木薯良种—“南植188”的组培快速繁殖研究

本文报道木薯良种——“南植188”的快速繁殖。茎段培养在MS或改良MS基本培养基中,研究植物激素对器官形成的影响及试管苗移栽技术。试验结果表明BA促进芽的形成和增殖,BA和NAA混合使用有利芽伸长,当无根苗转生根培养基,诱导生根获得完整植株,试管苗移栽成功,幼苗生长良好。     

绞股蓝的快速繁殖研究

本文报道以广西四个县所产绞股蓝,在MS基本培养基中进行茎段培养,研究植物激素对器官形成的影响。试验结果表明,细胞分裂素BA明显促进芽的形成和增殖,BA和NAA或GA配合使用有助于苗的形成和生长,不同产地的绞股蓝类型均能诱导形成丛生芽,但分化芽数有差异。诱导生根用1/2 MS附加NAA或IBA,试管苗一年四季移栽均获得较高的成活率。幼苗移栽大田生长良好,当年可获得较好产量。     

‘红阳’猕猴桃叶盘高频直接再生体系的建立

以‘红阳’猕猴桃雌株幼叶为外植体,直接诱导产生不定芽,并对不定芽增殖以及生根体系进行优化,建立了高频再生体系。结果表明,在MS+3.0 mg/L BA+1.0 mg/L NAA培养基中,不定芽诱导率达100％,平均出芽数达18.67个/叶盘;在MS+2.0 mg/L BA+1.0 mg/L NAA+0.1 mg/L GA3培养基中,增殖率达100％,1~6代不定芽平均繁殖系数达8.63;不定芽在1/2 MS+0.8 mg/L IBA培养基中培养15 d,然后继代至含1/2 MS液体培养基的珍珠岩中培养15 d,生根率达100％,且其根系发育良好;98株试管苗移栽到土壤盆钵中,成活95株,成活率达96.94％。本试验成功建立了红阳猕猴桃叶片高频直接再生体系,该体系诱导产生不定芽周期短,出芽率高,不定芽增殖系数大,生根率高且根系发达,为红阳猕猴桃试管苗的工厂化生产和遗传转化奠定了基础。     

玉竹的组织培养与快速繁殖

以玉竹[Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce]根状茎、叶片和茎段为外植体,于附加不同激素配比的MS培养基中诱导愈伤组织、不定芽和不定根,探讨增殖培养和植株再生的条件.结果表明,叶片和茎段外植体诱导愈伤组织和芽的分化率很低;而根状茎外植体易于培养,有较高的诱导率和增殖倍数,其愈伤组织、不定芽和不定根的诱导率分别可达87%、90%和99%以上.适宜根状茎外植体愈伤组织诱导的培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA,有利于增殖和丛生芽分化的培养基为MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L IBA和MS+3.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA,而1/2MS+3.0～5.0 mg/L NAA适宜诱导试管苗生根培养.试管苗的移栽成活率可达85%以上.     

罗汉果茎段离体培养研究

罗汉果茎段培养在MS基本培养基中,研究植物激素对器官形成的影响,试验结果表明细胞分裂素BA促进芽的形成和增殖;而KT则有利于根的形成,却抑制芽的增殖,BA和IBA配合使用,对茎段形成芽有增效作用。通过继代培养,能繁殖大量绿苗,这揭示出同一块离体茎组织培养出许多小植株的可能,将嫩梢转入含有NAA0.2毫克/升的1/2MS培养基中,能诱导生根,形成完整小植株,试管苗成功地移栽田间,并已开始开花结果,     

葶苈愈伤组织诱导及分化研究

为保护野生资源、实现人工栽培,本研究以葶苈(Draba nemorosa)嫩茎为材料,采用组织培养方法进行愈伤组织诱导与分化、不定芽生根与试管苗生根继代增殖培养,以及移栽和定植研究。结果表明,MS+6-BA 0.4 mg/L+2,4-D 2.5 mg/L是愈伤组织诱导培养和继代增殖培养的理想培养基;MS+6-BA 0.6 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L 是愈伤组织分化培养和不定芽继代增殖培养的理想培养基;1/3MS+IAA 0.6 mg/L是不定芽生根培养和生根继代增殖培养的理想培养基;试管苗移栽成活率为86.8%,定植成活率为96.4%;定植苗保持了野生葶苈的植物学性状。     

徐长卿子叶组织培养及再生体系的建立

以徐长卿子叶为材料,进行愈伤组织诱导、愈伤组织和不定芽分化、试管苗生根、移栽及移植等研究。结果表明,MS+6-BA 0.3 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L+2,4-D 0.4 mg/L是子叶愈伤组织诱导和继代培养的理想培养基;MS+6-BA 0.8 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L是愈伤组织分化培养的理想培养基;MS+6-BA 0.6 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L是不定芽分化继代培养的理想培养基;炉灰渣是试管苗移栽的理想基质,移栽成活率可达97%。试管苗移植后长势旺盛,根系发达,当年开花。根据本试验结果可建立徐长卿子叶诱导再生体系。     

黄山药丛生芽诱导与植株快速繁殖

采用黄山药的带芽茎段为外植体,试验了不同激素处理对芽诱导的影响,通过继代培养诱导丛生芽使大量增殖,经诱导生根和炼苗移栽而完成植株的快速繁殖再生。结果表明,MS 6-BA2.0mg/L NAA0.5-1.0mg/L为芽诱导的最适培养基,MS 6-BA1.0mg/L NAA0.5-1.0mg/L为继代增殖的最佳培养基,月增殖系数约为3倍,1/2MS 1BA0.5mg/L培养基诱导生根相对较好,诱导率为50%,组培苗经炼苗后,移栽成活率可达80%。     

