黑大蒜提取物联合抗生素对金黄色葡萄球菌和肠埃希菌的体外抗菌作用研究

评价黑大蒜提取物分别与头孢唑林或庆大霉素联合应用,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的体外抗菌效应。采用液体稀释法分别测定黑大蒜提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）。采用棋盘法设计,微量肉汤稀释法测定黑大蒜提取物联合头孢唑林或庆大霉素对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的MIC,并计算部分抑菌浓度（FIC指数）。测定黑大蒜提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的时间-杀菌曲线。黑大蒜提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为256μg/mL,黑大蒜提取物对大肠埃希菌的MIC为256μg/mL。时间-杀菌曲线结果显示黑大蒜提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的抑菌作用呈现较强的浓度依赖性。黑大蒜提取物联合头孢唑林后对金黄色葡萄球菌的FIC指数为0.75;黑大蒜提取物联合庆大霉素后对大肠埃希菌的FIC指数为0.5。黑大蒜提取物与头孢唑林或庆大霉素联合用药,可明显降低抗生素对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的MIC,表现为相加和协同效应。     

亚抑菌浓度姜黄素对 大肠埃希菌泳动和丛动的影响

目的研究姜黄素对大肠埃希菌运动能力的影响。方法在体外应用微量法测量姜黄素对大肠埃希菌ATCC 25922的药物敏感性,用半固体培养基法测定姜黄素对大肠埃希菌泳动和丛动能力的影响,并测定姜黄素作用下相关基因的表达变化。结果姜黄素对大肠埃希菌ATCC 25922的MIC为100μg/mL,MBC为200μg/mL;亚抑菌浓度的姜黄素可抑制大肠埃希菌泳动和丛动,下调fimB等基因及调控sRNA GcvB的表达。结论亚抑菌浓度姜黄素能抑制大肠埃希菌泳动和丛动能力,并抑制泳动和丛动基因及相关sRNA的表达。     

黑大蒜提取物联合抗生素对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的体外抗菌作用研究

评价黑大蒜提取物分别与头孢唑林或庆大霉素联合应用,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的体外抗菌效应。采用液体稀释法分别测定黑大蒜提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。采用棋盘法设计,微量肉汤稀释法测定黑大蒜提取物联合头孢唑林或庆大霉素对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的MIC,并计算部分抑菌浓度(FIC指数)。测定黑大蒜提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的时间-杀菌曲线。黑大蒜提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为256μg/mL,黑大蒜提取物对大肠埃希菌的MIC为256μg/mL。时间-杀菌曲线结果显示黑大蒜提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的抑菌作用呈现较强的浓度依赖性。黑大蒜提取物联合头孢唑林后对金黄色葡萄球菌的FIC指数为0.75;黑大蒜提取物联合庆大霉素后对大肠埃希菌的FIC指数为0.5。黑大蒜提取物与头孢唑林或庆大霉素联合用药,可明显降低抗生素对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的MIC,表现为相加和协同效应。     

大肠埃希菌对化疗药物顺铂体外敏感性的探讨

目的通过体外细菌敏感性试验研究细胞周期非特异性化疗药物顺铂（Cisplatin,DDP）对条件性致病菌———大肠埃希菌的抑菌活性。方法分别用滤纸片法和96孔板法对顺铂的抑菌活性进行研究。其中,滤纸片法是以庆大霉素作为阳性对照,以生理盐水作为阴性对照,用直尺测不同浓度顺铂抑菌圈直径大小;96孔板法是用酶标仪测定吸光值,然后计算抑菌率。根据不同浓度大肠埃希菌的抑菌率曲线,利用origin 75拟合标准曲线做图并计算出能使50%大肠埃希菌死亡所需的顺铂使用剂量（IC50）。结果滤纸片法检测结果发现,5、2.5、1.25、0.625、0.313和0.156 mg/mL的顺铂对大肠埃希菌的抑菌圈大小分别为14、121、19、.678、.33和0 mm,而阳性对照6 670 IU/mL庆大霉素的抑菌圈大小为18 mm。96孔板法检测结果发现,顺铂对大肠埃希菌的抑制率均随用药剂量的增加而增大,呈＂S＂型曲线。用药后6、24、48和72 h时顺铂的IC50值分别为30.29、42.56、80.24和98.69μg/mL。结论顺铂对大肠埃希菌有抑制生长的作用;其抑菌作用随顺铂用药作用时间的延长而减弱。     

