低温冷藏对米蛾卵繁育稻螟赤眼蜂和玉米螟赤眼蜂质量的影响

研究了稻螟赤眼蜂和玉米螟赤眼蜂对在不同温度(1℃、4℃、7℃、10℃)下冷藏不同时间(0、3、5、7、10、15、20、25、30、40 d)处理的米蛾卵的寄生适合度,进而以赤眼蜂寄生米蛾卵粒数、赤眼蜂羽化率和羽化雌蜂率三者乘积表示米蛾卵的繁蜂质量指标(Q),确定繁殖两种赤眼蜂时米蛾卵的最佳冷藏温度和冷藏时间。结果表明:繁殖稻螟赤眼蜂时,4℃下冷藏米蛾卵赤眼蜂寄生米蛾卵粒数最高,7℃次之,米蛾卵冷藏超过15 d赤眼蜂寄生米蛾卵粒数降低50%,但是赤眼蜂寄生米蛾卵粒仍高于20粒;繁殖玉米螟赤眼蜂时,7℃冷藏米蛾卵赤眼蜂寄生米蛾卵粒数最高,4℃次之,米蛾卵冷藏10 d玉米螟赤眼蜂寄生米蛾卵粒数降低50%,但是冷藏20 d赤眼蜂寄生米蛾卵粒仍高于20粒,但各温度间差异不显著;冷藏15 d以内繁殖的赤眼蜂羽化出蜂率和羽化雌蜂与对照之间差异不显著。从数值上看冷藏15 d以内,4℃下冷藏米蛾卵的繁蜂质量较高,冷藏15 d以上,10℃下米蛾卵的繁蜂质量较高。综合分析在4℃～7℃下冷藏的米蛾卵繁蜂质量最好,冷藏时间最多不能超过15 d,两种赤眼蜂之间略有差异,但是差异不大。     

以椰子织蛾为寄主的麦蛾柔茧蜂的冷藏研究

[目的] 探究麦蛾柔茧蜂最适的冷藏温度及虫态,为麦蛾柔茧蜂在生物防治的应用提供基础。[方法] 将麦蛾柔茧蜂的4种虫态（卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫）置于-4、0、4、10℃温度下冷藏,观察其存活率,以确定其冷藏的最适虫态和最适温度。随后测定最适冷藏条件下,麦蛾柔茧蜂的生命参数。[结果] 致死中时间（T₅₀）表明,麦蛾柔茧蜂以蛹期在10℃条件下冷藏为最佳,冷藏12 d时存活率仍达到75.25%。麦蛾柔茧蜂在10℃条件下冷藏后,首日产卵量在冷藏后期显著下降,麦蛾柔茧蜂性比显著降低,但冷藏3 d后其均值又逐渐恢复。茧蜂发育历期在冷藏后无显著变化。[结论] 以椰子织蛾为寄主的麦蛾柔茧蜂于蛹期在10℃条件下冷藏12 d仍具有良好的利用价值,这可为麦蛾柔茧蜂在生物防治中的应用提供依据。     

冷藏温度及时间对稻螟赤眼蜂品质的影响

稻螟赤眼蜂Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead是水稻螟虫的重要卵寄生性天敌,对水稻螟虫的自然种群有着一定的控制作用。本文以稻螟赤眼蜂预蛹期作为冷藏时期,在0、3、6、10℃4个温度和0、5、10、15、20、25、30 d 7个冷藏时间条件下,以羽化率、雌蜂百分率、寄生米蛾卵数量、雌蜂寿命、种群趋势指数作为指标,调查了冷藏对稻螟赤眼蜂品质的影响。研究表明,在4个温度下,稻螟赤眼蜂各指标均随着冷藏时间的增加而降低。各冷藏温度中,以0℃最为敏感,冷藏至5 d时,羽化率(38.11%)和寄生米蛾卵数量(19.4粒)显著低于未冷藏处理;冷藏至15 d时,雌蜂寿命由3.1 d降至1.9 d,种群趋势指数由23.36下降至1.07。10℃下,稻螟赤眼蜂各指标下降最为缓慢,冷藏至10 d时,羽化率(85.35%)和寄生米蛾卵数量(24.3个)与冷藏0 d的差异不显著;冷藏至15 d时,雌蜂寿命(2.7 d)与冷藏0 d的差异也不显著,种群趋势指数为12.52。综合各指标,工厂化繁殖稻螟赤眼蜂时,其适宜冷藏温度为10℃,冷藏时间为10 d。     

