三种鸡形目雉科禽类卵黄抗体的纯化及二抗的制备

目的 纯化三种鸡形目雉科的禽类孔雀、鹌鹑、贵妃鸡的卵黄抗体IgY,并且免疫家兔制备抗血清。方法 采用了水稀释法,HiTrap IgYPurification HP免疫亲和层析法和硫酸铵沉淀法纯化IgY。免疫家兔制备抗血清,免疫双扩散法测定效价。Protein-A亲和纯化兔抗IgY血清IgG。结果 经亲和纯化和盐析纯化,得到了孔雀、鹌鹑、贵妃鸡的卵黄抗体IgY,经SDS-PAGE检测为电泳纯,孔雀、鹌鹑、贵妃鸡的卵黄抗体IgY的相对分子质量约为180×10^3。免疫后经Protein-A亲和纯化后获得了兔抗IgY的IgG。结论 证实了孔雀、鹌鹑、贵妃鸡的卵黄抗体IgY的存在及其特性。雉科鸡形目禽类卵黄抗体的纯化方法 相似,可以推广到鸡形目其它禽类的卵黄抗体的纯化中,获得的抗血清可以进一步进行标记和今后抗原的检测。     

抗HIV-1 p15(gag)IgY抗体的制备及活性检测

目的:制备具有高效价强特异性的抗HIV-1 p15(gag)鸡卵黄抗体(IgY),纯化并分析其免疫学活性。方法:用纯化的HIV-1 p15(gag)蛋白抗原免疫蛋鸡,用水稀释法对IgY抗体进行粗提取并结合乙醇沉淀和氯化钠盐析法纯化抗体,再通过SDS-PAGE、Western blot、酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测抗体的纯度、特异性及效价。结果:表达纯化的HIV-1 p15(gag)-GST融合蛋白分子量为45kDa,用于抗体检测的抗原。用纯化的His-P15蛋白作为免疫原免疫蛋鸡后,获得的卵黄抗体重链、轻链分子量分别为65kDa和25kDa。8倍体积水稀释卵黄,pH值5.1,20%冰乙醇及0.028mol/L盐溶液分离纯化,纯度可达96℅,每毫升卵黄液可得到的卵黄抗体为9.8mg。终浓度为18%～25%的冰乙醇纯化的抗体浓度高且稳定,同时具有较强的特异性和较高的效价。结论:用HIV-1p15(gag)蛋白免疫蛋鸡,可以获得高效价的特异性抗体IgY,为IgY抗体在HIV-1p15蛋白的研究奠定了实验基础。     

抗生殖器疱疹病毒卵黄免疫球蛋白(IgY)的研究

检测了鸡卵黄中抗生殖器疱疹病毒(HSV-2)抗体的产量、纯度、来源及稳定性。采用生殖器疱疹病毒(HSV-2)作为抗原免疫广州黄村鸡。通过改良水稀释法提取卵黄中的IgY。双紫外光波长测定抗体含量,SDS-PAGE电泳检测抗体纯度。Western blot免疫印迹法测定该抗体来源。ELISA检测IgY对温度、酸碱度的稳定性。结果,蛋黄液中抗体质量浓度13.6g.L-1,抗体纯度达96.2%。免疫印迹证明IgY与鸡血清中的IgG具有相同的分子量和抗原性。IgY具有良好的热稳定性,对酸碱具有一定的耐受力。WD水稀释法能得到高产量、高纯度的特异性IgY,而且有良好的生物学活性。     

抗MRSA-PBP2a鸡卵黄抗体的制备及乳胶凝集检测法的建立

制备抗耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌青霉素结合蛋白2a( MRSA- PBP2a)抗原的鸡卵黄免疫球蛋白(IgY),建立检测MRSA的乳胶凝集方法.采用体外诱导的方法制备PBP2a蛋白,胸部肌肉多点注射方式免疫6只海蓝蛋鸡,水稀释法提取IgY,BCA法测定蛋白含量,Western blotting进行特异性分析,用提取的IgY抗体致敏聚苯乙烯乳胶,建立检测PBP2a的乳胶凝集方法.成功诱导并制备获得纯化的PBP2a蛋白,首次免疫后1月每枚鸡蛋提纯后可获得约48 mg IgY抗体,Western blotting结果显示IgY抗体能有效识别纯化的PBP2a蛋白;成功建立检测PBP2a的乳胶凝集法,敏感性达1 mg/L.抗MRSA- PBP2a鸡卵黄抗体具有较高的敏感性和特异性,基于其建立的乳胶凝集检测方法具有较好的灵敏性.     

抗肺炎支原体卵黄抗体的制备及其免疫特性

目的制备抗肺炎支原体卵黄抗体,并研究其免疫特异性。方法以超声粉碎法制备肺炎支原体抗原;以ELISA法测定卵黄抗体的效价及免疫特异性;以水稀释法联合疏水层析的方法分离纯化卵黄抗体;应用SDS-PAGE法测定分子量及鉴定抗体纯度;改良Lowry法测定蛋白含量。结果低、高剂量组均诱导母鸡产生有效免疫应答,高剂量组免疫效价高于低剂量组。高剂量组于初免疫后约50d抗体效价达高峰,持续约2个月;而低剂量组在初免疫后约60d抗体效价达高峰,持续约1个月。之后效价逐渐下降,在免疫约120d,高剂量组由13log2下降到10log2;而低剂量组则由11log2下降到7log2。以水稀释法联合疏水层析法制备了电泳纯抗肺炎支原体IgY,分子量约178KD,平均每1ml卵黄液可获得较纯抗体6.4mg。制备的IgY与肺炎支原体具有较高特异性,与解脲支原体和人型支原体无明显交叉反应,与生殖支原体有轻度的交叉反应。结论本研究初步制备了抗肺炎支原体卵黄抗体,为肺炎支原体的防治与检测提供新的途径。     

