异源多角体蛋白对家蚕核型多角体病毒粒子的包装

利用PCR方法从AcMNPV基因组DNA中分离出多角体蛋白基因 ,将该扩增片段克隆到转移载体pBacPAK8中 ,得到重组转移载体pOAc。将该质粒DNA与线性化的Bm BacPAK6病毒基因组DNA共传染BmN细胞 ,得到了能形成多角体且不产生蓝色空斑的重组病毒hp BmNPV。纯化该重组病毒的多角体颗粒 ,并对多角体蛋白、病毒核酸及多角体病毒颗粒进行分析 ,发现AcMNPV的多角体蛋白能在家蚕细胞中大量表达且能在细胞内识别家蚕核型多角体病毒并组装成多角体颗粒 ;病毒基因组DNA因部分交换 ,其酶切行为发生了相应的变化 ;电镜观察发现经AcMNPV多角体蛋白包装的家蚕核型多角体病毒的多角体颗粒大小为1 2 μm～ 2 9μm ,明显小于野生型家蚕核型多角体病毒的多角体颗粒     

苜蓿丫纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒fp25k基因的改造及用于稳定转化Sf9昆虫细胞系

【目的】苜蓿丫纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒(Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus, AcMNPV)在昆虫细胞中连续传代以后,会出现从多多角体表型到少多角体表型的转变,这种转变与一个编码25 kDa蛋白的基因（few polyhedra, fp25k）突变失活有关。杆状病毒的fp25k基因突变后产生的包涵体（多角体）衍生病毒粒子变少而出芽型病毒粒子增加,会降低外源基因在杆状病毒表达系统中的表达。本研究拟改造fp25k并构建能持续表达FP25K蛋白的转基因昆虫细胞,以克服杆状病毒, fp25k基因易突变导致的表达系统缺陷。【方法】本实验通过改造杆状病毒, fp25k基因在细胞传代过程中容易产生突变的位点,得到 mfp25k,并将mfp25k构建到pIZT/V5-His载体上,重组载体转染Sf9细胞,通过Zeocin抗性筛选逐步淘汰未成功转化的Sf9细胞。【结果】成功改造AcMNPV的, fp25k基因的TTAA位点,得到pIZT-mfp25k重组载体。重组载体成功转染Sf9细胞,通过Zeocin抗性筛选后获得基因组中带有mfp25k的Sf9-mfp25k稳定的转基因细胞系。用AcMNPV的fp25k突变型病毒AcP2感染转基因Sf9-mfp25k昆虫细胞系与正常Sf9细胞,发现转基因Sf9-mfp25k昆虫细胞系表达的FP25K蛋白可弥补病毒, fp25k基因突变的缺陷。【结论】建立的Sf9-mfp25k转基因昆虫细胞系通过细胞表达FP25K蛋白,可以弥补因杆状病毒fp25k基因突变产生的缺陷。研究结果为构建稳定的杆状病毒 昆虫细胞表达系统提供了新途径。     

两株棉铃虫胚胎新细胞系的建立及其对杆状病毒侵染的反应

昆虫细胞系的建立在病毒学和昆虫学等领域的研究和应用中发挥着重要的作用。本研究由棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera胚胎组织建立了两株细胞系, 分别命名为QB-Ha-E-1和QB-Ha-E-5, 在含10％胎牛血清的TNM-FH培养基中已传代60余代。两株细胞系均以圆形和短梭形细胞为主。DAF鉴定结果表明, 两株细胞系均来源于棉铃虫胚胎, 其扩增谱带与其他几种昆虫细胞系明显不同; QB-Ha-E-1和QB-Ha-E-5的第30代细胞群体倍增时间分别为63.7 h和66.9 h。两株细胞系均能被棉铃虫核型多角体病毒（HaSNPV）感染, 4 d的感染率分别为86.6％和56.5％, 对甘蓝夜蛾Mamestra brassicae核型多角体病毒（MbNPV）7 d的感染率均为15％左右, 但对苜蓿银纹夜蛾Autographa californica核型多角体病毒（AcMNPV）侵染的反应不同。DAPI染色和基因组DNA电泳结果表明, AcMNPV可诱导QB-Ha-E-5细胞发生凋亡, 极少数细胞内可形成多角体, 但不能诱导QB-Ha-E-1细胞发生凋亡, 其感染率为55.3％; 两株细胞系均可被1.25 μg/mL的放线菌素D诱导发生凋亡。两株细胞系具有相同的遗传背景, 但对AcMNPV侵染的反应不同, 可作为昆虫病毒和细胞之间相互关系以及细胞凋亡机制研究的理想材料。     