不同日龄七星瓢虫成虫和蛹的低温储存研究

为明确七星瓢虫Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus不同日龄的虫体经低温储存后的存活差异并获取最佳的储存虫龄和时间。分别选择羽化后0、3、7、14、21和28 d的成虫和化蛹1、2、3和4 d的蛹在8℃进行低温储存试验,确定不同储存时间（7、14、21、28、35和45 d）后虫体的存活率或羽化率。结果显示：不同日龄（0~21 d）的瓢虫成虫,存活率与储存期呈显著负相关关系。日龄＞7 d的瓢虫成虫,经低温储存21 d后,存活率为80%左右,储存28 d后,存活率仍大于70%。日龄＞14 d的瓢虫成虫储存45 d后还有60%以上存活。不同日龄的蛹最终羽化率不同,1~2 d蛹在储存21 d后羽化率为70%左右,高于3~4 d蛹的50.00%和13.33%。结果表明,七星瓢虫成虫羽化14 d后在低温下储存期最长可达45 d,可在长期储存时使用。储存期不高于28 d时,可选用羽化7 d的成虫。储存期低于21 d时,可选用羽化7 d的成虫或1~2 d蛹,其中1~2 d蛹最为经济。     

枸杞木虱啮小蜂繁殖生物学研究

枸杞木虱啮小蜂Tamarixa lyciumiYang是枸杞木虱Paratrioza sinica Yang&Li若虫期的重要寄生性天敌。在实验室对其繁殖生物学特性进行了研究,结果如下:枸杞木虱啮小蜂大多进行两性生殖,孤雌生殖后代均为雄性,其自然性比为1.80:1。在15～35℃间,随温度升高,枸杞木虱啮小蜂发育历期缩短;从卵发育到成虫时需要8.22℃以上的有效积温217.21日·度。枸杞木虱啮小蜂在25℃恒温条件下繁殖力最高,35℃最低,寿命随温度的升高而缩短。在不同营养条件下,喂食20%蜂蜜的条件最适宜其繁殖,其次为20%蔗糖溶液,补充清水只可延长其寿命而不能提高繁殖力。5℃冷藏枸杞木虱啮小蜂蛹15d以内,不影响其正常羽化,冷藏20d或20d以上,羽化率显著降低;冷藏30d内对羽化后雌雄蜂寿命无明显影响,且从冷藏蛹中羽化的雌蜂寄生能力未受显著影响。     

冷藏米蛾卵对稻螟赤眼蜂和玉米螟赤眼蜂子代质量的影响

【目的】以稻螟赤眼蜂Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead和玉米螟赤眼蜂T.ostriniae为试验对象,研究低温冷藏米蛾卵对赤眼蜂子代质量的影响,为米蛾卵的合理利用,赤眼蜂的工厂化生产和应用提供理论依据。【方法】将米蛾卵在不同温度(1、4、7、10℃)下冷藏不同时间(3、5、7、10、15、20、25、30、40d),研究米蛾卵冷藏后作为寄主卵对两种赤眼蜂子代寄生卵量、F_2代羽化出蜂率和雌蜂率的影响,利用赤眼蜂子代寄生卵量、F_2代羽化出蜂率和雌蜂率三者乘积表示赤眼蜂子代质量(Q),根据赤眼蜂子代质量判断冷藏米蛾卵对子代质量的影响。【结果】米蛾卵冷藏温度和时间对赤眼蜂子代寄生卵量影响显著,但不同赤眼蜂种类和不同冷藏温度间表现不同。繁殖稻螟赤眼蜂时,米蛾卵在4℃下冷藏赤眼蜂寄生卵量下降最缓,米蛾卵冷藏20d内赤眼蜂寄生卵量与对照之间差异不显著,在其他温度下米蛾卵冷藏3 d稻螟赤眼蜂寄生卵量与对照之间差异达到显著水平;繁殖玉米螟赤眼蜂时,米蛾卵在4℃下冷藏赤眼蜂寄生卵量下降最缓,米蛾卵冷藏20d赤眼蜂寄生卵量与对照之间差异达到显著水平,1℃下冷藏赤眼蜂寄生卵量下降最快,米蛾卵冷藏5 d赤眼蜂寄生卵量与对照之间达到显著水平。米蛾卵冷藏对稻螟赤眼蜂和玉米螟赤眼蜂F_2代的羽化率和雌蜂率产生的不利影响相对较小,米蛾卵冷藏30 d赤眼蜂F_2代的羽化率仍在70%以上,雌蜂率仍在75%以上。【结论】米蛾卵冷藏超过一定的时间以后会对稻螟赤眼蜂和玉米螟赤眼蜂子代的寄生卵量,F_2代的羽化出蜂率和雌蜂率产生不利影响,从而降低子代稻螟赤眼蜂和玉米螟赤眼蜂的质量,但在适宜的温度下冷藏一定时间内对其子代质量影响不显著,其中4℃下冷藏米蛾卵繁殖的赤眼蜂子代质量最佳,冷藏30 d赤眼蜂子代质量降低不到50%。     

