Bacillus sublitis JH-1木聚糖酶的纯化及酶学性质

对枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus sublitis JH-1胞外木聚糖酶的纯化及酶学性质进行了研究。通过(NH4)2SO4分级沉淀法、透析除盐、DEAE-Sepharose FF弱阴离子交换层析等方法,从枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus sublitis JH-1发酵液中分离纯化得到了电泳纯的木聚糖酶,其相对分子质量为3.45×104,比活力为75 899.68 U/mg。酶学性质研究结果表明:该酶的最适p H为6.0,在最适p H条件下保温2 h后仍能保持75%的活力,而p H越高,活力下降越快,表明为酸性木聚糖酶;最适温度为55℃,在50~60℃保温2 h后仍具有70%左右相对较高的活性,说明该酶具有较强的耐高温性;Fe2+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Zn2+、Ba2+和低浓度(5 mmol/L)的Fe3+对酶的活性有促进作用,而Mn2+和高浓度(10mmol/L)的Fe3+对酶的活性有抑制作用。     

黑曲霉X-1产木聚糖酶液体发酵工艺研究

目的:提高黑曲霉X-1菌株液体发酵木聚糖酶的产量.方法:采用单因素和正交试验对黑曲霉X-1菌株产木聚糖酶液体发酵培养基和培养条件进行了优化.结果:通过正交试验找出最大影响因素为玉米芯和葡萄糖的供应,优化后的最佳培养基和培养条件为:玉米芯粉3%,葡萄糖0.5%,蛋白胨1%,KH2PO4 0.5%,MgSO4·7HO 0.1%,Tween-80 0.‰,pH 6.5,30℃、200r/min摇瓶培养120h.结论:黑曲霉X-1菌株在优化后的培养基和培养条件下,木聚糖酶活力高达1 630.78U,比优化前木聚糖酶活力(724.63U)提高了125.05%.     

短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus) WHK4以羽毛粉为底物产蛋白酶条件的优化

探索Bacillus pumilusWHK4以羽毛粉为底物产酶的最佳条件和最佳培养基组成。以羽毛粉发酵培养基为基础,首先采用单因子试验考察底物浓度、初始pH、接种量、外加碳源、外加氮源对WHK4产酶活力的影响。在单因子试验的基础上采用正交试验设计对底物浓度、温度、初始pH、接种量、外加(NH4)2SO4、外加麦芽糖进行优化。结果显示:Bacillus pumilusWHK4最佳的产酶条件为初始pH7.38,菌龄16 h,接种量5%,37℃。最佳的培养基组成为:1 L基础发酵培养基,40.0 g羽毛粉,10.0 g(NH4)2SO4和10.0 g麦芽糖。在优化的条件下Bacillus pumilusWHK4 24 h产蛋白酶活力为每毫升90 U。对培养条件和培养基的优化为Bacillus pumilusWHK4产蛋白酶的分离纯化奠定了基础。     

ARTP诱变选育鼠李糖脂高产菌及鼠李糖脂促进枯草芽孢杆菌产纤维素酶的研究

旨在选育鼠李糖脂高产菌株,以实验室筛选的产鼠李糖脂的Pseudomonas aeruginosa C3为出发菌株进行常压室温等离子体诱变(ARTP),选育出一株高产突变株Pseudomonas aeruginosa SC-11,产量比出发菌株提高了74.1%。进一步对产鼠李糖脂的摇瓶发酵培养基和发酵条件进行了优化,优化后的鼠李糖脂产量达42 g/L,底物转化率达到0.7 g/g底物。添加0.01%鼠李糖脂到Bacillus subtilis CL产羧甲基纤维素酶与木聚糖酶的培养基中,羧甲基纤维素酶活与木聚糖酶活分别提高12.9%和18.3%。研究表明,鼠李糖脂通过增加细胞通透性来提高胞外酶产量。     

产木聚糖酶枯草芽孢杆菌构建及表达条件优化

枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)具有很强的分泌能力,产酶能力强,属于食品级安全微生物.以枯草芽孢杆菌为宿主菌异源表达木聚糖酶,采用同源重组的方法将木聚糖酶基因连接到载体pWB980上,构建表达载体pWB980-xynZF-2,电击转化枯草芽孢杆菌WB600,获得重组工程菌WB600-pWB980-xynZF-2.对重组工程菌进行单因素发酵条件优化和正交试验.结果表明:重组枯草芽孢杆菌摇瓶发酵的最适接种量1％、种龄14 h、装液量50 mL、温度34℃,转速160 r/min、发酵时间192 h.在摇瓶发酵条件下,木聚糖酶产量可达到0.168 U/mL.     

