天然二亚油酰磷脂酰胆碱的富集

二亚油酰磷脂酰胆碱是重要的药物辅料,本研究使用冷冻分提的方法提高产品中二亚油酰磷脂酰胆碱的含量。在研究试验条件下,取分提溶剂乙醇的体积分数为95%,液固比为2.5,结晶温度为-7℃,以二亚磷脂酰胆碱含量为49.8%的大豆磷脂酰胆碱为原料,制备得到二亚磷脂酰胆碱含量为59.4%的产品,该产品二亚磷脂酰胆碱含量大于国外同类产品。并通过MS对二亚油酰磷脂酰胆碱进行了进一步确证。     

大豆磷脂组成的研究——Ⅱ.总脂肪酸及各种磷脂组分疏水侧链脂肪酸组成的气相色谱分析

在前文用单向薄层色谱解决大豆磷脂各种磷脂组分分析问题的基础上,本文又分析了大豆磷脂的总脂肪酸组成。并通过薄层色谱和气相色谱分析了大豆磷脂各种磷脂组分(包括溶血磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰肌醇、磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酸、磷脂酰甘油和双磷脂酰甘油等)疏水侧链的脂肪酸组成。     

大豆磷脂组成的研究——Ⅱ.总脂肪酸及各种磷脂组分疏水侧链脂肪酸组成的气相色谱分析

在前文用单向薄层色谱解决大豆磷脂各种磷脂组分分析问题的基础上,本文又分析了大豆磷脂的总脂肪酸组成。并通过薄层色谱和气相色谱分析了大豆磷脂各种磷脂组分(包括溶血磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰肌醇、磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酸、磷脂酰甘油和双磷脂酰甘油等)疏水侧链的脂肪酸组成。     

合子草中磷脂成分分析研究

本文首次分析了合于草全草及种子中磷脂成分，全草合总磷脂约0．2％，种子约1．11％，经薄层分析全草含3科磷脂组分，其中以Pc含量最高，占总磷脂59．04％，种子含3种磷脂组分，其中以Pc含量最高，占总磷脂56．38％．     

菜豆叶片衰老期间叶绿体被膜膜脂与脂肪酸组分的变化

菜豆叶片叶绿体总脂和被膜膜脂中均含有单半乳糖甘油二脂和双半乳糖甘油二脂,在整个衰老期间两种糖脂的比值变化不大。叶绿体总脂中含有5种磷脂,脂肪酸以不饱和的亚麻酸为主,而被膜膜脂中仅含磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰甘油,脂肪酸以饱和的棕榈酸为主,不饱和亚油酸为次。叶片衰老过程中被膜所含两种磷脂比值明显降低,脂肪酸的不饱和指数也因亚麻酸相对含量显著减少、棕榈酸相对含量增加而降低。     

阿尔茨海默病转基因模型Tg2576小鼠血清的代谢组学研究

目的 Tg2576转基因小鼠与阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)患者的病理改变相近,本文动态研究了Tg2576小鼠在AD发病不同阶段的血清代谢物特征,为临床AD的早期诊断提供代谢依据。方法收集Tg2576小鼠在AD发病初期(6个月)和末期(12个月)时的血清样本,采集样本的1HNMR谱并运用多变量分析方法进行代谢特征的分析。结果结果显示Tg2576与C57小鼠分别在6和12个月时的血清代谢特征有明显差异,且不同AD发病阶段的Tg2576小鼠具有明显的代谢差异。与C57小鼠相比,在AD出现的初期阶段,Tg2576小鼠血清中乳酸、肌醇和氨基酸(如亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、丙氨酸)的含量升高,而脂质、胆碱、磷脂酰胆碱/甘油磷脂酰胆碱、甜菜碱、甘氨酸和葡萄糖含量降低;在AD发病的末期,血清中乳酸、肌醇和丙氨酸的含量继续上升,脂质、胆碱、磷脂酰胆碱/甘油磷脂酰胆碱、甜菜碱和甘氨酸含量持续降低,同时谷氨酸和肌酸含量初步显示出下降趋势。通过比较AD的初期和末期血清代谢物,我们能够发现疾病末期血清中乳酸、肌醇和丙氨酸含量升高,脂质、胆碱、磷脂酰胆碱、甘油磷脂酰胆碱含量降低。在这些代谢物中,乳酸、脂质、胆碱、磷脂酰胆碱和甘油磷脂酰胆碱在AD发生初期已具有显著性变化,且与AD发生的严重程度密切相关。结论结果表明Tg2576小鼠中乳酸与阿尔茨海默病程度的加重呈正相关变化,而脂质、胆碱、磷脂酰胆碱和甘油磷脂酰胆碱呈负相关改变,且这些代谢物随着疾病的发展呈动态进行性变化,可能是AD早期诊断的重要代谢标志物。     