温、湿度对南美斑潜蝇和美洲斑潜蝇羽化的影响

在实验条件下 ,研究了温湿度对南美斑潜蝇Liriomgzahuidobrensis和美洲斑潜蝇Liriomgzasativae羽化的影响。结果表明 ,温度对 2种斑潜蝇日羽化节律有显著的影响。随温度的升高 ,成虫的日羽化时段相应缩短 ,日羽化高峰期相应提前。且 2种斑潜蝇的羽化均集中在 1 2 :0 0之前。 2种斑潜蝇羽化所需要的最适温度 :南美斑潜蝇为 2 0℃ ,美洲斑潜蝇为 2 5℃ ;羽化所需要的最适相对湿度 :南美斑潜蝇为90 % ,美洲斑潜蝇为 1 0 0 %。     

冷藏温度对日本刀角瓢虫存活及生长发育的影响

【目的】本研究旨在调查不同冷藏温度下日本刀角瓢虫Serangium japanicum成虫生物学特性及F₁代的生长发育,明确日本刀角瓢虫成虫最适冷藏温度。【方法】将日本刀角瓢虫成虫置于不同低温(7,10,13和16℃),贮藏10 d时测定其存活率、单雌产卵量、寿命和对烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci 4龄若虫的日捕食量,以及日本刀角瓢虫F₁代存活率和发育历期;qRT-PCR测定日本刀角瓢虫成虫体内热激蛋白基因Hsp70和Hsp90的相对表达量。【结果】日本刀角瓢虫成虫在16℃低温贮藏10 d时,其存活率、雌雄成虫寿命、单雌产卵量和日捕食量以及F₁代存活率均与贮藏在26℃的对照无显著差异(存活率：99%vs 100%;雌成虫寿命：110.65 d vs 106.87 d;雄成虫寿命：123.12 d vs 108.79 d;单雌产卵量：399.19粒vs 422.63粒;日捕食量：34.70头vs 31.95头;F₁代存活率：80.39%vs 94.12%);但其F₁代发育历期...     

低含水量饲料对黑水虻生长发育的影响

【目的】了解低含水量饲料对黑水虻Hermetia illucens生长发育的影响。【方法】在27℃、RH 80%、光周期14L∶10D的饲养条件下,以含水量70%人工饲料饲养黑水虻为对照,比较饲料含水量降为30%和50%时黑水虻幼虫的存活率、幼虫体重、雌雄成虫体长、羽化率以及不同发育阶段持续时间等生物学参数与对照组的差异。【结果】30%和50%含水量饲料饲养幼虫平均体重与对照幼虫相比显著降低（P<0.05）,30%和50%含水量两个处理间体重亦有显著差异（P<0.05）。黑水虻幼虫不能在含水量30％的人工饲料中发育至预蛹,大部分幼虫至13 d时死亡。50%含水量饲料饲养幼虫比对照延迟5 d出现预蛹,滞后14 d结束预蛹,预蛹过程耗时18 d,比对照延长8 d;50%含水量饲料饲养雌雄虫比对照成虫体长显著缩短（P<0.05）,雌雄成虫羽化时间亦比对照延后5 d,雌雄成虫羽化历期均为18 d,比对照增加5 d;50%含水量饲料饲养黑水虻自卵孵化至蛹全部羽化为成虫所需时间比对照延长10.67 d,所需时间为55.67 d,而对照仅需45.00 d;但是50%含水量饲料饲养幼虫存活率和成虫羽化率与对照相比差异均不显著（P>0.05）。【结论】含水量低于70%的人工饲料不利于黑水虻的生长发育。     

