低含水量饲料对黑水虻生长发育的影响

【目的】了解低含水量饲料对黑水虻Hermetia illucens生长发育的影响。【方法】在27℃、RH 80%、光周期14L∶10D的饲养条件下，以含水量70%人工饲料饲养黑水虻为对照，比较饲料含水量降为30%和50%时黑水虻幼虫的存活率、幼虫体重、雌雄成虫体长、羽化率以及不同发育阶段持续时间等生物学参数与对照组的差异。【结果】30%和50%含水量饲料饲养幼虫平均体重与对照幼虫相比显著降低（P<0.05），30%和50%含水量两个处理间体重亦有显著差异（P<0.05）。黑水虻幼虫不能在含水量30％的人工饲料中发育至预蛹，大部分幼虫至13 d时死亡。50%含水量饲料饲养幼虫比对照延迟5 d出现预蛹，滞后14 d结束预蛹，预蛹过程耗时18 d，比对照延长8 d；50%含水量饲料饲养雌雄虫比对照成虫体长显著缩短（P<0.05），雌雄成虫羽化时间亦比对照延后5 d，雌雄成虫羽化历期均为18 d，比对照增加5 d；50%含水量饲料饲养黑水虻自卵孵化至蛹全部羽化为成虫所需时间比对照延长10.67 d，所需时间为55.67 d，而对照仅需45.00 d；但是50%含水量饲料饲养幼虫存活率和成虫羽化率与对照相比差异均不显著（P>0.05）。【结论】含水量低于70%的人工饲料不利于黑水虻的生长发育。

Effects of the artificial diet with low water content on the growth and development of the black soldier fly,Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

【Aim】 To evaluate the effects of the artificial diet with low water content on the growth and development of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens. 【Methods】 The black soldier fly was reared in climatic cabinet (27℃, RH 80%, photoperiod 14L∶10D) with artificial diet. Such biological characteristics as the larval survival rate, larval weight, adult body length, eclosion rate and duration of different developmental stages were compared among the flies reared with the artificial diet with 30%, 50% and 70% water content, respectively, of which the artificial diets with 70% water content was used as the control. 【Results】 The larval weight of the black soldiery fly reared with the diets with 30% and 50% water content were significantly different (P<0.05) and lower than the control (P<0.05). The black soldier fly could not develop to prepupae when reared with the diet with 30% water content, and most larvae died within 13 d. The beginning time and finishing time of prepupal stage in the 50% water content group was 5 and 14 d later than the control, respectively. The duration of prepupal stage in the 50% water content diet group was 18 d, which was 8 d longer than the control. The body lengths of female and male adults in the 50% water content diet group was significantly shorter than those in the control (P<0.05). Adults in the 50% water content diet group began eclosion 5 d later than the control, and the duration of eclosion was 18 d, which was 5 d longer than the control. The time from egg hatch to the eclosion of all adults in the 50% water content diet group was 55.67 d, while that in the control group was 45.00 d. However, there was no significant difference in larval survival rate and adult eclosion rate between the 50% water content group and the control (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 The results suggest that the artificial diet with water content lower than 70% is not suitable for the growth and development of the black soldier fly.