氧化苦参碱体外抑菌活性的研究

目的评估氧化苦参碱对条件性致病菌——大肠埃希菌的抑菌活性。方法采用滤纸片法和96孔板法对氧化苦参碱的抑菌活性进行检测,根据不同浓度氧化苦参碱对大肠埃希菌的抑菌率,利用origin75拟合标准曲线计算氧化苦参碱对大肠埃希菌IC50。结果滤纸片法检测结果发现,256、128、64、32mg/mL的氧化苦参碱对大肠埃希菌的抑菌圈大小分别为7．75、7．25、6．50和6．00mm,而阳性对照5000IU／mL庆大霉素的抑菌圈大小为27．00mm。96孔板法检测结果发现,氧化苦参碱对大肠埃希菌的抑制率均随用药剂量的增加抑制率增大,呈“S”型曲线。用药后6、12、24、48和72h时氧化苦参碱的Ic,。值分别为27．27、26．81、24．75、20．29和17．01mg／mL。结论氧化苦参碱对大肠埃希菌生长有抑制作用,其抑菌作用随氧化苦参碱用药作用时间的延长而增强,但抑菌活性较低。     

羧甲基壳聚糖对5株口腔颌面部感染细菌的抑菌性能的评价

目的 研究羧甲基壳聚糖对5株口腔颌面部感染细菌的抑菌性能,为在临床应用提供相关资料。方法 采用液体梯度稀释法分别测定羧甲基壳聚糖对牙龈卟啉菌、中间普氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌和铜绿假单胞菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）。结果 羧甲基壳聚糖对5株菌的MIC分别为：20、5、2.5、5、10 g/L。结论 羧甲基壳聚糖对口腔颌面部感染重要相关细菌具有抑菌作用。     

秦皮素对大肠埃希菌作用机制的初步研究

目的以大肠埃希菌ATCC 25922为供试菌,探讨秦皮素的抑菌活性及其作用机制。方法利用TTC法测定秦皮素对大肠埃希菌ATCC 25922的最低抑菌浓度;通过测定加药前后菌体培养液电导率和大分子的变化及观察扫描电镜和透射电镜电镜结果,分析秦皮素对其细胞膜的影响;通过SDS-PAGE测定秦皮素对供试菌株蛋白含量的影响;采用逐个检出法研究秦皮素对大肠埃希菌ATCC 25922质粒合成的抑制作用。结果秦皮素可抑制大肠埃希菌ATCC 25922的生长,其最低抑菌浓度为40μg/mL。秦皮素作用菌体5 h后,培养液中的电导率比对照组增加1.96%,但DNA和RNA大分子增加的不明显。秦皮素作用大肠埃希菌20 h后,菌体可溶性蛋白总量比对照组降低42%。秦皮素对大肠埃希菌的质粒有消除作用,药物作用48 h后,秦皮素对大肠埃希菌的质粒消除率为60.3%。结论秦皮素可抑制大肠埃希菌的生长,其抑菌作用机制与抑制菌体内蛋白质合成和消除菌体内的质粒有关,但对大肠埃希菌细胞膜的影响不大。     

甘草提取物的抑菌作用及其对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的 研究甘草提取物的最低抑菌浓度及其对小鼠免疫功能的影响.方法 以大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为供试菌.结果 甘草提取物对大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度均为12 mg/mL.甘草提取物能提高小鼠的免疫功能,当甘草提取物浓度为100μg/mL时,与对照组相比,小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖率为(32.62±1.06)％,B淋巴细胞增殖率为(28.20±1.68)％;腹腔巨噬细胞的增殖率为(40.19 ±2.38)％;腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力提高(24.20 ±0.01)％;NK细胞杀伤活力提高(15.83 ±1.02)％;IL-1、IL-2的体外诱生增殖率分别为(12.34±0.72)％、(23.78±1.87)％.结论 甘草提取物能抑制大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的生长,且抑制作用呈剂量依赖性.     