温度对食菌小蠹光滑足距小蠹实验种群发育和繁殖的影响

为了明确温度对光滑足距小蠹Xylosandrus germanus发育和繁殖的影响, 本研究分别采用真菌Acremonium kiliense和Ambrosiella hartigii在培养皿中饲养雌成虫和幼虫, 以及半人工饲料在试管中培养雌成虫的方法, 系统地研究了该食菌小蠹在16~31℃范围内6个恒温条件下的发育和16~28℃范围内5个恒温条件下的繁殖力和性比。结果表明: 从16~28℃, 光滑足距小蠹未成熟期各虫态和卵至成虫的发育历期均随温度升高而缩短, 16℃时蠹虫的发育历期为28℃时的3~4倍, 31℃时除蛹外发育历期又有延长。各温度下均以幼虫的发育历期为最长, 占卵至成虫羽化整个发育历期的50%以上。幼虫发育的最适温度为26.44℃。发育起点温度在11.0℃（蛹）至12.7℃（卵至成虫）之间。卵期有效积温最小（61.5日·度）, 幼虫期最大（189.7日·度）, 卵至成虫需要12.7℃以上约305日·度的积温才能完成发育。卵至成虫的存活率在16~25℃范围内从53.3%增大至68.3%, 28~31℃范围内又从35.0%降至3.3%。31℃时幼虫几乎不能化蛹。在半人工饲料中, 22~25℃范围内每雌平均后代数为114.3~121.5头, 以25℃时为最大, 约为16℃时的3倍、19℃和28℃时的2倍。雌雄性比以16℃时为最小（9.6∶1）, 25℃时最大（23.3∶1）, 其余温度下均为19.0∶1以上。结果说明, 温度直接影响光滑足距小蠹的发育, 主要通过影响虫道真菌生长和产孢而影响光滑足距小蠹的繁殖。     

贮藏条件对川硬皮肿腿蜂存活率的影响

在相对湿度为50%~70%的条件下,设置5个温度梯度,将川硬皮肿腿蜂SclerodermasichuanensisXiao雌成蜂分别进行直接贮藏和定期补充15%蜂蜜水后贮藏,并对该蜂在不同条件下的贮藏存活率进行了比较。结果表明,贮藏温度和补充营养对川硬皮肿腿蜂雌成蜂的存活率有显著影响,其中6~15℃下贮藏相同时间的蜂存活率较高,比较适合该蜂的贮藏,而在12℃贮藏相同时间的供试蜂存活率最高,最适该蜂的贮藏。除此之外,在贮藏期间适时添加补充营养也能大大延长川硬皮肿腿蜂雌成蜂的贮藏寿命,但补充营养对该蜂存活率的影响大小与贮藏温度有关。     

Production protocol for and storage efficacy of an anthocorid predator Cardiastethus exiguus Poppius

Cardiastethus exiguus Poppius is an indigenous anthocorid predator of eggs and neonates of the notorious pest,coconut black-headed caterpillar Opisina arenosella Walker in India.At the National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects(Indian Council of Agricultural Research),Bangalore,India,a simple mass production protocol was developed for multiplying C.exiguus using UV-irradiated eggs of alternate laboratory host Corcyra cephalonica Stainton.Field evaluation of the predator in the states of Kerala and Karnataka indicated that this predator could bring about a significant reduction in the pest population.Subsequently,the need was felt to investigate the storage efficacy of the eggs and adults of C.exiguus so that sufficient numbers could be accumulated and transportation of the predator could be planned for field releases.Low temperature storage studies indicated that C.exiguus eggs can be safely stored for up to 5 days at 10℃ and 10 days at 15℃ and incubation period could be staggered for up to 10 and 13 days,respectively.The longevity of the C.exiguus adults was significantly reduced due to low temperature storage.However,for adult females,a storage temperature of 15℃ for 15 days could be recommended as they could live for a more than a month after removal from storage and their progeny production was comparable to that of the control adults.     

