响应面法优化酶解辅助提取翅果油树叶总黄酮

利用酶辅助法对翅果油树(Elaeagnus mollis Diels)叶中总黄酮的提取工艺进行优化。在单因子试验结果的基础上,采用响应面法(RSM)研究了酶用量、酶解时间、pH值和酶解温度对翅果油树叶总黄酮提取得率的影响。结果表明:纤维素酶具有较好的酶解能力,当酶用量为6.5 mg.g-1,酶解时间为1.5 h,pH4.7,温度为46℃时,总黄酮得率达到7.1%。     

响应面法优化酶法提取枸杞多糖的研究

选用响应面法优化及正交实验法进行淀粉酶提取枸杞多糖实验设计及分析。通过单因素实验后,正交实验确定淀粉酶酶解提取枸杞多糖的最佳条件为:pH=5.0,温度50℃,时间80 min,加酶量为0.5%,枸杞多糖提取率12.1%;响应面分析确定淀粉酶酶解提取枸杞多糖的最佳条件为酶解温度49.56℃、酶解时间140 min、酶浓度0.3%,枸杞多糖提取率为13.25%。酶法提取枸杞多糖比传统热水浸提提高了枸杞多糖的提取率,反应条件温和,而且通过响应面法进行实验设计和优化比正交实验法能得到更高的枸杞多糖提取率。     

pH渐变条件下多酶分步连续酶解工艺制备鲟鱼硫酸软骨素与胶原蛋白肽

pH渐变条件下采用碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶和菠萝蛋白酶分步连续酶解鲟鱼软骨,同时制备鲟鱼硫酸软骨素和胶原蛋白肽。分别通过温度、酶解时间、酶用量3个单因素实验,研究其对连续酶解效果的影响。综合分析得出最佳条件：碱性蛋白酶酶解温度为45℃,酶解时间为2 h,酶用量为100 U·g^-1底物;木瓜蛋白酶的酶解温度为50℃,酶解时间为2 h,酶用量为50 U·g^-1底物;菠萝蛋白酶的酶解温度为50℃,酶解时间为2 h,酶用量为30 U·g^-1底物。该工艺条件下制备的鲟鱼硫酸软骨素提取率为85%,纯度93%,胶原蛋白肽的提取率为82%,纯度为90%。研究建立的pH渐变条件下多酶分步连续酶解工艺,产率与纯度较国内现有生产方法均有提高,且碱液使用量减少,避免了有机溶剂的引入,从而可以降低生产成本,减轻环境污染负担。     

响应面法优化纤维素酶提取草菇中甾醇类化合物的工艺

草菇具有抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗氧化等功效,为提高草菇中甾醇类成分的提取率,通过响应面法优化草菇中甾醇类化合物的提取工艺。根据Box-Benhnken设计原则,以酶解温度、酶解pH、酶浓度进行3因素3水平研究,使用磷硫铁显色法测定草菇中甾醇类化合物的含量并计算其提取率,通过Design-Expert. V 8.0.6软件分析获得最佳提取条件。结果表明:草菇中甾醇类化合物最佳提取条件为酶解温度64.75℃、酶质量浓度8.46 mg/mL、酶解pH 4.4,此时甾醇类化合物的提取率为1.401%。通过酶提取法提取后,草菇中甾醇类化合物的提取率增加,为草菇中活性成分的深入研究提供基础依据。     

酶法提取桑葚多糖的工艺研究

利用纤维素酶从桑葚中提取桑葚多糖,通过单因素实验和L9(34)正交实验研究酶用量、酶解时间、酶解温度对桑葚多糖提取率的影响。实验结果表明:纤维素酶能够显著提高桑椹多糖的提取率,并且提取温度是最重要的影响因素,其次是酶解时间,酶用量在此实验范围内对测定结果的影响最小,提取的最佳工艺条件为:酶解温度45℃,酶解时间150 min,酶用量4.0 mL。     

