菊芋茎干再生新皮的组织分化

树木茎干剥皮以后,再生新皮中的维管组织往往形成连续一片,但是,草本植物的菊芋（Helianthus tuberosus L.),剥皮后再生新皮中,多具有分散的维管束,这些维管束的发生很不规则,本文对此种草本植物环剥后,新皮再生的各阶段的组织分化,作了比较描述,并讨论了再生过程中薄壁组织细胞的作用。     

菊芋茎干再生新皮的组织分化

树木茎干剥皮以后,再生新皮中的维管组织往往形成连续一片,但是,草本植物的菊芋（Helianthus tuberosus L.),剥皮后再生新皮中,多具有分散的维管束,这些维管束的发生很不规则,本文对此种草本植物环剥后,新皮再生的各阶段的组织分化,作了比较描述,并讨论了再生过程中薄壁组织细胞的作用。     

外源环化腺一磷和几种抑制剂对烟草愈伤组织生长和分化过程的影响

利用愈伤组织实验系统研究器官分化问题虽然已经取得了一些进展,但是这个过程的确切机理仍不清楚(Thorpe 1980)。为了深入研究外源激素在器官分化过程中的作用,我们曾确定了6-苄基腺嘌岭(BA)对烟草愈伤组织器官分化作用的时间进程和外源激素与这一过程的相互关系(刘涤等1980)。采用某些外源化合物特别是蛋白质和核酸生物合成抑制剂来影响生长和分化过程的进程,可以为进一步了解这个过程提供某些有用的证据。环化腺一磷(cAMP)是一种在细胞水平上调控细胞分化和分裂的物质。外源cAMP对藻类(Amrhein和Filner 1973)和葫芦藓原丝体(Handa和Johri 1978)的分化有一定的促进作用。但在高等植物方面则报道较少,Mizuna和Komamine(1978)曾发现该物质能促     

植物愈伤组织培养中内外源激素效应的研究现状与展望

综述了外源激素对愈伤组织诱导、分化的影响,以及内源激素在愈伤组织培养过程中的变化规律。有关愈伤组织培养中外源激素作用的研究日趋细化,而激素变化与适宜继代周期的关系已成为研究热点。随着分子生物学与同位素标记等技术的引入,必将促进愈伤组织培养中激素相关基因调控机理的揭示,以及激素作用位点的精确定位,从而推动植物愈伤组织培养的迅猛发展。     

外源激素对风信子胚珠再生及其性细胞分化的影响

风信子（ＨｙａｃｉｎｔｈｕｓｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓＬ．）性器官分化和性细胞分化所需条件是不一样的,适合于性细胞（雌配子体）分化的外源激素水平大大低于性器官（胚珠）分化的外源激素水平。珠心细胞在低浓度的外源激素条件下可以分化性细胞;稍稍提高外源激素浓度,性细胞化化停止,代之以珠心细胞的增殖;进一步提高外源激素浓度,珠心细胞又可以分化出新的胚珠原基,进一步长大以后发育成许多新的胚珠     

影响小麦成熟胚培养及植株再生因素的研究

对3个不同栽培品种小麦的成熟胚进行离体培养,研究影响小麦愈伤组织诱导和植株再生的一些因素。结果表明,东农7742的苗分化率明显高于龙麦9814和龙麦26;高浓度的玉米素可明显提高芽的分化率;附加低浓度NAA的1/2 MS培养基可有效促进生根。可见,基因型对小麦愈伤组织的分化有很大的影响,附加一定的外源激素有利于提高植株的再生频率。     

构树剥皮再生的研究

构树[Broussonetia papyrifera(L.)Vent.]在芽展开后的整个生长季节中,其茎部经过大面积环剥,都能再生新皮,环剥后初期,愈伤组织都由近暴露面的射线细胞产生,稍后,其它未成熟木质部细胞也参加愈伤组织的形成,这些愈伤组织一般在靠近表面处都可发生木栓形成层,而在里面近中间处发生维管形成层,新发生的维管形成层正常地向外分化出韧皮部,内分化出木质部,不过,在5月下旬至8月上旬剥皮的,由于气温较高,膜内湿度较大,在包裹塑料薄膜期间,新产生的周皮表面往往出现不断分离的疏松层,待揭去塑料薄膜后,才可迅速形成正常的周皮。     

