侵染花生的黄瓜花叶病毒CA株核酸全序列分析

对侵染花生的黄瓜花叶病毒CA(CMV-CA)株系进行克隆和序列分析.CMV-CA RNA1全长3 356个核苷酸(nt),编码分子量为111kDa 的1a 蛋白;RNA2全长3045nt,编码分子量为96.7kDa 的2a蛋白和13.1kDa的2b蛋白;RNA3全长2219nt,编码分子量为30.5kDa的3a蛋白和分子量为24kDa的外壳蛋白(CP).序列同源性比较表明,CMV-CA RNA1、2、3与CMV亚组IA CMV-Fny、亚组IB CMV-SD、亚组II CMV-Q 株系序列同源性,RNA1分别为91.3%、91.1%和76.5%,RNA2分别为92.1%、90%和71.2%,RNA3分别为96.1%、92.6%和74.5%;与同属花生矮化病毒(Peanut stunt virus,PSV) RNA1、2、3序列同源性分别为67.1%、58.2%和55.7%.上述研究未发现CMV-CA基因组与PSV RNA链的重组,CMV-CA对花生的侵染应是该株系适应于花生的遗传变异、长期进化的结果;对RNA3 5′NTR结构分析以及RNA3 5′NTR和 CP 系统进化树分析表明,CMV-CA属CMV IB亚组.     

黄瓜花叶病毒山东株(CMV\|SD)RNA2全长cDNA克隆的构建及全序列分析

分别利用5’RACE和3’RACE确定了CMV\|SD RNA2的5’和 3’末端序列,在此基础上,利用RTPCR得到了RNA2的5’端一半的cDNA克隆pC25和3’端一 半的cDNA克隆pC23,并通过拼接构建了RNA2全长cDNA克隆pC2F。通过对pC25和pC23进行序列 测定,得到了RNA2的全序列。序列分析结果表明CMVSD RNA2由3048nt组成,其中存在2个 部分重叠的阅读框ORF1(79～2652nt)和ORF2(2414～2746nt),分别编码858aa的2a蛋白和111 aa的2b蛋白,并在2a蛋白的序列中发现了动植物病毒复制酶所特有的两个保守序列。该株系 RNA2核苷酸序列与分属CMV I亚组的Fny株系和II亚组的Q株系RNA2的核苷酸序列同源性分别 为917%和756%;2a蛋白的氨基酸序列同源性分别为938%和677%,2b蛋白的氨基酸序 列同源性分别为830%和513%。同源性比较的结果表明SD株系属于CMV I亚组。     

黄瓜花叶病毒香蕉株系(CMV-Xb)RNA3 cDNA的克隆和序列分析

通过RT-PCR方法,设计两对引物,克隆了黄瓜花叶病毒香蕉株系(CMV-Xb)RNA3,并进行了核苷酸和蛋白质水平上的分析.结果表明Xb株系RNA3全长2205nt,具有两个蛋白编码阅读框架(ORF),其中5'端(97～936nt)编码一个279aa的3a蛋白;3'端(1225～1871nt)编码一个218aa的CP蛋白.5'非编码区域为96nt;基因间隔区(IR)长288nt;3'NR含有324nt.通过与亚组Ⅱ其它株系RNA3核苷酸和所编码产物推导的氨基酸序列分析发现,亚组Ⅱ株系无论在编码区还是非编码区的核苷酸同源性都相对较高;亚组Ⅱ株系在进化过程中具有连续性.     

黄瓜花叶病毒香蕉株系（CMV—Xb）RNA3cDNA的克隆和序列分析

通过PR－PCR方法,设计两对引物,克隆了黄瓜花叶病毒香蕉株系（CMV-Xb)RNA3,并进行了核苷酸和蛋白质水平上的分析,结果表明Xb株系RNA3全长2205nt,具有两个蛋白编码阅读框型架（ORF）,其中5'端（97－936nt)编码一个279aa的3a蛋白;3'端（1225－1871nt)编码一个2188aa的CP蛋白。5'非编码域为96nt;其因间隔区（IR）长288nt;3'NR含有324nt。通过与亚组Ⅱ其它株系RNA3核苷酸和所编码产物推导的氨基酸序列分析发现,亚组Ⅱ株系无论在编码区还是非编码区的核苷酸同源性都相对较高;亚组Ⅱ株系在进化过程中具有连续性。     

黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒辽宁分离物全基因组序列测定

以感病组织总RNA为模板,采用RT-PCR方法扩增并测定黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒(Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus,CGMMV)辽宁分离物(CGMMV-LN)的基因组全序列。CGMMV-LN基因组全长6 422 nt,5'非编码区(noncoding region,NCR)和3'NCR分别为59 nt和175 nt。CGMMV-LN编码的4个蛋白依次是186 kD和129kD的复制酶,29 kD的移动蛋白和17.4 kD的外壳蛋白。CGMMV-LN与其他4个CGMMV分离物基因组核苷酸序列同源性为97.6%～99.3%,与同属其他3种病毒基因组核苷酸序列同源性仅为61.7%～62.8%。基于186kD复制酶和外壳蛋白氨基酸序列的同源树显示:侵染葫芦科作物的烟草花叶病毒属病毒可分为2个亚组,亚组I包括所有CGMMV分离物,亚组II包括Kyuri绿斑驳花叶病毒(Kyuri green mottle mosaic virus,KGMMV)、黄瓜果实斑驳花叶病毒(Cucumber fruit mottle mosaic virus,CFMMV)和小西葫芦绿斑驳花叶病毒(Zucchini ...     

