的毒素,对人和动物都产生了极为严重的影响,使之成为日益突出的环境问题。其中危害最严重的 是微囊藻毒素(Micnocystin,MCYST)。而微囊藻毒素LR(LR)是微囊藻毒素中存在最为普遍且毒性作用最明显的一种,是MCYST的主要代表物。       

微囊藻毒素LR影响人肝细胞HL7702的ERK及JNK的蛋白磷酸化

微囊藻毒素(Microcystin,MCYST)是蓝藻的一些属产生的次级代谢产物,在发生水华的水体中普遍存在。微囊藻毒素LR(MCLR)是微囊藻毒素中存在最为普遍且毒性作用最强的一种。已有研究表明,微囊藻毒素可以诱发肝毒性并且与人群中的肝癌发生密切相关1,2,因此进一步阐明其致毒机理具有重要的意义。       

用蛋白磷酸酶抑制法比色法检测水中微囊藻毒素类物质

水体富营养化加剧水华的发生已成为全球性环境问题,水华的普遍发生使微囊藻毒素成为了一种存在广、影响大的天然有毒物,对水体尤其是富营养化水体中微囊藻毒素水平的监测是水环境监测的重要任务。       

微囊藻毒素的产生、检测和毒理学研究

随着内陆水体富营养化的加剧而引起有害藻类水华(HAB,harmful algal bloom)的频繁发生已成为国内外普遍关注的环境问题,其中微囊藻(Microcystis)水华是淡水水体中危害最严重的一类,由于这类水华发生普遍,持续时间长,而且多数产毒,危害性更大,因而倍受人们的关注,微囊藻毒素(Microcystins)是一类具生物活性的单环七肽,这类毒素主要由淡水藻类铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)产生,此外其他种类的微囊藻.       

微囊藻毒素生物合成及其检测的分子生物学研究进展

随着世界各地水体富营养化的日益加剧,蓝藻水华的爆发频率越来越高,爆发范围也越来越广,已经成为国内外学者高度关注的重大环境问题。微囊藻水华是淡水水体中危害最严重的一类,特别是在我国巢湖、太湖和滇池等大型湖泊,经常爆发微囊藻水华,给水体生态系统和人类健康带来了巨大的危害。本文简介了微囊藻毒素的化学结构与危害,综述了微囊藻毒素mcy基因簇、Adda生物活性结构以及肽链合成与环化等关键生物合成过程,并重点归纳了聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)、实时定量PCR(real time quantitative PCR detecting system,QPCR)、基因芯片(gene microarray)和变性梯度凝胶电泳(denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,DGGE)等用于藻毒素检测的分子生物学技术方法,最后对相关研究进行了展望。     

微囊藻毒素LR对大鼠淋巴细胞DNA的损伤效应

微囊藻毒素是一类具生物活性的单环七肽,是蓝藻的一些属产生的次生代谢产物,在发生水华的水体中这类毒素普遍存在。由于水华的普遍发生,微囊藻毒素的存在已是一个令人瞩目的问题。流行病学调查发现人群原发性肝癌、大肠癌发病率与饮水源中的微囊藻毒素有关。微囊藻毒素LR(MCLR)是微囊藻毒素中最常见的一种,由于它们的高急性毒性、强促癌活性以及与人类癌症发生的相关性使其受到全球的关注。DNA是生物体内的遗传物质,它的稳定对于生命体的正常繁殖与生长是至关重要的。       

应用高通量实时荧光定量PCR方法筛选FL细胞对低剂量微囊藻毒素LR暴露的应答基因

微囊藻毒素是蓝藻的一些属产生的单环七肽,在发生水华的水体中普遍存在[1]。含有微囊藻毒素的水华能引起野生动物、鱼类、家畜、家禽等中毒和死亡,也对人类健康构成严重威胁[2,3]。流行病学调查发现,人群原发性肝癌、大肠癌发病率与饮水源中的微囊藻毒素有关[4]。其中微囊藻毒素LR是微囊藻毒素中最常见的一种,因其高急性毒性,强促癌活性而受到广泛的关注。有研究结果表明微囊藻毒素LR可引起多种细胞发生凋亡[5],本实验室先前的研究也发现微囊藻毒素LR能激活在凋亡过程中起重要作用的酶Caspase-3[6],及引起P53、Bax、Bcl-2等凋亡相关蛋白…     

微囊藻胞内毒素的提取方法

随着全球淡水水体富营养化程度的不断加剧,蓝藻水华及其毒素污染问题已经逐渐威胁到人类饮用水的安全。微囊藻(Microcystis)为常见的水华蓝藻种类,其所产生的微囊藻毒素(Microcystins,MCs)不仅会严重危害水生态系统,并且可能会给人类健康带来威胁1,2。我国云南滇池、江苏太湖和安徽巢湖等淡水湖泊均发生不同程度的蓝藻水华,并检测到了高含量MCs的存在3,4。       

NaNO3胁迫对两种微囊藻VOCs释放的影响

为了揭示硝酸盐过量积累对藻类产生胁迫后对藻类挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)释放以及水体气味的影响, 研究以形成蓝藻水华的主要种类铜绿微囊藻和水华微囊藻为材料, 在NaNO3胁迫下, 对其细胞生长和释放的VOCs进行测定分析。结果表明, NaNO3胁迫24h后, 铜绿微囊藻和水华微囊藻细胞生长均受到明显影响, 与对照相比细胞密度分别降低了29.6%和43.0%。在正常条件下, 铜绿微囊藻和水华微囊藻分别释放出26和27种化合物, 其主要类型是硫化物、烃类、萜烯类、苯类、醛类和酯类化合物。在NaNO3胁迫下, VOCs含量均明显增加, 其中铜绿微囊藻释放的此6类VOCs含量分别增加了60.5%、14.3%、136.6%、92.1%、730.0%和120.7%, 水华微囊分别增加了172.7%、162.5%、154.0%、55.9%、51.2%和109.4%。此外, 铜绿微囊藻VOCs中出现4种新成分, 水华微囊藻VOCs中出现1种新成分。由此可见, 硝酸盐过量积累对藻细胞产生胁迫后会诱导其释放出大量VOCs, 从而增加水体气味、破坏水质。       

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.