龙眼剥皮再生的解剖学研究

龙眼(Dimocarpus tongan Lour.)茎干经过大面积环剥,都能再生出新皮。环剥初期,愈伤组织都由近暴露面的射线细胞产生,稍后,其他未成熟木质部细胞也参加愈伤组织的形成,这些愈伤组织一般在靠近表面都可发生木栓形成层,以后迅速形成正常的周皮。在愈伤组织与木质部交界处的未成熟木质部细胞发生维管形成层。新发生的形成层正常地向外分化出次生韧皮部,向内分化出次生木质部。初期有些原来的射线将新形成层带分割成许多小区,二个月后,由于新的形成层不断平周活动,逐渐将形成层连成一圈,以后基本上与正常树皮维管组织的发育一样。     

构树剥皮再生的研究

构树[Broussonetia papyrifera(L.)Vent.]在芽展开后的整个生长季节中,其茎部经过大面积环剥,都能再生新皮,环剥后初期,愈伤组织都由近暴露面的射线细胞产生,稍后,其它未成熟木质部细胞也参加愈伤组织的形成,这些愈伤组织一般在靠近表面处都可发生木栓形成层,而在里面近中间处发生维管形成层,新发生的维管形成层正常地向外分化出韧皮部,内分化出木质部,不过,在5月下旬至8月上旬剥皮的,由于气温较高,膜内湿度较大,在包裹塑料薄膜期间,新产生的周皮表面往往出现不断分离的疏松层,待揭去塑料薄膜后,才可迅速形成正常的周皮。     

植物激素对促进棉花种间杂种胚胎发育的效果

本文报道了陆地棉和中棉间正、反交时,喷施植物激素(GA_3、NAA)后,对杂种胚胎发育的影响。观察发现:1.外源激素对棉花授粉受精速度的影响不显著。2.陆地棉×中棉时,外源激素显著提高了有胚胚珠百分率。胚体大小也显著增加。3.中棉×陆地棉时,外源激素能明显地促进胚的分化,使一部分杂种胚的分化接近正常状态。4.喷施外源激素是克服种间杂交不亲和性的有效途径。这是由于外源激素促进了胚乳发育的缘故。     

菊苣薄层培养花芽,营养芽分化中内源激素的动态变化

菊苣（Ｃｉｃｈｏｒｉｕｍ ｉｎｔｙｂｕｓＬ．）花梗薄层细胞培养于ＭＳ附加ＮＡＡ 和ＢＡ 或ＩＡＡ 和ＢＡ 的ＭＳ培养基上有花芽或营养芽分化． 花芽分化中内源ＩＡＡ、ＤＨＺ＋ ＤＨＺＲ、ｉＰＡ 含量明显增加,而Ｚ＋ ＺＲ变化不明显．营养芽分化中内源细胞分裂素含量增加明显,而ＩＡＡ 在培养前７ ｄ 含量下降,随后有所增加,在原基形成时含量达原初水平的２／３． 可见,花芽分化比营养芽分化所需内源ＩＡＡ／ＣＴＫ 比值要高     

植物激素对砀山酥梨脱病毒苗增殖生长的影响

砀山酥梨脱病毒苗培养基中添加外源激素能通过调节内源激素的含量,从而控制脱病毒苗的增殖和生长。苄基腺嘌呤(benzyladen ine,BA)处理可提高脱病毒苗内源玉米素核苷(zeatin riboside,ZR)含量,而脱病毒苗的有效增殖芽数与IAA/ZR比值呈显著负相关;1萘-乙酸(1-naphthalene acetic ac id,NAA)处理可显著提高内源吲哚乙酸(indole acetic ac id,IAA)含量,较高的内源IAA含量有利于芽梢的生长;继代组培苗体内含有一定量的内源赤霉素(G iberllic Ac id,GA1 3),适量的外源GA3处理,可提高内源GA1 3含量而显著降低脱落酸(absc isic ac id,ABA)含量,促进芽梢的伸长和叶面积的扩大。     