板蓝根多糖抑制致病性大肠埃希菌细胞黏附的试验研究

研究板蓝根多糖能否影响致病性大肠埃希菌对细胞的黏附。使用PK-15细胞进行了黏附试验及黏附抑制试验。在所选的4个浓度中,板蓝根多糖浓度为1.6mg/mL时,对细菌黏附细胞的抑制作用最好,黏附力由每个细胞黏附44.8个细菌降低到6.3个细菌。板蓝根多糖对致病性大肠埃希菌的细胞黏附具有抑制作用,提示该多糖具有调节肠道微生态的潜在应用价值。     

矾冰纳米乳对临床常见病原菌体外抗菌活性的研究

研究纳米化提高白矾与冰片复合物体外抗菌活性的效果。分别采用琼脂扩散法、体外杀菌试验及试管稀释法,测定白矾与冰片O/W型复合纳米乳对临床常见病原菌的体外抑菌、杀菌效果及最低抑菌浓度(MIC),实验中以等浓度矾冰液作为对照。结果显示,矾冰纳米乳对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、白假丝酵母菌的抑制及杀灭活性均明显强于矾冰液(P0.05)。矾冰纳米乳对金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌临床菌株MIC90值分别为1.02、2.04和2.04 mg/mL,均明显低于矾冰液的MIC90值(P0.05)。上述实验结果提示,矾冰纳米乳与矾冰液均有广谱体外抑菌及杀菌活性,白矾及冰片复合物纳米化可提高抗菌效果。     

复合生物防腐剂杀菌效果优化及草莓保鲜效果研究

为研究复合生物防腐剂(ε-聚赖氨酸、乳酸链球菌素、生物表面活性素质量百分比1:1:1混合)能否代替化学性食品防腐剂,通过敏感性测定、杀菌优化实验,草莓防腐应用试验,研究了其对指示菌点青霉的抑制效果。结果表明,点青霉对复合生物防腐剂较为敏感,其抑菌圈直径为18.73mm。利用响应曲面法对复合防腐剂杀灭点青霉孢子作用优化后,在温度为4.40℃、作用时间为9.95h、浓度为0.96mg/mL的情况下可以将基质中的点青霉孢子降低4个数量级。草莓防腐试验表明在自然贮藏10d其最高防效可达85.2%,防腐效果显著。     

Effect of chitosan derivatives on the reproduction of Coliphages T2 and T7

The effect of chitosan derivatives with different degrees of polymerization and deamination, as well as of chitosan 6-O-sulfate and chitosan N-succinate-6-O-sulfate, on the reproduction of coliphages T2 and T7 in Escherichia coli and on the growth of this bacterium was studied. Chitosan derivatives decreased the yield of coliphages and exhibited bactericidal activity. The efficiency of inhibition of viral infection and the bactericidal activity of chitosan were found to be dependent on the degree of its polymerization. At the same time, there was no correlation between the degree of chitosan deamination and the extent of inhibition of viral infection. Anionic chitosan derivatives virtually did not possess antiviral or bactericidal activity. It is assumed that chitosan blocks some stages of phage reproduction. The decrease in the phage-producing ability of E. coli may also be due to the bactericidal effect of chitosan.     

壳寡糖对大肠杆菌抑菌活性研究

分析壳寡糖对大肠杆菌抑菌效果的影响因素.采用摇瓶法和ELISA板法对不同浓度的壳寡糖进行抑菌试验;比较不同pH、不同脱乙酰度的壳寡糖对大肠杆菌抑菌效果的差异;比较不同聚合度的单一聚合度壳寡糖抑菌效果的差异.壳寡糖浓度大于5 mg/mL时抑菌效果与同浓度苯甲酸钠相近;pH为4时,0.156 mg/mL的壳寡糖溶液抑菌活性即能超过90%;pH为7时,5 mg/mL的壳寡糖才能达到90%抑菌活性.脱乙酰度为95%时,5 mg/mL的壳寡糖溶液抑菌活性能超过97%;脱乙酰度为45%时,40 mg/mL的壳寡糖溶液抑菌活性仅有56%;聚合度大于4的单一聚合度壳寡糖40 mg/mL时抑菌活性能达到99%.结果表明:提高壳寡糖溶液浓度、降低pH、提高脱乙酰度,能提高壳寡糖的抑菌活性,单一聚合度壳寡糖聚合度越高,对大肠杆菌的抑制作用越强.此外,采用ELISA板的方法进行实验,即节省试药又方便快捷.     

