纳他霉素发酵培养基及发酵条件的优化

采用Plackett-Burman法、最陡爬坡实验和响应面实验(Box-Behnken设计法)相结合的方法对褐黄孢链霉菌合成纳他霉素的发酵培养基及发酵条件进行优化。结果表明,培养基中的蛋白胨、pH和摇瓶装液量是影响纳他霉素产量的主要因素。优化后的培养基组成为葡萄糖50 g/L、蛋白胨19.5 g/L、酵母粉7 g/L、pH 7.4~7.5;发酵条件为装液量60 mL/500 mL、接种量15%、发酵温度29℃、摇床转速200 r/min、发酵周期96 h。此条件下,纳他霉素的产量较优化前提高了94%,达到2.19 g/L。     

一株竹黄无性型菌株液态发酵产竹红菌素的初步研究

从野生竹黄子座中分离获得能产生竹红菌素的无性型菌株ZH-5-1,经液态发酵培养及摇瓶正交试验确定最佳培养基配方和培养条件:葡萄糖30g/L,蛋白胨5g/L,NaNO3 10g/L,KCl 1.5g/L,MgSO4 1.5g/L,KH2PO4 2g/L,pH 值6.0,装液量100/250 mL(V/V),接种量10%(V/V),培养温度28℃,摇床转速130 r/min,培养周期96h.     

赭曲霉的高密度培养对坎利酮转化的影响

目的:研究赭曲霉高密度培养的发酵培养基及条件,实现坎利酮的高转化.方法:选取廉价易得的培养基成分并进行优化,同时对发酵条件进行优化,得到了最优发酵培养基配方及培养条件.结果:发酵培养基最优配方为:葡萄糖20g/L,玉米浆20g/L,酵母膏20g/L,K2HPO4 2.5g/L.种子液最佳培养时间为24h,发酵培养基初始pH 5.8,接种量为8%,装液量200mL/1000mL,摇床转速为180 r/min,28℃,底物投料时间24h,发酵结束时间72 h.结论:将该工艺在7L发酵罐中放大,菌体密度达到25.36g/L,11α羟基坎利酮的转化率为86.1%.     

发酵性丝孢酵母(Trichosporon fermentans)发酵产油脂的研究

通过摇瓶发酵,考察了碳源浓度、氮源种类和浓度对发酵性丝孢酵母(Trichosporonfermentans)发酵产油脂的影响,对发酵产油脂条件的初步优化结果为:在葡萄糖100 g/L、蛋白胨1.8 g/L、初始pH 7.0的培养基中,以10%的接种量,于33℃、190 r/min的摇床上发酵120 h,可得菌体生物量为18.2 g/L,干细胞的油脂含量为68.5%。     

D-核糖发酵条件研究

对枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis ptn15-1的发酵条件进行优化。采用优化后的培养基对发酵液的pH、发酵温度、摇床转速、接种量、装液量等进行单因素实验。确定发酵最适发酵条件为：pH7.0,发酵温度37℃;摇床转速180r/min,接种量10%,300mL三角瓶装30mL发酵液,发酵时间为68h。在此条件下,该菌的D-核糖产量从31.7g/L提高到43.1g/L,提高了35.9%。     

产几丁质酶菌株S68-CM5产酶条件优化研究

为提高黏质沙雷氏菌株S68-CM5产几丁质酶能力,对产酶发酵条件进行优化研究。利用Plackett-Burman设计和响应面法对培养基和发酵条件进行摸索。结果显示,获得最佳发酵产酶培养基:胶体几丁质1.5%,牛肉膏7 g/L,酵母膏2 g/L,葡萄糖8 g/L,氯化钠3.5 g/L,蛋白胨2 g/L,磷酸氢二钾3.5 g/L;最佳产酶培养条件为:p H6.88,温度27.32℃,摇床转数155.82r/min,培养时间60 h,接种量1%,装液量50 m L/250 m L。优化后产酶量达到7.131 U/m L,比优化前产酶量提高了1.43倍。     

FGF21(L~(59)R)突变体基因工程菌发酵表达条件的优化

本研究对影响FGF21(L~(59)R)突变体基因工程菌发酵条件的因素进行了优化。采用正交试验确定FGF21(L~(59)R)突变体基因工程菌的最佳LB培养基配方,利用SDS-PAGE电泳检测不同发酵条件对FGF21(L~(59)R)突变体蛋白表达情况。LB培养基最佳配比(g/L):蛋白胨11,酵母粉6,氯化钠10,葡萄糖1;在此基础上优化基因工程菌发酵条件,确定LB培养基p H 6.5~7.2,装液量(溶解氧)20%,菌体密度(A_(600))1.0,IPTG浓度0.6 mmol/L,37℃条件下诱导5 h,突变体蛋白的表达量由优化前的12%提高至35%。结果表明,培养基配方、p H、装液量(溶解氧)、菌体密度(A_(600))、IPTG浓度、温度、诱导时间均对FGF21(L~(59)R)突变体基因工程菌表达量有影响。     

人胰高血糖素样肽-1突变体融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中的自诱导表达优化

考察了在大肠杆菌中自诱导表达人胰高血糖素样肽-1突变体融合蛋白的可行性,并对自诱导培养条件及培养基成分进行优化,以提高蛋白产量。实验结果表明,最优培养基成分为蛋白胨19.17g/L,酵母膏9.59g/L,Na2HPO45.72g/L,KH2PO45.48g/L,(NH4)2SO42.66g/L,NaCl3.33g/L,甘油2%(V/V),葡萄糖0.68g/L,乳糖6.33g/L,MgSO40.24g/L。在温度33°C、接种量1%、pH7、装瓶量20mL/100mL培养条件下,用该最优培养基自诱导表达人胰高血糖素样肽-1突变体融合蛋白的产量可达348.6mg/L。     

α-氯丙酸脱卤酶发酵条件研究

以从厌氧污泥中分离筛选获得的对α-氯丙酸有高效脱卤能力的微生物菌株W20为出发菌株,对其发酵生产脱卤酶的工艺进行了研究。其产脱卤酶培养基组成为:葡萄糖20.0 g/L,尿素1.0 g/L,酵母膏0.5 g/L,Na2HPO4.12H2O 3.2 g/L,KH2PO41.5 g/L,无水MgSO40.098 g/L,微量元素液10 mL/L,维生素溶液5.0 mL/L。产酶条件为:接种量10%,培养基初始pH7.0,培养温度30℃,装液量80 mL/250 mL摇瓶,摇床转速180 r/min。在以上获得的培养基和培养条件下培养48 h后测酶活,脱卤酶活力达到8.76 U/g干菌体,比在原始条件下提高约10倍。     

重组大肠杆菌产γ-环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶的摇瓶发酵优化

为了实现来源于碱性芽孢杆菌Alkalophilic Bacillus clarkii 7364的γ-环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶的高效胞外表达,对OmpA信号肽介导的E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET20b(+)-γcgt基因工程菌进行发酵培养基及发酵条件的优化,并进行正交试验,获得最优培养基:甘油5g/L、蛋白胨6g/L、酵母膏24g/L、钙离子6mmol/L、镁离子2mmol/L、甘氨酸0.75%、PO₄^3- 0.1mol/L;在此基础上最适发酵条件:pH6.5、25℃培养、装液量30ml/250ml、转速220r/min、0.02%SDS、在发酵10h时利用5g/L乳糖进行诱导,使得酶活从初始的5189.2U/ml提高到20268.8U/ml。研究结果得到高效表达的培养条件,为实现该酶的工业化应用打下了基础。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细