响应面优化纤维素酶辅助提取木豆叶总黄酮工艺

为探讨纤维素酶辅助提取木豆叶总黄酮最佳工艺条件,在单因素试验基础上,以酶用量、酶解温度、酶解时间和酶解pH为影响因子,总黄酮得率为响应值,采用Box-behnken中心组合设计建立4个影响因子与总黄酮得率关系的数学模型,进行响应面法分析。结果表明,纤维素酶辅助提取木豆叶总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为：酶用量为8.65 mg,酶解温度为33.88℃,酶解时间为2.02 h,酶解pH为5.02。在最优条件下总黄酮理论得率为4.86%,实测值为4.88%,拟合得到的模型与实际吻合良好。本研究建立的提取工艺条件稳定可靠,为以后木豆叶总黄酮的应用开发提供实验依据。     

响应面优化裂褶菌多糖酶解工艺及抑菌研究

探索了裂褶菌多糖酶解法提取工艺及酶解产物抑菌的作用。分别从p H、酶解时间、酶解温度和加酶量4个因素考察了对裂褶菌多糖提取率的影响,通过响应面分析进行裂褶菌多糖提取工艺条件的优化。结果表明,在液体果胶酶p H为5.5、酶解时间1.2h、酶解温度50℃、加酶量1%时裂褶菌多糖提取率达54.76%;以大肠杆菌、假单胞菌为供试菌株,通过抑制率来反映其抑菌效果,结果表明裂褶菌多糖对大肠杆菌、假单胞菌有一定的抑制作用。     

杏鲍菇黄酮提取工艺的优化

研究了利用超声波辅助复合酶法提取杏鲍菇黄酮的最优条件。在单因素试验的基础上,固定其他影响因素,选择料液比、超声时间、酶解温度和酶解pH进行四因素三水平的正交试验。结果表明：料液比为1∶50 （g/mL）、超声时间为6 min、酶解温度为50℃、酶解pH为54的条件下,获得的黄酮提取率最高,可达3352%。     

糖化酶酶解米渣纯化米蛋白的工艺

研究了糖化酶酶解米渣纯化米蛋白的实验条件:液固比、酶解时间、pH、温度和酶量。通过正交实验优化了酶解主要条件,得到糖化酶水解米渣最佳条件:液固比5:1,时间3 h,pH 4.0,温度65℃和酶量30 U.g-1。在最佳条件下实验,米蛋白的提取率为81.3%,纯度为76.8%。     

响应面法优化红景天总黄酮提取工艺的研究

研究了红景天中总黄酮提取率的影响因素,先经单因素实验初步确定影响因素,再用Box-Behnken响应面法建立影响因素的二次回归模型,通过对二次回归模型求解编码转换得知,液料比40:1(ml/g),酶添加量1.2%,酶解时间4.5 h,酶解温度45℃,pH5,超声时间为12 min,超声功率为250w中的高档,超声次数为3次,在这最优条件下总黄酮提取率为3.99%。     

水酶法提取紫苏籽油脂工艺

采用中心组合设计(CCD)-响应面(RSM)优化紫苏籽油脂的水酶法提取工艺。在单因素试验的基础上采用中心组合设计方法,研究了酶的种类、酶解温度、pH、液(mL)固(g)比、加酶量、以及时间相互作用对紫苏油脂提取率的影响。结果显示,拟合得到方程显著,确定的紫苏油脂提取最优条件为:碱性蛋白酶在pH9.5条件下液(mL)固(g)比9.97∶1、加酶量2.75%、温度56.1℃、时间5.25h,该条件下紫苏油脂的提取率可达到37.65%,与理论值38.3%十分接近,建立的模型真实可靠,确定了紫苏油脂的最佳提取工艺。经气相色谱检测紫苏籽油中含有棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、α-亚麻酸等脂肪酸,水酶法提取紫苏油脂的α-亚麻酸相对含量最高67.9%,且相对溶剂法及冷榨法理化指标最好。     