A Comparative Study Between the Antibacterial Effect of Nisin and Nisin-Loaded Chitosan/Alginate Nanoparticles on the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus in Raw and Pasteurized Milk Samples

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of nisin-loaded chitosan/alginate nanoparticles as a novel antibacterial delivery vehicle. The nisin-loaded nanoparticles were prepared using colloidal dispersion of the chitosan/alginate polymers in the presence of nisin. After the preparation of the nisin-loaded nanoparticles, their physicochemical properties such as size, shape, and zeta potential of the formulations were studied using scanning electron microscope and nanosizer instruments, consecutively. FTIR and differential scanning calorimetery studies were performed to investigate polymer–polymer or polymer–protein interactions. Next, the release kinetics and entrapment efficiency of the nisin-loaded nanoparticles were examined to assess the application potential of these formulations as a candidate vector. For measuring the antibacterial activity of the nisin-loaded nanoparticles, agar diffusion and MIC methods were employed. The samples under investigation for total microbial counts were pasteurized and raw milks each of which contained the nisin-loaded nanoparticles and inoculated Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 19117 at 10⁶ CFU/mL), pasteurized and raw milks each included free nisin and S. aureus (10⁶ CFU/mL), and pasteurized and raw milks each had S. aureus (10⁶ CFU/mL) in as control. Total counts of S. aureus were measured after 24 and 48 h for the pasteurized milk samples and after the time intervals of 0, 6, 10, 14, 18, and 24 h for the raw milk samples, respectively. According to the results, entrapment efficiency of nisin inside of the nanoparticles was about 90–95%. The average size of the nanoparticles was 205 nm, and the average zeta potential of them was ?47 mV. In agar diffusion assay, an antibacterial activity (inhibition zone diameter, at 450 IU/mL) about 2 times higher than that of free nisin was observed for the nisin-loaded nanoparticles. MIC of the nisin-loaded nanoparticles (0.5 mg/mL) was about four times less than that of free nisin (2 mg/mL). Evaluation of the kinetic of the growth of S. aureus based on the total counts in the raw and pasteurized milks revealed that the nisin-loaded nanoparticles were able to inhibit more effectively the growth of S. aureus than free nisin during longer incubation periods. In other words, the decrease in the population of S. aureus for free nisin and the nisin-loaded nanoparticles in pasteurized milk was the same after 24 h of incubation while lessening in the growth of S. aureus was more marked for the nisin-loaded nanoparticles than the samples containing only free nisin after 48 h of incubation. Although the same growth reduction profile in S. aureus was noticed for free nisin and the nisin-loaded nanoparticles in the raw milk up to 14 h of incubation, after this time the nisin-loaded nanoparticles showed higher growth inhibition than free nisin. Since, generally, naked nisin has greater interactions with the ingredients present in milk samples in comparison with the protected nisin. Therefore, it is concluded that the antibacterial activity of nisin naturally decreases more during longer times of incubation than the protected nisin with the chitosan/alginate nanoparticles. Consequently, this protection increases and keeps antibacterial efficiency of nisin in comparison with free nisin during longer times of storage. These results can pave the way for further research and use of these nanoparticles as new antimicrobial agents in various realms of dairy products.     

Structure and antimicrobial activities of benzoyl phenyl-thiosemicarbazone-chitosans

Previously, we had prepared acetyl phenyl-thiosemicarbazone derivatives of chitosan, and their antimicrobial activities were analyzed. The purpose of the present study was to further assess the relationship between the structure and antimicrobial activities of benzoyl phenyl-thiosemicarbazone-chitosan. Ten new benzoyl phenyl-thiosemicarbazone-chitosans were prepared and their structures were characterized by FT-IR and elemental analysis. The antimicrobial experiment against four species of bacteria and four crop-threatening pathogenic fungi were conducted based on the derivatives of chitosan with different molecular weight at different concentrations. The results indicated that the antimicrobial activities of benzoyl phenyl-thiosemicarbazone derivatives are much better than that of pure CS. The value of the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the derivatives against Escherichia coli was 7.03 and 225 μg mL(-1) respectively. All of the derivatives had significant inhibiting effect on the investigated fungi in the concentration of 50-500 μg mL(-1), and the maximum inhibitory index was 94.74%. These results indicate that the derivatives have potential ability used as antibacterial reagent in agricultural field.     