Progeny quality of Gonatocerus ashmeadi (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) reared on stored eggs of Homalodisca coagulata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

This study assessed the effects of refrigerated storage on the suitability of eggs of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata (Say) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), as hosts for propagation of the parasitoid Gonatocerus ashmeadi Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Development of the host eggs was terminated by chilling at 2 degrees C for 5 d before storage was initiated at 10 degresC for up to 70 d. Parasitism, adult emergence rate, developmental time, and sex ratio were used to gauge the suitability of the eggs as hosts after storage. In addition to these measures, demographic growth parameters also were used to assess the quality of the wasp progeny through the F2 generation. Host eggs stored 20 d remained fully acceptable to the wasps for attack. Although the parasitism rate decreased with storage time, > 80% adult parasitoid emergence was realized from eggs stored 30 d. After 70 d storage, adult emergence rate was decreased by 48%, fecundity decreased by 53%, female production by 19%, developmental time was extended 3 d, and female longevity was shortened 5 d. The emergence pattern of F1 but not F2 adults varied with storage time of the parental and grandparental hosts, respectively. For the F1 generation, emergence rate, development, and sex ratio did not vary with storage time when the F1 parents parasitized fresh host eggs. Demographic parameters for the F, population showed that net reproductive rate was > 20 although it decreased significantly after their parental host eggs were stored for > 30 d. The intrinsic and finite rates of increase, population doubling time, and mean generation time decreased only after storage for 60 d. Our results show that short-term cold storage could be used for maintaining wasp populations in a mass-rearing program and that the detrimental effects of chilling host eggs in storage for over 30 d do not extend to F2 generation.     

米蛾卵繁育的螟黄赤眼蜂的适宜冷贮温度和虫龄

为了全面评价冷贮对米蛾Corcyra cephalonica Stainton卵繁育螟黄赤眼蜂Trichogramma chilonis Ishii的影响, 本试验采用米蛾卵为寄主, 以冷贮温度（3和10℃）、 冷贮虫龄（以接蜂开始时间为起点, 接蜂后1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8和9日龄）和冷贮时间（1, 2, 3和4周）为试验因子, 研究了冷贮对螟黄赤眼蜂活蛹率、 羽化率和畸形率的影响。结果表明： 3个因素均能单独或互作显著影响活蛹率、 羽化率和畸形率（P＜0.05）。综合各冷贮虫龄对低温的反应, 螟黄赤眼蜂对3℃较敏感, 此温度下1-3日龄的活蛹率和各虫龄的羽化率均显著下降（P＜0.05）, 不适宜长期冷贮; 10℃下各虫龄的活蛹率受冷贮时间的影响不显著, 1-3日龄的羽化率受冷贮时间的影响也不显著, 冷贮4周后仍有74%以上的羽化率, 10℃适宜冷贮。不同冷贮温度下冷贮适宜虫龄不同。在10℃下, 最适冷贮虫龄是3日龄的赤眼蜂, 此虫龄不同冷贮时间的活蛹率（74.09%～77.59%）和羽化率（74.26%～90.37%）均与对照无显著差异（P>0.05）, 但显著高于其他虫龄（P＜0.05）。此虫龄在10℃下冷贮1~3周, 畸形率在27%以内。结果表明米蛾卵内螟黄赤眼蜂不同冷贮温度下适宜冷贮虫龄不同。     