我国健康成人红细胞膜脂类的脂酸组成

 本文采用双向簿层层析分离红细胞膜脂类,继以毛细管气相色谱法分析其脂酸含量,检测了15名我国健康成人红细胞膜脂类的脂酸摩尔百分组成。结果表明:各脂类中,脂酸的类别基本相同,但其含量组成相差甚远。如磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)富含C_(20:4);磷脂酰胆碱(PC)富含C_(18:2);神经鞘磷脂(SM)主要含C_(16:0);磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS)主要含C_(18:0);而以红细胞糖苷脂(GL)中脂酸含量最少。膜总脂中饱和脂酸与不饱和脂酸的含量大致相等,胆碱磷脂(PC+SM)的脂酸饱和度则明显高于氨基磷脂(PE+PS)。     

表皮生长因子对大鼠肺表面活性物质合成的调控及机制

目的和方法：采用无血清成年大鼠肺组织培养,用液体闪烁计数器测定＾３Ｈ－胆碱掺入磷脂酰胆碱量,消化定磷法测总磷脂,薄层层析及薄层扫描测磷脂各组分含量变化,观察生理浓度表皮生长因子对成年大鼠肺表面活性物质合成的调控。结果：①１０＾－９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＥＧＦ作用８ｈ后,ＰＣ合成量显著增加,１６ｈ达高峰;②ＥＧＦ可显著增加总磷脂、ＰＳ特征性成分ＰＣ、ＰＧ合成（Ｐ〈０．０１）。而细胞膜特征性组分ＰＥ、ＰＳｅ、Ｓ     

酿酒酵母酚类抑制物耐受性脂质组学研究

通过脂质组学分析方法从细胞膜磷脂分布方面探究适应进化酿酒酵母酚酸耐受性机制。主要利用高效液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)对酚酸胁迫下适应进化菌株和原始菌株脂质成分检测并进行统计学比较分析。检测出565种脂质代谢物,包含细胞膜磷脂185种。相比初始菌株,适应进化菌株细胞膜中磷脂酰胆碱(PC)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)和磷脂酰肌醇(PI)类磷脂分子相对含量增加,含有长链(C32-C36)和双不饱和脂酰链的磷脂分子含量增加。统计学分析表明显著性差异磷脂分子主要为含有长链不饱和脂酰链的PC和PE类磷脂分子。推测适应进化菌株通过膜磷脂重塑提高细胞膜完整性,对酚类抑制物起到选择性屏障作用,从而保持细胞活性。     