用构建的新型BmNPV载体在家蚕高效表达人β-干扰素

家蚕核多角体病毒(Bombyx mori Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus.BmNPV)和家蚕细胞已成功地用来大量生产具有生物活性的重组蛋白。但是BmNPV的通用载体的类型较少。因此,本实验构建了BmNPV新型载体pBm92,该载体将多角体蛋白基因的起始密码ATG改变为ATT,然后在多角体蛋白基因的 12位外连接有5个外源基因的克隆位点。将HuIFN-β基因克隆在多角体蛋白基因的 12位后,构建了pBmIFN 12;同时构建HuIFN-β克隆在-3位后的转移栽体pBmIFN-3。将两种转移载体DNA分别与BmNPV基因组DNA共转染Bm-N细胞。利用重组病毒不产生多角体蛋白的特征,筛选重组病毒。用HuIFN-β基因探针与重组病毒DNA进行杂交鉴定。重组病毒BmIFN 12感染Bm-N细胞,其上清IFN活性最高时可达2.0×10~6IU/ml,将BmIFN 12注射5龄家蚕虫体,表达水平为50×10~7IU/ml,是HuIFN-β基因克隆在多角体蛋白基因的-3位后获得的重组病毒的表达量的2～4倍。家蚕体生产的rHulFN-β为糖基化蛋白具有天然HuIFN-β的抗原性。     

伪狂犬病病毒鄂A株包膜糖蛋白gD基因的克隆与表达

克隆了伪狂犬病病毒鄂A株编码包膜糖蛋白gD的基因并进行了序列测定 ,与国外报道的Rice株相比 ,其核苷酸序列具有 98%的同源性 ,推导氨基酸序列同源性为 97%。将此基因克隆于具有全期启动子盒的杆状病毒转移载体pSX35A中 ,构建成重组转移质粒pSX35A gD ,与致死缺失型线性化苜蓿丫纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒 (AcMNPV OCC- )基因组DNA一起共转染粉纹夜蛾Hi5细胞 ,经同源重组 ,获得含gD基因的重组病毒AcMNPV OCC+ gD。重组病毒经空斑纯化后感染Hi5细胞进行表达分析 ,细胞裂解物的SDS PAGE及Western Blot ting均显示分子量约 47kD的gD蛋白得到了特异性表达 ,其表达量占细胞总蛋白的 6 2 % ,表达的gD蛋白具有免疫原性。     

粉纹夜蛾细胞系QB—Tn9-4s的克隆以及克隆株生物学特性的研究

对粉纹夜蛾Trichoplusia ni细胞系QB-Tn9-4s进行细胞克隆,获得了8个细胞克降株,分别命名为QB-Tn-A、B、C、D、E、F、G和H.对基因组DNA进行RAPD-PCR鉴定,各细胞克隆株与原始细胞系具有相同的DNA扩增谱带.各细胞克隆株在形态和生物学特性方面表现出一定的差异.克隆株QB-Tn-A、B、c、D和E以梭形细胞为主,大约占细胞总数的60%～80%;F、G和H以棒状细胞为主,比例分别为44.5%、49.5%和80.O%.8个克隆株对苜蓿银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒(AcMNPV)均较敏感,感染率均在92%以上,平均每个细胞病毒多角体(OBs)产量在78～110个之间,其中克隆株QB-Tn-A多角体产量最高达110个,略高于BTI-Tn5Bl-4和QB-Tn9-4s,明显高于Sf-9细胞;克隆株QB-Tn-E、H、A和C的fIJ芽性病毒(BV)产量与原始细胞系(3.37×107TCID50/mL)接近,而其它4株均低于原始细胞系.     