Susceptibility of bacterial, eukaryotic and artificial membranes to the disruptive action of the cationic peptides Pep 5 and nisin

Abstract The cationic bactericidal peptides Pep 5 and nisin render membranes permeable to low- M _r compounds. All Gram-positive bacteria treated with these peptides showed an immediate efflux of entrapped radioactive markers. The uptake of α-[¹⁴C]methylglucoside by the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system was stimulated by Pep 5, supporting previous results that pep 5 abolishes the membrane potential. Oxygen consumption was inhibited, presumably due to lack of ADP. Escherichia coli became sensitive to Pep 5 and nisin when the outer membrane was bypassed by osmotic shock or by formation of cytoplasmic membrane vesicles. In contrast, Mycoplasma cells and erythrocytes were unaffected by Pep 5 and nisin in concentrations up to 1 mM. Human lung fibroblasts released only small amounts of ATP when treated with Pep 5 and nisin in μM concentrations. Eukaryotic and Mycoplasma cells were disrupted more effectively by the bee venom peptide melittin, which displays overall structural similarities to Pep 5 and nisin. Various artificial membranes were not affected by Pep 5, nisin, or melittin.     

莳萝蒿精油成分分析及抑菌活性机理探究

为了确定莳萝蒿精油的化学成分,并探究其抑菌活性及抑菌机理。该研究采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取莳萝蒿精油,并通过气相色谱-质谱联用法测定其化学成分。采用抑菌圈法、二倍稀释法和生长曲线法测定精油的抑菌活性,采用电导率法和扫描电镜法探究精油的抑菌机理。结果表明:(1)莳萝蒿精油的主要化学成分包括醇类(47.12%)和萜烯类(19.90%),在所有成分中桉油精(12.39%)含量最高,其次为松油醇(8.70%)。(2)精油对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌圈直径分别为(22.57±1.68)mm和(15.36±0.71)mm。(3)精油对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为3.25和7.5μL/mL,最小杀菌浓度分别为7.5和15μL/mL。(4)当精油浓度为1.625和3.25μL/mL时,其分别能够延缓金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的生长;当精油浓度为3.25和7.5μL/mL时,其能够完全抑制金黄色葡萄球菌的生长;当精油浓度为7.5和15μL/mL时,其能够完全抑制大肠杆菌的生长。(5)经精油处理之后的细菌,其相对电导率明显增大,且随精油浓度的增加而增大,同时其细胞膜发生了萎缩和破裂的现象。研究发现,莳萝蒿精油富含醇类和萜烯类等多种活性物质,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌具有良好的抑菌活性,且莳萝蒿精油能够改变细胞的膜结构,导致细菌中的内溶物发生泄漏,从而抑制细菌生长。     

From multifunctionalized poly(ethylene imine)s toward antimicrobial coatings

Primary amine groups of branched poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) were functionalized with quaternary ammonium groups, alkyl chains of different length, allylic and benzylic groups in a one-step reaction, using a carbonate coupler. The structure of the obtained amphiphilic polymers was determined by means of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Depending on their hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance, the obtained polymers can be used as water-soluble disinfectants and for antimicrobial coating materials. The bactericidal properties of some of the amphiphilic polymers against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria were investigated. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (log 4 reduction of bacterial growth) against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis were determined in the range of 0.3-0.4 mg/mL and 0.03-0.04 mg/mL for water-soluble polymers. Glass slides coated with functionalized PEIs showed a reduction of colony forming units of at least 95%, at best 99.9%, against E. coli and B. subtilis.     

Preparation and antibacterial activity of chitosan nanoparticles

Chitosan nanoparticles, such as those prepared in this study, may exhibit potential antibacterial activity as their unique character. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of chitosan nanoparticles and copper-loaded nanoparticles against various microorganisms. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared based on the ionic gelation of chitosan with tripolyphosphate anions. Copper ions were adsorbed onto the chitosan nanoparticles mainly by ion-exchange resins and surface chelation to form copper-loaded nanoparticles. The physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles were determined by size and zeta potential analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM), FTIR analysis, and XRD pattern. The antibacterial activity of chitosan nanoparticles and copper-loaded nanoparticles against E. coli, S. choleraesuis, S. typhimurium, and S. aureus was evaluated by calculation of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results show that chitosan nanoparticles and copper-loaded nanoparticles could inhibit the growth of various bacteria tested. Their MIC values were less than 0.25 microg/mL, and the MBC values of nanoparticles reached 1 microg/mL. AFM revealed that the exposure of S. choleraesuis to the chitosan nanoparticles led to the disruption of cell membranes and the leakage of cytoplasm.