高原鼢鼠、高原鼠兔和大鼠肺表面活性物质组成和含量的比较

本研究通过分析肺表面活性物质(pulmonary surfactant,PS)组成和含量探讨高原鼢鼠(Myospalax baileyi)和高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)的低氧适应机制。高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔各36只,捕捉于海拔3600 m左右的青海省海南州贵德县拉脊山地区,36只Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠购自海拔1500 m左右的兰州大学实验动物中心。所有动物麻醉后通过肺循环进行肺灌洗,充分洗净肺组织中的血液,取出完整的肺组织灌洗得到肺泡灌洗液。应用高效液相色谱法分析三种动物PS中磷脂的组成和含量;应用G-250考马斯亮蓝法、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)和质谱测序分析PS蛋白质的含量和种类;应用溶氧电极测定了PS溶液中的溶氧量。结果表明:高原鼢鼠、高原鼠兔和SD大鼠PS中,总磷脂含量依次显著增加(P<0.05),总蛋白含量依次显著减少(P<0.05);三种动物PS中均含有亚油酰棕榈酰胆碱(linoleic palmitoylphosphatidylcholine,LPPC)、二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱(dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine,DPPC)、磷脂酰甘油(phosphatidylglycerol,PG)、磷脂酰肌醇(phosphatidylinositol,PI)和磷脂酰丝氨酸(phosphatidylserine,PSe)等5种磷脂成分,但其相对含量明显不同;在高原鼢鼠、高原鼠兔和SD大鼠中,LPPC所占比例依次显著增加(P<0.01);高原鼢鼠PS磷脂中,DPPC、PG和PI所占比例极显著高于高原鼠兔(P<0.01),高原鼠兔与SD大鼠之间没有显著差异(P>0.05);高原鼢鼠与高原鼠兔PS磷脂中,PSe所占比例没有显著差异(P>0.05),但均极显著高于SD大鼠(P<0.01)。三种动物PS中均含有血清白蛋白(serum albumin,SA),高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔PS中含有血红蛋白β亚基构成的含血红素的同源四聚体蛋白,高原鼢鼠和SD大鼠PS中含有免疫球蛋白(immunoglobulin,Ig)重链残基,高原鼢鼠Ig重链残基含量极显著高于SD大鼠(P<0.01),含血红素蛋白含量显著高于高原鼠兔(P<0.05)。高原鼢鼠、高原鼠兔和SD大鼠PS溶液中溶氧量依次显著减小(P<0.01),但均显著高于生理盐水(P<0.01)。以上结果提示,高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔PS中总蛋白含量显著增加,总磷脂含量显著减少,蛋白成分中含有高含量的含血红素同源四聚体蛋白,且高原鼢鼠主要磷脂成分DPPC的相对含量显著增加,这种PS成分和含量的变化增强了这两种高原动物对低氧环境的适应性。     

Lipids of Thermoplasma acidophilum

Cells of Thermoplasma acidophilum contain about 3% total lipid on a dry weight basis. Total lipid was found to contain 17.5% neutral lipid, 25.1% glycolipid, and 56.6% phospholipid by chromatography on silicic acid. The lipids contain almost no fatty acid ester groups but appear to have long-chain alkyl groups in ether linkages to glycerol. The phospholipid fraction includes a major component which represents about 80% of the lipid phosphorus and 46% of the total lipids. We believe this component to be a long-chain isopranol glycerol diether analogue of glycerolphosphoryl monoglycosyl diglyceride. The glycolipids appear to contain isopranol diether analogues. Several components of the complex, neutral lipid fraction have been identified as hydrocarbons, vitamin K(2)-7, and isopranol glycerol diether analogues. Sterols are present in the neutral lipids but do not appear to be synthesized by the organism.     

五种虫草无性型菌株产腺苷类物质的分析

采用分光光度计法对虫草菌丝体中腺苷类组分的提取方法进行研究,采用薄层层析法和高效液相色谱法对虫草菌丝体中的腺嘌呤、腺苷、虫草菌素、N6-(2-羟乙基)腺苷等4种物质进行定性和定量分析。结果表明,虫草菌丝体中腺苷类组分的提取方法采用蒸馏水超声波提取30min效果较好,所测5种虫草菌株都能产腺苷和腺嘌呤,在蛹草拟青霉菌株中含有虫草菌素,在粉被玛利亚霉和蝉拟青霉菌株中含有N6-(2-羟乙基)腺苷,同时发现N6-(2-羟乙基)腺苷的累积与培养时间有一定关系。     