葵花籽油的酶辅助压榨制备工艺优化

葵花籽是一种优质的油料资源,是世界第四大油料作物。葵花籽不但含油量高,葵花籽油以其高达90%的不饱和脂肪酸和富含维生素E、胡萝卜素等营养成分的特点,被称为"保健油",有延缓衰老、调节新陈代谢和降低胆固醇等功能。采用酶辅助压榨法制备葵花籽油,在提高出油率的同时保留油脂的天然风味。通过单因素实验法研究了酶的种类、酶添加量、pH值、液固比、温度和时间对压榨葵花籽油出油率的影响,以确定最佳的工艺条件。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为：选用纤维素酶,酶添加量为0.7%,pH为4.5,液固比为25%,酶解温度为55℃,酶解时间为2.5 h。在此最佳条件下,出油率是传统冷榨法的3.48倍,油脂提取率达85%。     

Expression and characterization of recombinant Rhizopus oryzae lipase for enzymatic biodiesel production

The Rhizopus oryzae lipase containing prosequence was expressed in Pichia pastoris. Recombinant lipase subunit showed a molecular mass of 32 kDa. The maximum activity of recombinant lipase obtained from Mut(s) recombinant was 90 IU/ml. The enzyme was stable in broad ranges of temperatures and pH, with the optimal temperature at 35 °C and pH 7.0. The crude recombinant R. oryzae lipase can be directly used for the transesterification of plant oils at high-water content of 60-100% (w/w) based on oil weight. The addition of 80% water to the transesterification systems resulted in the yield of methyl ester of 95%, 94% and 92% after 72 h using soybean oil, Jatropha curcas seed raw oil and Pistacia chinensis seed raw oil as raw material, respectively. These results indicate that the recombinant lipase is an effective biocatalyst for enzymatic biodiesel production.     

酶法破碎裂殖壶菌提取胞内油脂

采用酶法破碎裂殖壶菌提取胞内油脂,进行单因素实验和正交实验优化酶解反应条件,酶解反应的影响因素主次顺序依次为酶用量、温度、时间、pH,最佳酶解工艺参数:55 ℃、pH 9.5、搅拌反应2.5 h、酶用量为菌体生物量的2%.在该条件下,胞内油脂的提取量高达(81.53±0.33) g/L,过氧化值仅为0.15,酸价为0.24.     

The effect of adlay oil on plasma lipids, insulin and leptin in rat.

This study was designed to investigate the effect of dietary adlay oil on plasma lipids, insulin and lipid peroxidation levels in rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats fed diet containing adlay oil and cholesterol were studied for 4 weeks. The animals were divided into three groups: (1) 10% lard (control) group; (2) 5% lard + 5% adlay oil (5% adlay oil) group; and (3) 10% adlay oil group. Although there was no significant difference in body weight at the end of the feeding study, rats fed a diet containing adlay oil showed a significant decrease in adipose tissue weight and relative adipose weight. In addition, the rats fed the adlay oil showed significantly decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), insulin, leptin and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentrations after 4 weeks of the feeding study. Although a significant decrease in total plasma cholesterol was observed in rats fed the 5% adlay oil diet, no significant difference was observed between the 10% adlay oil and control groups, and neither was a significant difference in liver TBARS concentration found between the dietary groups. Results from this study suggest that dietary adlay oil can reduce leptin, adipose tissue and LDL-C levels in rats.     

苦参种子深加工过程油脂类副产物发酵产灵菌红素的研究

为提升苦参资源的利用效率,本研究以苦参种子提取生物碱过程中产生的副产物油脂类物质为研究对象,筛选可利用苦参种子废弃油脂生产灵菌红素的菌株并优化其发酵工艺。利用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS /MS对纯化后的发酵产物进行分析,并通过单因素考察和响应面优化获得菌株利用苦参种子油发酵产灵菌红素的最佳工艺参数。筛选到的菌株经形态和16S rDNA测序鉴定为粘质沙雷氏菌,并命名为粘质沙雷氏菌L9。优化的最佳发酵工艺条件为:苦参种子油、牛肉膏和氯化钙的最佳浓度分别为13 g/L、9.5 g/L及0.3 g/L,温度30℃;在最佳发酵工艺条件下,灵菌红素最高产量约为317.21 mg/L,产率提高约3.2倍。本研究以苦参种子深加工过程产生的副产物为研究对象,对其油脂类成分进行资源化利用研究,在有效处置苦参种子固废物的同时产生灵菌红素高附加值产品,为以种子类药材深加工过程固废物的资源化利用提供了借鉴。     