Plant regeneration from isolated cells ofLavandula latifolia medicus

Summary Single cells were obtained from hypocotyl-derived callus ofLavandula latifolia Medicus. Cells were plated in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with indoleacetic acid (IAA), benzyladenine (BA), and several IAA-BA combinations. Cell division required the simultaneous presence of IAA and BA in the culture medium, but callus formation was only achieved with 0.1 or 1 mg/liter IAA and 2 mg/liter BA. To induce organogenesis, calli were transferred to various regeneration media. Shoot-bud differentiation efficiency depended on the composition of both the callus induction and the shoot regeneration media, best results being obtained when calli grown in 1 mg/liter IAA and 2 mg/liter BA were subcultured to media containing 2 mg/liter BA and 15% coconut milk. Under these conditions, up to 75% of calli formed shoots that subsequently were rooted and established in soil.     

HORMONAL REGULATION OF EPIPHYLLOUS BUD RELEASE AND DEVELOPMENT IN BRYOPHYLLUM CALYCINUM

The effects of various concentrations of several auxins and cytokinins separately and in combination on epiphyllous budding of Bryophyllum calycinum were investigated, using a marginal leaf strip method. The number of buds released per leaf in 10⁻⁶ m benzyladenine (BA) was 2.8 times greater than those in water, and 1.6 times greater in 10⁻⁵ m isopentyladenine (IPA). BA, IPA and kinetin were antagonistic to indoleacetic acid (IAA) or naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) when used in combination treatments. The IAA oxidase co-factor p-coumaric acid (PCA) increased the number of epiphyllous buds to twice that of the water controls. This stimulatory effect of PCA on bud release suggests that an increase in IAA oxidase activity may be one of the significant changes that precedes the release of epiphyllous buds.     

Changes of Endogenous Hormone Contents During Floral Bud and Vegetative Bud Differentiation in Thin Cell Layer Culture of Cichorium intybus L. Explant

The sectioned thin cell layers (TCL) of flower stalk of Cichorium intybus L. were cultured in MS medium supplemented with NAA and BA or IAA and BA where floral and vegetative buds were developed from the explant. Endogenous IAA, DHZ+DHZR, iPA increased significantly during the floral bud formation, while Z+ZR remained changed. The levels of cytokinins, DHZ +DHZR, iPA, and Z-f-ZR all increased significantly during the vegetative bud formation, however IAA level was reduced during the first 7 days of culture and increased to two-thirds of initial values on the day when the bud primordia were formed. The results suggested that the initiation of floral buds was associated with a high IAA/CTK ratio, whereas the induction of vegetative bud differentiation was related to a low IAA/CTK ratio.     

Plant regeneration from leaf discs of peanut and pigeonpea: Influence of benzyladenine,indoleacetic acid and indoleacetic acid-amino acid conjugates

The influence of indoleacetic acid (IAA) and some IAA-amino acid conjugates in combination with benzyladenine (BA) on in vitro shoot regeneration from leaf discs of peanut and pigeonpea was investigated. The frequency of shoot regeneration and average number of shoot buds produced was dependent on the type of auxin present in the medium. Highest frequency of plant regeneration in peanut was induced by BA in combination with IAA or IAA-l-alanine, while in pigeonpea BA in combination with IAA or IAA-l-aspartic acid produced best results. Four hundred plants of peanut and 25 plants of pigeonpea were transplanted to soil.Abbreviations BA benzyladenine - IAA indoleacetic acid - IAA l-alanine-indole acetyl-l-alanine - IAA aspartic acid-indole acetyl-l-aspartic acid - IAA glycine-indole acetyl-l-glycine - IAA phenylalanine-indole-acetyl-l-phenyl-alanine     