柑橘凤蝶细胞克隆株RIRI-PX1-C24的生物学及重组蛋白表达特性

【目的】研究柑橘凤蝶Papilio xuthus细胞系RIRI-PX1的单细胞克隆株RIRI-PX1-C24的生物学和重组蛋白表达特性。【方法】用野生型苜蓿银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒(wild-type Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrosis virus, wt-AcMNPV)侵染RIRI-PX1-C24与RIRI-PX1,检测细胞对野生型病毒的敏感性;使用重组绿色荧光蛋白杆状病毒(AcMNPV-GFP)、重组β-半乳糖苷酶杆状病毒(AcMNPV-Gal)以及重组分泌型碱性磷酸酶杆状病毒(AcMNPV-SEAP)分别侵染细胞系RIRI-PX1-C24和RIRI-PX1,在之后的24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144和168 h检测3种重组蛋白的表达量;通过简单重复序列区间(inter simple sequence repeat, ISSR)标记比较RIRI-PX1-C24与RIRI PX1的遗传相似性。【结果】亲本细胞系 RIRI-PX1和克隆株RIRI-PX1-C24均能被wt-AcMNPV侵染,其中RIRI-PX-C24对wt-AcMNPV的敏感性较RIRI-PX1有显著提高。3种重组蛋白均能在2个细胞系中表达,其中重组绿色荧光蛋白在RIRI-PX1-C24中的表达水平远高于在亲本细胞系RIRI-PX1中的表达水平,但重组β-半乳糖苷酶蛋白和重组分泌型碱性磷酸酶蛋白在RIRI-PX1-C24中的表达水平较在RIRI-PX1中的无显著提高。用10条ISSR引物进行的RIRI-PX1-C24和RIRI-PX1 2个细胞系的指纹图谱分析中,4条引物扩增条带在这2个细胞系间存在差异;2个细胞系的遗传相似性范围在0~83.33%之间,说明克隆株及其亲本细胞系在基因型上存在差异。【结论】通过对柑橘凤蝶细胞系RIRI-PX1进行单细胞克隆,确实获得了使重组绿色荧光蛋白表达水平有显著提高的克隆株RIRI-PX1-C24,其利用价值仍需进一步的研究。     

家蚕胚胎细胞系Bm-Em-1的建立和特性研究

昆虫细胞系在病毒生物学、 基因功能的研究以及杆状病毒表达系统生产重组蛋白的应用中发挥着重要的作用。本研究由家蚕Bombyx mori “大造”品种反转期胚胎建立了一株细胞系Bm-Em-1, 在含10％胎牛血清的TNM-FH培养基中已传代40余代。显微观察表明, 细胞形态主要为圆形和短梭形, 细胞染色体呈短棒状和颗粒状, 数量多、 异倍化, 符合典型的鳞翅目昆虫细胞染色体特征。RAPD鉴定结果表明, 该细胞系来源于家蚕胚胎, 其扩增谱带与BTI-Tn5B1-4和Sf-9等细胞系明显不同。生长曲线测定结果表明, 第28代细胞的群体倍增时间为82.2 h。病毒敏感性测定显示, 该细胞系不能被苜蓿银纹夜蛾Autographa californica核型多角体病毒（AcMNPV）感染, 但对家蚕核型多角体病毒（BmNPV）高度敏感, 96 h的感染率为91.3％。结果说明该细胞系可作为家蚕病毒离体复制、 BmNPV表达系统以及家蚕基因功能研究的理想材料。     

用构建的新型BmNPV载体在家蚕高效表达人β-干扰素

构建了家蚕核多角体病毒(Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus,BmNPV)新型载体pBm92,该载体将多角体蛋白基因的起始密码ATG改变为ATT,然后在多角体蛋白基因的+12位后连接有5个外源基因的克隆位点。将HulFN-β基因克隆在多角体蛋白基因的+12位后,构建了pBmIFN+12;同时构建了HuIFN－β克隆在－3位后的转移载体pB．mIFN－3。将两种转移载体DNA分别与BmNPV基因组DNA共转染Bm—N细胞。利用重组病毒不产生多角体蛋白的特征,筛选重组病毒。用HuIFN－β基因探针与重组病毒DNA进行杂交鉴定。重组病毒BmIFN+12感染Bm-N细胞,其上清IFN活性为2．0×10⁶Iu／ml,将BmIFN+12注射5龄家蚕虫体,表达水平为5．O×10⁷Iu／ml,是HulFN-β基因克隆在多角体蛋白基因的-3位后获得的重组病毒表达量的2—4倍。构建的新型BmNPv载体能够在家蚕高效地表达HuIFN-β。家蚕虫体生产的rHulFN-β蛋白具有天然HuIFN-β的抗原性。     

粉纹夜蛾颗粒体病毒重组增效蛋白的增效作用

采用时间 剂量 死亡率模型 ,分析了粉纹夜蛾 (Trichoplusiani)颗粒体病毒重组增效蛋白P96对棉铃虫 (Helicoverpaarmigera)核型多角体病毒 (HaNPV)感染棉铃虫幼虫的增效作用。结果显示 :感染后 11d ,HaNPV P96组的LC50 值为 3.4 7× 10 3 多角体 /mL ,比HaNPV组 ( 3.89× 10 4 多角体 /mL)降低了 91.0 8% ;在 1.6× 10 4 ～ 1.6× 10 6多角体 /mL浓度范围内 ,HaNPV P96组的LT50 值较HaNPV组缩短 0 .3～ 1.8d。P96显著提高了HaNPV对棉铃虫幼虫的毒力     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.