Establishment of Male and Female Eucommia Fingerprints by UPLC Combined with OPLS-DA Model and Its Application

Eucommia ulmoides Oliver is a dioecious plant, which plays an important role in traditional Chinese medicine. However, there has not yet been any research on male and female E. ulmoides. The UPLC fingerprints and OPLS-DA approach were able to quickly and easily identify and quantify E. ulmoides and differentiate between the male and female fingerprints. In this study, we optimized the UPLC conditions and analyzed them to investigate fingerprints of twenty-four extracts of Eucommiae Cortex (EC) and twenty-four extracts of Eucommiae Folium (EF) under optimal conditions. It was demonstrated that thirteen and twelve substances were possible chemical markers for EC and EF male and female discrimination and that the level of these markers – chlorogenic acid and protocatechuic acid – was many times higher in male than in female. This approach offered a reference for quality control and precise treatment of male and female E. ulmoides in the clinic.     

Effects on Tyrosinase Activity by the Extracts of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ganoderma lucidum</Emphasis> and Related Mushrooms

The inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activity by extracts of several mushrooms belonging to Basidiomycetes were evaluated. Among the tested mushrooms (Ganoderma lucidum, Antrodia camphorata, Agaricus brasiliensis, and Cordyceps militaris), G. lucidum exhibited significant inhibition of tyrosinase activity (IC(50) value 0.32 mg/ml), compared to those prepared from other Basidiomycetes. Tyrosinase inhibitors are effective components of skin-lightening compounds and other cosmetics; currently many of the facial mask cosmetics in the market contain Ganoderma extracts in their ingredients. The finding that mushroom extracts contain tyrosinase activity inhibition will contribute to better understanding of how their 'healing' properties in various Chinese traditional herbal on skin care products.     

Simultaneous determination of five characteristic stilbene glycosides in root bark of Morus albus L. (Cortex Mori) using high-performance liquid chromatography

Introduction – Cortex Mori, one of the well‐known traditional Chinese herbal medicines, is derived from the root bark of Morus alba L. according to the China Pharmacopeia. Stilbene glycosides are the main components isolated from aqueous extracts of Morus alba and their content varies depending on where Cortex Mori was collected. We have established a qualitative and quantitative method based on the bioactive stilbene glycosides for control of the quality of Cortex Mori from different sources. Objective – To develop a high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet absorption detection for simultaneous quantitative determination of five major characteristic stilbene glycosides in 34 samples of the root bark of Morus alba L. (Cortex Mori) from different sources. Methodology – The analysis was performed on an ODS column using methanol‐water‐acetic acid (18: 82: 0.1, v/v/v) as the mobile phase and the peaks were monitored at 320 nm. Results – All calibration curves showed good linearity (r ≥ 0.9991) within test ranges. This method showed good repeatability for the quantification of these five components in Cortex Mori with intra‐ and inter‐day standard deviations less than 2.19% and 1.45%, respectively. Conclusion – The validated method was successfully applied to quantify the five investigated components, including a pair of cis‐trans‐isomers 1 and 2 and a pair of isomers 4 and 5 in 34 samples of Cortex Mori from different sources. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Platelet activating factor activity in the phospholipids of bovine spermatozoa

Platelet activating factor (PAF) has been detected in sperm from several mammalian species and can affect sperm motility and fertilization. Because bovine sperm contain a high percentage of ether-linked phospholipid precursors required for PAF synthesis, a study was undertaken to determine the PAF activity of bovine sperm phospholipids. Total lipids of washed, ejaculated bull sperm were extracted, and phospholipids were fractionated by thin-layer chromatography. Individual phospholipid fractions were assayed for PAF activity on the basis of [3H]serotonin release from equine platelets. PAF activity was detected in the PAF fraction (1.84 pmol/mumol total phospholipid) and in serine/inositol (PS/PI), choline (CP), and ethanolamine phosphoglyceride (EP) and cardiolipin (CA) fractions. Activity was highest in the CP fraction (8.05 pmol/mumol total phospholipid). Incomplete resolution of PAF and neutral lipids may have contributed to the activity in the PS/PI and CA fractions, respectively. Phospholipids from nonsperm sources did not stimulate serotonin release. Platelet activation by purified PAF and by sperm phospholipid fractions was inhibited by the receptor antagonist SRI 63-675. These results indicate that bovine sperm contain PAF and that other sperm phospholipids, especially CP and EP, which are high in glycerylether components, are capable of receptor-mediated platelet activation.     