马蹄莲组织培养和快速繁殖

本文报道从新西兰引进马蹄莲杂交种的8个优良品种。研究植物激素及培养基物理性质对器官形成的影响。试验结果表明细胞分裂素BA0.5—1.0毫克/升明显促进芽的形成和增殖。随着BA浓度的增高.形成芽数也随着增多。备品种均能诱导形成丛生芽。低浓度BA或NAA有利于芽发育和诱导生根。固体培养有利于诱导彤成丛生芽;而液体静置培养促进芽发育和生根。各品种的试管苗成功地移栽田间并已开始开花。     

金边阔叶麦冬(Liriope platyphylla Wang et Tang var.variegata Hort.)的组织培养

将金边阔叶麦冬（Liriope platyphylla Wang et Tang var.variegata Hort.)不同部位外植体块,接种于附加不同激素配比的MS培养基上,实验结果表明,取自根状茎芽点,培养基为MS BA 1.5mg/L NAA 0.5mg/L的不定芽诱导率最高（100%）,长势较旺,不定芽和愈伤组织均较多,但极易造成性状分离。用MS BA 3.0mg/L NAA 0.5mg/L液体培养可以直接“芽生芽”,避免了脱分化过程,从而稳定保持嵌合性。不定芽每月可转接1次,适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS大量 IBA 0.25mg/L。试管苗在蛭石中炼苗后即可移栽。     

甜茶组织培养研究

甜茶的茎段和实生苗培养在MS基本培养基中,研究植物激素对器官形成的影响,试验结果表明BA0.5-2.0毫克/升明显促进芽的形成和增殖;而对照(基本培养基)无形成芽。细胞分裂素对芽的起动是必需的。BA0.5-2.0毫克/升和GA_s1.0毫克/升配合使用,对茎段形成芽和增殖反而减少,但形成的苗较高和幼叶生长良好。通过继代培养,可繁殖大量小苗,它揭示出同一块外植体生长出许多小植株的可能,将无根苗转入含有IBA0.25-0.50毫克/升的1/2MS培养基中,能诱导生根,发展完整植株。试管苗移植土壤中,获得成功,幼苗生长良好。     

金红花的组织培养快速繁殖研究

金红花顶芽或腋芽培养在ＭＳ基本培养基中。研究植物激素及培养基的物理性质对器官形成的影响。试验结果表明：芽增殖培养基以附加ＢＡ１．０ｍｇ／ｌ和ＮＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／ｌ为好。生根培养基为１／２ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ０．１ｍｇ／１。糊状培养基有利于苗的生长,试管有根苗和无根苗移栽均获得高的成活率。     

浩浩巴组织培养和快速繁殖

浩浩巴顶芽、茎段在ＭＳ基本培养基中培养,附加植物激素１～２ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＢＡ或ＺＴ和０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＮＡＡ配合使用明显促进芽苗形成。诱导生根采用两步生根法能有效地提高生根率。试管苗移栽获得成活。     

野葛的组织培养和植株再生

野葛〔Ｐｕｅｒａｒｉａｌｏｂａｔａ（Ｗｉｌｄ．）Ｏｈｗｉ〕为豆科多年生缠绕藤本植物,分布遍及全国,主产南方［１］,可药食两用,其块根肥厚,富含淀粉、蛋白质、钙、磷、铁及脂肪酸等,还含有多种异黄酮类化合物,对治疗心绞痛、高血压、冠心病,抑制肿瘤等效果显...     

Plant regeneration from callus cultures of Psoralea corylifolia Linn

Plantlet regeneration via organogenesis was achieved in callus cultures derived form mature leaves, stems and leaves, petioles and roots of young seedling of Psoralea corylifolia on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2.5–3.0 mg L^-1 BA, 1.0 mg L^-1 NAA and 3% (w/v) sucrose. The rate of shoot bud regeneration was positively correlated with the concentration of hormones in the nutrient media. Shoot buds regenerated more readily from juvenile explants (seedling source) as compared to the mature explants. Addition of adenine sulphate (5 mg L^-1) to the culture medium increased the growth of shoot buds. Optimum responses were obtained in hypocotyl and leaf explants using NAA in combination with BA, the highest rate of shoot bud regeneration being in hypocotyl explants. Rooting was readily achieved on the differentiated shoots on MS basal media without growth regulators. Regenerated plantlets were successfully established in the greenhouse.     

Optimisation of plantlet regeneration from leaf and nodal derived callus of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vanilla planifolia</Emphasis> Andrews

An indirect in vitro plant regeneration protocol for Vanilla planifolia has been established. Juvenile leaf and nodal segments from V. planifolia were used as explants to initiate callus. Nodal explants showed better callus initiation than juvenile leaf explants, with 35.0% of explants forming callus when cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) and 1.0 mg/l 6-benzyladenine (BA). Almost 10.0% of juvenile leaf explants were induced to form callus on the MS basal medium containing 2.0 mg/l NAA and 2.0 mg/l BA, whereas no callus formed in the presence of any concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and BA. After 8 weeks, callus generated was transferred to MS basal medium containing 1.0 mg/l BA and 0.5 mg/l NAA. A mean number of 4.2 shoots per callus was produced on this medium, with a mean length of 3.8 cm after 8 weeks of culture. Roots formed on 88.3% of plantlets when they were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l NAA, with a mean length of 4.4 cm after 4 weeks of culture. Of the rooted plantlets, 90.0% survived acclimatisation and were making new growth after 4 weeks.