毛壳霉CQ31的鉴定及固体发酵产木聚糖酶条件的优化

从土壤中筛选出一株产木聚糖酶的真菌CQ31, 经鉴定后命名为毛壳霉CQ31。该菌能够利用几种农业废弃物固体发酵高产木聚糖酶, 玉米杆为最佳碳源。单因素优化试验表明: 以玉米杆为碳源, 胰蛋白胨为氮源, 初始水分含量80%, 初始pH值9.0为最佳产酶条件。在优化后的条件下培养7 d产木聚糖酶水平高达4897 U/g干基碳源, 此时甘露聚糖酶酶活达803 U/g干基碳源。因此, 毛壳霉CQ31固体发酵产木聚糖酶和甘露聚糖酶具有一定的工业化应用前景。     

甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillus methylotrophicus)发酵产蛋白酶培养基的双响应面优化

对甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillus methylotrophicus KC790303.1)产蛋白酶的培养基组成进行优化,以达到菌株生长良好、蛋白酶活力提高的目的。在单因素试验的基础上通过双响应面优化确定发酵培养基各成分的配比。结果表明,发酵培养基的成分及其浓度(m/V)为:葡萄糖2.95%、大豆蛋白胨1.30%和Ca Cl20.20%,此时菌体生长状态良好,所产蛋白酶活力最终达到312.98 U/m L,较之前提高了21.5%。在摇瓶发酵条件下的培养基优化研究为工业发酵放大提供理论基础。     

短小芽胞杆菌产碱性木聚糖酶发酵条件的研究

碱性木聚糖酶在碱性条件下催化水解木聚糖,广泛应用于造纸、纺织等领域.着重对短小芽胞杆菌M-11产碱性木聚糖酶的发酵条件进行初步的探索.研究了菌株的生长曲线、确定最佳接种龄为16 h、最佳接种量为1％;确定最适碳源浓度为7％、最适单一氮源为氯化铵、其浓度为1.0％、最适无机盐为氯化铁、其浓度为3 mmol/L;在此基础之上进行6因素3水平的正交试验,确定最适产酶培养基组成:麸皮5％,接种量3％,氯化铵1.2％,氯化铁3.5 mmol/L,硫酸镁0.03％,氯化钠5 mmol/L,磷酸氢二钾0.4％;最适培养条件:接种龄16 h,初始pH 8.0,温度37℃,300 mL摇瓶装液量50 mL,摇床转速220 r/min,发酵周期48 h.通过对发酵条件的优化使发酵液酶活达613 IU/mL.无机氮源为其最适氮源,因此短小芽胞杆菌M-11在碱性木聚糖酶的产品开发上优于短小芽胞杆菌M -26.     

木聚糖酶高产菌株的鉴定及产酶条件的优化

目的:通过了解木聚糖酶高产菌株A79的遗传背景.并优化其产木聚糖酶的液体发酵条件,为下一步工业化生产和木聚糖酶制剂的研制奠定基础.方法:通过形态观察和18S rDNA基因的分子系统进化分析,对菌株A79进行鉴定;通过单因素和均匀设计试验,优化其产胞外木聚糖酶的液体发酵条件.结果:通过对18S rDNA基因的分子系统进化分析,菌株A79被鉴定为黑曲霉(Asperillus niger A79).其最佳产酶培养基为:玉米芯5.0%,麸皮0.5%.纤维物质1.O%,玉米浆1.1%.(NH4)2SO40.8%,蛋白胨0.8%,CaCO3 0.5%,KH2PO4 0.23%,MgSO4,·7H2O 0.08%,微量元素(MaIldels)0.08%,pH自然.最佳发酵条件为:接种量5%(2.0×107),28℃、250r/min振荡培养96h.结论:经优化培养,酶活力由前期的50 000u/ml提高到90000u/ml,增加了近50%.     

离子注入选育高产木聚糖酶黑曲霉及其发酵条件研究

以黑曲霉A3为出发菌,利用离子注入技术选育出一株遗传性状稳定的木聚糖酶高产突变株AN497,其产酶水平较出发菌从野生型A3菌株的405.6IU/ml提高到586.2IU/ml,即酶产量增加了44.5%;对高产菌进行发酵条件优化,发现以玉米芯粉为主要碳源、用蔗糖代替葡萄糖作为附加碳源,对木聚糖酶的发酵具有明显的促进作用;采用复合的无机氮源 (NH4)2SO4和NaNO3,(1: 2)浓度以10g/L为宜;菌株对发酵通氧量具有较高的要求,摇瓶转速在230r/min时的产酶水平较200r/min要高;通过发酵条件的优化,高产菌株的产酶活力最高可达671.1IU/mL,比出发菌株的产酶量提高了65.5%。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细