Effect of processing on the recovery of recombinant beta-glucuronidase (rGUS) from transgenic canola

This study addresses the processing of transgenic canola seed for production of recombinant proteins by using beta-glucuronidase (rGUS) as a model protein. The major processing steps that were investigated included dry and wet grinding of the seed, solvent extraction of canola oil, and protein extraction. rGUS in canola seed was stable for at least 2 weeks of incubation at 38 degrees C and for more than 5 months at 10 degrees C. At 70 degrees C, the residual activity changed inversely to the initial moisture content of the seed. The comparison of wet and dry processing revealed no significant differences in protein recovery. rGUS was stable during the defatting of transgenic canola flakes with hexane at 66 degrees C, whereas 2-propanol extraction at the same temperature reduced the extractable enzyme activity by almost 50%. The particle size of the ground seed was important for the extraction efficiency. A faster extraction and greater protein yield was achieved by extracting particles with an average diameter equal to or smaller than 255 microm. More than 80% rGUS was extracted in one stage with sodium phosphate buffer of pH 7.5.     

氮磷钾配比与用量对湘杂油763产量和经济效益的影响

为了筛选出冬油菜新品种"湘杂油763"在湖南油菜主产区推广的适宜氮磷钾配比及用量,于2008—2010年连续进行了2次该品种的氮磷钾配比及用量的大田小区试验,研究了不同氮磷钾配比及用量对其生物产量、籽粒产量、油分产量和经济效益的影响。结果表明:氮磷钾配比(N:P2O5:K2O)为1:0.50:0.50(处理B)和氮磷钾配比(N:P2O5:K2O)为1:0.43:0.57(处理G)的处理籽粒产量较高,分别达到2231和2065kg.hm-2,处理B显著高于除G外的其他处理;氮磷钾3种养分中,以氮肥对提高油菜籽粒产量的作用最大,其次为磷肥,作用最小者为钾肥;油分产量及植株生物产量变化规律与籽粒产量基本一致;按照处理B配比,籽粒产值为9816.97元.hm-2、施肥仅1641.23元.hm-2、施肥效益为6741.34元.hm-2,产投比达4.11;研究区域内N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.50:0.50,用量分别180(N)、90(P2O5)和90kg.hm-2(K2O)为较适宜施肥比例及用量。     

鲜鹿茸酶降解过程的研究

研究了胰蛋白酶、Alcalase 碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶对鲜鹿茸的降解过程,确定了优化降解工艺条件,具有一定的理论意义和实践价值。确定了Alcalase 碱性蛋白酶的降解效率最高,通过单因素实验确定了降解过程中底物浓度、酶解温度、pH值和酶解时间为影响鲜鹿茸降解率的主要因素。正交试验确定最佳的酶解条件为:底物浓度0.08 g/ml、酶解温度65 ℃、pH 9.0、酶解时间6.0 h。在此条件下,鲜鹿茸降解率高达92.6%,氨基酸产品收率达12.1%。     

Preparation of PVA/chitosan lipase membrane reactor and its application in synthesis of monoglyceride

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/chitosan (CS) composite lipase membrane was prepared in this paper, which was used for enzymatic processing of fats and oils. The parameters, such as concentration of lipase, pH, and cross-linking agent as well as metal ions, which influence the immobilization of lipase in membrane, were optimized. The immobilized activity of lipase was 2.64 IU/cm² with recovery of 24%. The membrane reactor was used in a two-phase system reaction to synthesize monoglyceride (MG) by hydrolysis of palm oil, which was reused for at least nine batches with yield of 32–50%.