松毛虫赤眼蜂滞育诱导及解除条件研究

【目的】以柞蚕Antheraea pernyi卵为繁殖寄主,对松毛虫赤眼蜂Trichogramma dendrolim滞育诱导及解除条件进行研究,以解决赤眼蜂工厂化生产和大面积应用中面临的的中、长期储存问题。【方法】通过观测不同发育阶段(寄生柞蚕卵在26℃培养40、96和144 h)、滞育诱导温度(10、13和16℃)和诱导时间对松毛虫赤眼蜂滞育的影响,确定松毛虫赤眼蜂滞育诱导条件;通过观测滞育诱导温度和滞育后的贮藏温度对滞育解除的影响,确定松毛虫赤眼蜂滞育解除条件。【结果】在松毛虫赤眼蜂的不同发育阶段对其进行持续的低温刺激均能使其导入滞育,但以小幼阶段(26℃培养40 h)开始效果最佳,寄生卵在26℃培养40 h后,转入10℃和13℃下连续诱导31 d,滞育率可达100%和99.12%。滞育诱导温度和滞育后的贮藏温度对松毛虫赤眼蜂解除滞育所需时间和解除滞育后的羽化出蜂率有较大影响,10℃诱导滞育后置于1℃冷藏的赤眼蜂解除滞育所需时间最短,解除滞育后的羽化出蜂率和单卵出蜂数更高,更耐储存。此条件下冷藏约30 d开始打破滞育,在正常发育下温度下羽化出蜂,60 d羽化出蜂率达到95.24%,冷藏4个月后羽化出蜂率仍在60%以上,单卵出蜂数高于50头。【结论】松毛虫赤眼蜂最佳滞育诱导条件为26℃培养40 h后,转入10℃连续低温诱导31 d;最佳滞育解除条件为1℃低温储存,但储存期不能超过4个月。     

沙葱萤叶甲钙结合蛋白基因的鉴定及表达谱分析

【目的】沙葱萤叶甲Galeruca daurica是一种近年来在内蒙古草原上猖獗成灾的新害虫。本研究旨在克隆沙葱萤叶甲钙结合蛋白(calcium-binding protein, CaBP)基因,分析其在沙葱萤叶甲成虫不同发育阶段及不同温度下的表达谱,为进一步探究其在沙葱萤叶甲生长发育及滞育过程中的作用奠定基础。【方法】根据沙葱萤叶甲转录组和蛋白质组数据,筛选CaBP基因序列信息,应用RT-PCR技术克隆获得CaBP基因的开放阅读框(ORF)全长序列,并对其进行生物信息学分析;通过qPCR检测其在沙葱萤叶甲成虫不同日龄(羽化后3, 7, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 60, 90和110 d)及3日龄成虫在不同温度(0, 5, 10,15, 20, 25, 30和35℃)下处理1 h后的表达水平。【结果】克隆得到4条具有完整ORF的沙葱萤叶甲CaBP基因cDNA序列,分别命名为GdCaM, GdCAPSL, GdTnCl和GdCRT(GenBank登录号: MN695412-695415),ORF全长分别为480, 648, 516和1 209 bp,分别编码149, 215, 171和402个氨基酸;只有GdCRT拥有信号肽。同源序列比对和系统发育分析表明,GdCaM, GdCAPSL, GdTnCl和GdCRT分别与玉米根萤叶甲Diabroticavirgifera virgifera的CaM, CAPSL, TnCl及马铃薯甲虫Leptinotarsa decemlineata CRT的氨基酸序列一致性最高,分别为100.0%, 74.0%, 88.2%和92.5%。qPCR结果表明,4个CaBP基因在沙葱萤叶甲不同日龄成虫中均差异表达,且表达模式不同。GdCaM在成虫滞育前(羽化后3 d)表达量较高,进入滞育后(羽化后7 d)表达量降低,在滞育期间(羽化后7-60 d)表达量变化较小,而解除滞育后(羽化后90 d)表达量进一步下调。GdCAPSL在滞育初期(羽化后10 d)维持在最低水平,进入滞育中后期(羽化后40和60 d)开始回升,滞育解除后又突然下调至最低水平,而羽化后110 d急剧上升至最高水平。GdTnCl在滞育初期(羽化后15-20 d)高表达,进入滞育中后期(羽化后30-60 d)急剧下降至最低水平,滞育解除后再次上调,但羽化后110 d突然下调至最低水平。GdCRT在进入滞育后表达量开始逐渐下调,在滞育维持期间(羽化后15-60 d)维持在低水平,滞育解除后又开始上升。温度对3日龄成虫中除GdCRT外的其他3个CaBP基因的表达有显著影响。温度低于20℃时,GdCaM的表达量随温度的降低而升高,但0℃时突然下降;温度高于20℃时,GdCaM的表达量随着温度的升高而上升。GdCAPSL的表达量随着温度的升高而呈现上升的趋势,25℃时达到最高,然后下降。GdTnCl随着温度的升高,表达量呈现下降的趋势。【结论】钙结合蛋白可能在沙葱萤叶甲成虫生长发育及夏滞育调控过程中发挥着重要作用。     