抗甲型流感鸡卵黄抗体的制备及效价测定

目的:研究抗甲型流感卵黄抗体的制备与纯化,并探讨其效价随免疫时间的变化关系。方法:用灭活甲型流感病毒复合抗原免疫蛋鸡,用PEG6000对卵黄抗体进行分离提取,SDS-PAGE法对其进行分子量测定,考马斯亮蓝法对其含量和纯度进行测定,用微量凝集法检测蛋鸡血清抗体和卵黄抗体的效价。结果:提取得到的卵黄抗体重链分子量为66 kDa、轻链分子量分26 kDa,每毫升卵黄液可得到纯度为95.80%的卵黄抗体9.98mg,回收率93.01%;高效价持续时间90 d以上;免疫蛋鸡血清和卵黄中3种特异性抗体的消长规律基本相似,但抗体水平之间存在明显的差异。结论:采用灭活甲型流感病毒复合抗原免疫蛋鸡可制备高效价、高纯度抗甲型流感卵黄抗体,为卵黄抗体在甲型流感防治中的应用研究奠定了基础。     

抗中华眼镜蛇毒鸡卵黄抗体的制备及其效价测定

目的探索免疫鸡制备高效价抗眼镜蛇毒抗体的新方法。方法用中华眼镜蛇原毒作抗原免疫22周龄的莱航母鸡,水溶法粗提抗体,DEAE Sepharos FF柱纯化,切向流超滤膜脱盐及浓缩,免疫电泳及双向免疫扩散法进行鉴定及效价测定,采用BCATMProte in Assay K it测定蛋白含量。结果鸡卵黄经水溶法的粗提物与中华眼镜蛇毒即有较明显沉淀反应,其效价随着纯度的提高而增强。将马源性抗血清的蛋白质含量调至与浓缩的IgY相同(2mg/m l),经双向免疫扩散及免疫电泳鉴定,该抗体不但对中华眼镜蛇毒有特异性结合,与孟加拉眼镜蛇毒亦有较强的交叉免疫活性,其效价较马抗眼镜蛇毒血清高4倍以上。结论用中华眼镜蛇原毒制备的IgY抗体,其效价较马抗血清有显著提高,并与孟加拉眼镜蛇毒有高度交叉免疫。本实验为抗眼镜蛇IgY的应用及其它抗蛇毒IgY的制备奠定了基础。     

鸡卵黄抗体IgY的分离纯化及鉴定

采用水溶稀释法结合硫酸钠二次盐析沉淀法分离纯化鸡卵黄中蛋白IgY,实验中比较了不同pH值的水溶稀释液对卵黄除脂效果的影响;并采用SDS-PAGE及western blotting对提取产物进行鉴定。结果显示,pH值5.2水溶稀释液除脂效果最好,IgY得率最高。实验优化了鸡卵黄抗体IgY分离纯化技术,得到的IgY产量高、纯度高,特异性强;此外,水溶稀释法制备IgY具有利用小体积样品获得大量蛋白及纯化效率高的优点。     

改良的硫酸铵沉淀法纯化大雁的卵黄抗体

目的 探索有效的纯化大雁卵黄抗体及高效价二抗的方法。方法 应用了PEG沉淀,阴离子交换柱,硫酸铵分级沉淀纯化,免疫制备二抗,免疫电泳和免疫双扩散法及western blotting进行效价的测定。结果 改良后的硫酸铵沉淀法的纯度远远高于PEG沉淀,相对于离子交换法而言更加简单方便,经济省时。从免疫电泳看已达到了电泳纯,大雁卵黄IgY的相对分子质量为180×10^3,重链约为66×10^3,轻链约为24×103。免疫获得的二抗有较强的免疫活性。结论 用改良的硫酸铵沉淀法纯化大雁卵黄抗体,效率和纯度显著提高,值得推广。本实验为大雁卵黄抗体及其二抗的应用奠定了基础,也为雁形目其他种类卵黄抗体的纯化提供了参考。     

兔抗麻雀IgY酶标抗体的制备

目的制备辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）标记的兔抗麻雀IgY抗体,为禽类血清学检测体系的建立提供技术储备。方法硫酸铵盐析法粗提麻雀血清IgY,进一步在SDS-PAGE上分离后,切下带有目的条带的凝胶作为免疫原,免疫实验兔制备抗血清,Protein-A柱亲和纯化兔抗IgY血清IgG,,使用改良过碘酸钠法制备酶结合物。ELISA检测酶标抗体的工作浓度,western blotting检测酶标抗体的特异性。结果硫酸铵盐析法粗提IgY,可去除部分杂蛋白,SDS-PAGE上分离后切下带有目的条带的凝胶,可以得到足够纯度的抗原,将带有IgY的凝胶作为抗原免疫后获得的抗血清经Protein-A纯化后,二抗在SDS-PAGE上鉴定,纯度达到99%以上。改良的过碘酸钠法标记获得的抗体浓度为1.008 mg/mL,ELISA检测酶标抗体效价为1∶1000。Western blotting鉴定抗体具有特异性。结论获得了优质可靠的兔抗麻雀IgY酶标抗体。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细