不同激素对匙叶芋芽的诱导与增殖的影响

取日本引进的Spathiphyllum sp.根茎外植体接种在不同激素配比的MS培养基上,结果以MS BA 2mg/l KT 1mg/l诱导芽的效果最好;通过附加不同种类的细胞分裂素,不同浓度的BA,不同生长素的试验,证明MS BA 1mg/l IAA 0.1mg/l组成较有利于芽的增殖;将芽移入生根培养基,15天左右长出根,形成完整植株。     

Improvement of in vitro propagation of apricot cultivar ‘Bebecou’

Factors affecting successful establishment in vitro, rapid proliferation and rooting of apricot cultivar ‘Bebecou’ were studied. Ethanol and NaOCl were applied in several combinations for disinfection; chilling, plant growth regulators BA, IAA and GA₃, antibiotics, different culture vessels and systems of subculture were evaluated for the optimization of shoot proliferation and the auxins NAA and IBA were assessed for root induction. The highest number of new microshoots/explant (18.7) was obtained in a culture medium supplemented with 2.2 μM BA+0.57 μM IAA after 300 h of chilling. The effect of GA₃ (11.4 μM) on shoot proliferation was positive in combination with 4.4 or 8.9 μM BA. Shoot length and productivity were highest at 2.2 μM BA+11.4 μM GA₃+0.57 μM IAA and at 2.2 μM BA+0.57 μM IAA, respectively and decreased as cytokinin concentration increased. The antibiotic ‘Na-cefotaxime’ had a minimal impact on shoot growth when used at the lowest concentration (250 mg l⁻¹). Subculture every 2 weeks in a medium supplemented with 2.2 μM BA and 0.57 μM IAA was more efficient for shoot induction than alternation of 20 days culture in a propagation medium supplemented with 2.2 μM BA and 10 days culture in an elongation medium supplemented with 1.1 μM BA and 5.71 μM IAA. The highest number of roots/shoot (8.1) was recorded at 19.6 μM IBA.     

BA、GA3和IAA对富士苹果果形形成的影响

以9年生富士苹果为材料,研究富士苹果形成过程中BA、GA,和IAA对果形、品质、内源激素含量的影响。结果表明：在花期喷GA,对富士苹果的坐果率影响效果最好,分别比清水对照和无处理对照提高49％和79．45％。BA100mg·L^-1GA3300mg·L^-1＋IAA20mg·L^-1对降低富士苹果偏斜率效果最好。在花期、花期＋幼果期和幼果期分别喷BA和在花期喷GA3可以提高果实中可溶性固形物的含量。花期喷IAA、BA、GA,和BA＋GA,＋IAA对内源激素IAA和GA3的含量均有促进作用,在整个生长季内不同处理下IAA、GA3含量均高于清水对照且差异明显;花期喷BA、GA3和BA＋GA3＋IAA对内源激素ZT含量有促进作用,尤其在果实幼果期和膨大期与清水对照相比效果明显;花期喷GA3和BA＋GA3＋IAA与清水对照相比内源激素ABA含量有明显降低,其中幼果期变化显著。     

甘露醇和6—BA处理对水稻细胞过氧化物酶及IAA氧化酶活性的影响

研究了甘露醇和６０ＢＡ处理对水稻服浮细胞再分化、过氧化物酶及ＩＡＡ氧化酶的影响。结果表明,甘露醇处理能延迟水稻细胞衰老,提高细胞再分化能力,降低细胞过氧化物酶和ＩＡＡ氧化酶活性,６－ＢＡ（２ｍｇ／Ｌ）虽然明显降低细胞过氧化物酶活性,但对ＩＡＡ氧化酶及细胞衰老无明显影响,讨论了过氧化物酶及ＩＡＡ氧化酶在水稻胚性细胞形成上的可能作用。