Low Temperature Storage of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Telenomus remus</Emphasis> (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) and its Factitious Host <Emphasis Type="Italic">Corcyra cephalonica</Emphasis> (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

We conducted three bioassays to evaluate the effect of low-temperature storage of eggs (host) and pupae and adults (parasitoid) on the biology and parasitism capacity of the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae). Viable stored Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs were parasitized to the same degree or even higher than fresh eggs when stored until 14 days at 5°C or until 21 days at 10°C. In contrast, the percentage of parasitized sterilized eggs was equal to the control only when stored for 7 and 14 days. Survival of T. remus pupae declined with storage time at both studied temperatures (5 and 10°C). However, after 7 days of storage, survival of pupae was still 86.3 and 64.9% at 10 and 5°C, respectively. The number of adult male survivors remained similar until the fourth storage day at both 5 and 10°C. In contrast, female survival did not differ until day 8 at 10°C or day 6 at 5°C. Parasitism capacity of stored adults was not altered by storage compared with the control. Therefore, we conclude that the maximal storage time at 10°C is 21 days for viable C. cephalonica eggs and 7 days for T. remus pupae, while parasitoid adults should not be stored for more than 4 days at either 5 or 10°C.     

Maternal and progeny quality of Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) after cold storage

The ectoparasitoid Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is an important biological control agent for lepidopterous pests of stored products. We investigated the effects of low temperature storage on the quality of adult parasitoids and their progeny. Newly emerged females were stored for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 70 days at 5 ± 1 °C. Several reproductive and developmental parameters were then assessed to determine the quality of the adult parasitoids and their progeny. After more than 30 days of storage, there was a decrease in parental parasitism, but low temperature storage of parents had no effect on parasitism of the F1 generation. Parental longevity and fecundity decreased after more than 20 days of storage, but there was no effect of storage duration on the fecundity and longevity of the F1 generation until a storage duration of 50 days. Development time varied with storage duration but differences were within 2 days. Storage duration had no effect on the sex ratio of F1 and F2 generations. Our data show that H. hebetor can be cold stored for up to 20 days without adversely affecting the performance of the parasitoid. Therefore, short-term storage of H.hebetor adults could be used for maintaining and accumulating large numbers of parasitoids in mass rearing programs.     

Evaluation of cold-stored eggs of Dolycoris baccarum (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) for parasitization by Trissolcus nigripedius (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)

Trissolcus nigripedius Nakagawa (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is an egg parasitoid of Dolycoris baccarum L. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), a polyphagous insect pest of many crops including soybean. As a method for mass-rearing to augment the parasitoid, cold storage of host eggs were evaluated in the laboratory. After 0 (control), 8, 20, 60, 90, and 120 days of refrigeration, host eggs were given to adult female T. nigripedius. Host acceptance behaviors of the parasitoid, categorized as drumming, oviposition, and marking, on the refrigerated eggs and biological attributes of offspring were assessed. Most of the attributes examined were affected by the refrigeration of host eggs. But host eggs could be refrigerated for up to two months without significant change in emergence rate and sex ratio and with 90% of parasitism. In addition, the second generation of the parasitoid was not negatively affected at all. However, frozen eggs of D. baccarum can not be used for rearing the parasitoid since parasitism rate decreased to 44% on host eggs frozen for 8 days. Refrigeration of D. baccarum eggs could be useful for mass-rearing and augmentation of T. nigripedius to control D. baccarum without reduction in the quality of parasitoid’s progeny. Furthermore, refrigerated eggs could be supplemented in the field to boost the population of T. nigripedius since immature D. baccarum can not hatch after 20 days of refrigeration.     

用马铃薯人工饲养马铃薯块茎蛾的方法

介绍一种马铃薯块茎蛾Phthorimaeaoperculella的室内人工饲养方法。在人工养虫室内用 1 0 %的蜂蜜水喂养成虫 ,用滤纸收集卵块 ,幼虫在薯块上饲养 ,化蛹于牛皮纸卷成的纸筒中 ,饲养结果发现马铃薯块茎蛾完成 1代大约需要 35～ 4 6d ,室内连续饲养块茎蛾 3代 ,卵的孵化率、幼虫化蛹率、成虫羽化率均在 90 %以上。