马尾松毛虫CPV基因组S7的序列分析及部分序列的原核表达

马尾松毛虫质多角体病毒(湖南株)基因组S7节段(AY180908)cDNA克隆及序列分析结果表明S7由1501个碱基组成,编码由448个氨基酸组成的分子量为49.8 kDa的多肽P50.5′末端和3′末端具有5′-AGTAA-3′和5′-GTTAGCC-3′末端保守序列.该基因组与舞毒蛾质多角体病毒1型和家蚕质多角体病毒1型S7节段有很高的同源性,核苷酸序列同源性分别为97.2%和87.0%,氨基酸序列同源性分别为98.7%和92.8%.P50多肽与人型支原体的 DnaK样蛋白在C-末端有相似性.本文报道了编码P50 C259的cDNA序列的克隆并作了原核表达,当用1.0 mmol/L IPTG 诱导2h,分子量约为37.3 kDa的融合蛋白在大肠杆菌BL21中得到大量表达.     

大豆花叶病毒黄淮5号株系的基因组全序列分析

测定了大豆花叶病毒(SMV)我国黄淮5号(Y5)株系的基因组全序列.该病毒基因组全长9*!585个核苷酸,3′-末端具poly(A)尾,包含单一开放读码框,编码一个349.2kD的多聚蛋白.基因组全序列和美国SMV G2和G7株系的核苷酸同源性分别为97.4%和96.9%.多聚蛋白酶解后产生马铃薯Y病毒属典型的10个成熟蛋白.Y5、G2和G7 3个株系的不同成熟蛋白间氨基酸序列的同源性为89.6%～100%.多重比较分析表明,Y5株系P1蛋白N-末端区域与G2和G7存在明显差异.进一步分析显示,这3个株系的6K1、6K2、NIa-Pro、NIa-VPg、NIb蛋白中心区域和CP蛋白高度保守,P1蛋白N-末端,CI和P3蛋白C-末端以及HC-Pro蛋白变异较大,但是美国G2和G7株系已报道序列P1蛋白区域存在可能的测序错误.     

甜菜坏死黄脉病毒RNA4 cDNA克隆、序列分析及其编码蛋白基因在大肠杆菌中的表达

以甜菜坏死黄脉病毒(Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus,简称BNYVV)内蒙分离物(NM)RNA为模板,通过反转录和PCR扩增得到了BNYVV RNA4基因组的cDNA克隆pGBF6。序列分析结果表明,pGBF6含有全长RNA4 cDNA插入片段,大小为1465个核苷酸,含有一个849个核苷酸的开放阅读框架,编码产生由282个氨基酸组成的分子量为31kDa的蛋白。与法国F2分离物RNA4相比,其核苷酸序列和由此推导的氨基酸序列同源性分别为97.1％和96.4％,并在5'端非编码区比F2分离物缺失了3个核苷酸。将RNA4编码区cDNA克隆到原核表达载体pFLAG·MAC上,获得融合蛋白表达质粒pFMBF87。所构建的融合蛋白由载体序列编码的14个氨基酸和31kDa蛋白C端的233个氨基酸组成。经IPTG诱导,Westem blotting分析表明,该融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中得到高效表达。本文还对内蒙分离物的株系划分进行了讨论。     

甘蔗花叶病毒3’末端基因的克隆及外壳蛋白序列分析比较

选取我国SCMV优势株系A株系的分离物SCMV-CA为材料,经过病毒和病毒RNA的提纯,反转录获得病毒cDNA,并克隆到载体pUC19的SmaI位点上,筛选得到多个重组质粒。选取其中一个克隆SCMV-CA54进行测序,得到一个全长为1296 bp的核苷酸序列。这段序列由一个长为1044 bp的开放阅读框架（ORF）和一个长279 bp的3’末端非编码区序列（3'-UTR）及poly(A)尾巴组成。这个ORF包括病毒完整的外壳蛋白（CP）及部分核内含体蛋白b（NIb）基因序列。将所得序列同已知SCMV亚组中各株系分离物的核苷酸和氨基酸进行同源性比较,结果表明该序列与其它株系分离物CP核苷酸序列的同源性介于63.7%～77.6%之间,氨基酸的同源性介于64%～89%之间。根据马铃薯Y病毒属的序列同源性划分标准,SCMV-CA与其它株系或分离物的同源性关系均介于种与株系划分标准之间。这是我国首次报道SCMVCP基因序列。     

番木瓜环斑病毒畸叶株系的CP基因克隆和序列分析

采用RT-PCR方法合成了本研究室保存的番木瓜畸叶病毒(PMaLV)的外壳蛋白(CP)基因,将其CP基因克隆进Promega公司的pGEM-T and pGEM-T Easy Vector System(简称T-载体),并进行了序列分析.结果表明,PMaLVCP基因核苷酸序列全长为861nt,推导其编码287个氨基酸.与番木瓜环斑病毒(PRSV)美国夏威夷HA株系和澳大利亚W株系的CP基因相比,在第66nt处开始连续缺失3个核苷酸.与PRSV的华南Ys、Sm和G株系以及夏威夷的HA和澳大利亚的W株系相比,其CP基因序列同源率分别为96%、98%、95%、89%和89%.其推导的氨基酸序列同源率分别为98%、97%、97%、96%和95%.此结果表明,PMaLV属于PRSV的一个株系,不是一种新病毒.因此,我们称其为番木瓜环斑病毒畸叶株系(ML株系).     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。