天然胶乳脂质的磷脂组成与分布

本文采用单向硅胶薄层色谱对“红星1号”（抗风品系）和“9－110”（抗寒品系）两种无性系天然橡胶胶乳脂质的磷脂组成进行定性分析,分离出8种磷脂组分,已检出6种,发现两种是从来没检出过的磷脂组分,此外用薄层色谱扫描和“吸光度比例系数校正法”对两种品系天然胶乳总脂,橡胶相和底层脂质中各种磷脂组分的分布进行了快速定量分析。     

The characterization of chlorobium vesicles and membranes isolated from green bacteria

Summary The particulate fraction in cell-free extracts of three Chlorobium strains was examined. It contains two structural components: membrane fragments and chlorobium vesicles. These two components have been separated, and certain of their properties compared. Both consist largely of lipid and protein. The lipids of the membrane fraction are predominantly phospholipids, but include a glycolipid which contains galactose, rhamnose and an unidentified sugar. The vesicles are highly enriched in bacteriochlorophyll, and contain large amounts of a monogalactosyl diglyceride; their content of phospholipid is low. All the succinic and malic dehydrogenase activity of the particulate fraction is located in the membranes, whereas NADH- and NADPH-linked dye reductases occur in both membranes and vesicles.The vesicles in crude extracts are unstable upon storage; they rapidly lose their characteristic structure, accompanied by a destruction of bacteriochlorophyll. These changes can be prevented by brief treatment of extracts with glutaraldehyde.Many of the isolated vesicles contain from 10 to 25 regular intravesicular structures, which are about 10 nm wide and circular, with a central hole 3 nm in diameter.     

Lipid composition of the isolated rat intestinal microvillus membrane

1. Rat intestinal microvillus plasma membranes were prepared from previously isolated brush borders and the lipid composition was analysed. 2. The molar ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid was greatest in the membranes and closely resembled that reported for myelin. 3. Unesterified cholesterol was the major neutral lipid. However, 30% of the neutral lipid fraction was accounted for by glycerides and fatty acid. 4. Five phospholipid components were identified and measured, including phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine. Though phosphatidylethanolamine was the chief phospholipid, no plasmalogen was detected. 5. In contrast with other plasma membranes in the rat, the polar lipids of the microvillus membrane were rich in glycolipid. The cholesterol:polar lipid (phospholipid+glycolipid) ratio was about 1:3 for the microvillus membrane. Published data suggest that this ratio resembles that of the liver plasma membrane more closely than myelin or the erythrocyte membrane. 6. The fatty acid composition of membrane lipids was altered markedly by a single feeding of safflower oil. Membrane polar lipids did not contain significantly more saturated fatty acids than cellular polar lipids. Differences in the proportion of some fatty acids in membrane and cellular glycerides were noted. These differences may reflect the presence of specific membrane glycerides.     

两种北虫草硒含量的比较

目的:比较富硒北虫草和普通北虫草的总硒含量、无机硒含量和有机硒含量。方法:采用紫外分光光度法测定富硒北虫草和普通北虫草的总硒含量和无机硒含量,然后通过计算得出有机硒含量。结果:富硒北虫草中总硒含量高于普通北虫草70倍左右,而有机硒含量则大约是普通北虫草的100倍,且富硒北虫草中有机硒含量为总硒含量的97%左右。结论:鞍山华宇生物科技有限公司开发的富硒北虫草中有机硒的含量明显高于普通北虫草,具有良好的使用前景。