北京地区朱砂叶螨在蔬菜集约化栽培下的种群动态

为了明确集约化栽培管理模式对蔬菜上朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus(Boisduval)的种群数量及动态的影响,2008年在中国农科院蔬菜花卉所塑料棚和露地春、秋茬5种蔬菜上,调查了该螨的种群动态。结果表明,6月中旬春棚的朱砂叶螨种群数量达到高峰期,6月下旬后则明显下降;露地春茬菜豆、茄子、甜椒和黄瓜于6月上旬始见叶螨发生,有螨株率比单株螨量增长迅速,番茄上未发现叶螨。塑料棚和露地秋茬菜豆、茄子和黄瓜上朱砂叶螨发生数量低于13.3头/株,番茄、甜椒寄主上均未发现叶螨为害。分析认为,集约化栽培措施是制约朱砂叶螨种群发生数量的关键因素,降雨和高湿等不良的气象条件也有重要影响。     

寄主植物对朱砂叶螨药剂敏感性及解毒酶活性的短期诱导研究

将继代饲养在菜豆上的朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus(Boisduval)分别转移到黄瓜、甘蓝和茄子上饲养3代后,测定不同寄主植物对叶螨的药剂敏感性及其解毒酶系活性的诱导作用。结果表明,从菜豆上转养到黄瓜、甘蓝和茄子上后,后3个寄主上叶螨种群对阿维菌素的敏感度均有所上升,对联苯菊酯的敏感度有升有降,甘蓝、茄子上的叶螨种群LC50值分别是菜豆种群的0.27倍和0.44倍。各寄主上饲养的朱砂叶螨的解毒酶活性也发生了不同程度的变异,黄瓜种群上MFO、CarE活性均显著高于其它3种寄主,菜豆种群的GST活性显著高于转养的3种寄主,而甘蓝种群的AchE活性是菜豆种群的3.37倍。研究结果表明不同寄主植物短期饲养可改变朱砂叶螨的药剂敏感性及其解毒酶活性,这种改变随寄主不同而异。     

京冀地区蔬菜叶螨优势种类鉴定

叶螨是蔬菜作物上的一类重要农业害螨,但其在蔬菜上发生为害的优势种类尚不明确。本研究中,2009-2013年连续5年于北京和河北部分地区定点和非定点采集田间蔬菜作物上的叶螨,采用形态学方法和分子生物学方法进行种类鉴定。结果表明,所采集地的茄果类蔬菜和豆类蔬菜上叶螨种类包括截形叶螨和二斑叶螨,未发现有朱砂叶螨或者其它叶螨种类,表明截形叶螨和二斑叶螨是目前北京和河北部分地区蔬菜作物上的主要叶螨种类,改变了以往文献中朱砂叶螨是常见蔬菜作物主要叶螨种类的传统认识。研究结果将有助于田间蔬菜叶螨的针对性高效防治。     

普通钝绥螨(Amblyseius vulgaris)对朱砂叶螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus)捕食作用的研究

研究了普通钝绥螨(Amblyseius vulgaris)对朱砂叶螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus)不同螨态的选择捕食作用、功能反应和数量反应。结果表明,普通钝绥螨喜欢捕食朱砂叶螨的幼螨,对猎物不同螨态的功能反应均表现为Holling Ⅱ型曲线,但其捕食效率因猎物螨态和环境温度不同而有差异。猎物螨的密度对普通钝绥螨的繁殖有明显影响。     

模拟降水对朱砂叶螨实验种群数量的干扰作用

采用人工模拟降雨的方法研究了降水对棉花苗期朱砂叶螨校正虫口减退率的影响以及转移干扰作用,评价棉花苗期降水对朱砂叶螨种群数量的控制作用。结果表明,暴雨(49.59%±3.09%)、大雨(33.21%±2.46%)、中雨(37.25%±0.986%)和小雨(36.03%±2.69%)均能明显降低朱砂叶螨的校正虫口减退率,其中暴雨对朱砂叶螨校正虫口减退率的影响极为明显,显著高于大雨、中雨和小雨。而大雨、中雨和小雨对朱砂叶螨校正虫口减退率的影响两两之间无显著差异。随着降水量逐步增加,对朱砂叶螨数量由释放点向叶片正面和叶柄位置转移的干扰作用逐步增强。在释放点之间,大雨、中雨和小雨均对朱砂叶螨转移干扰作用不明显,但暴雨对朱砂叶螨转移干扰作用极为明显。     

二斑叶螨对不同甜瓜品种的取食和产卵选择性

二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae Koch是世界性的重大农业害螨,为明确其对不同甜瓜品种的取食和产卵选择性,采用离体叶碟法研究了二斑叶螨在7种不同甜瓜品种上的选择性及其产卵量,并探究了其在活体植株上的种群增长动态。结果表明,离体叶碟上,二斑叶螨对不同甜瓜品种的取食和产卵选择存在明显差异。选择2 h时二斑叶螨在IVF29品种上的成螨数量最低,而在IVF168上成螨数量最高,选择率为28.73%;选择12 h时,二斑叶螨成螨量及产卵量在IVF58和IVF118品种上较低,而在羊角蜜和IVF168品种上表现较高,24 h时选择趋势一致。活体植株上的种群动态结果表明,调查时间段内二斑叶螨种群数量持续升高,第20天时羊角蜜、IVF58和IVF118种群数量(低于400头/株)显著低于IVF117和IVF168的螨量(高于660头/株)。对测试不同时间段内各个参数进行综合比较和分析,二斑叶螨对甜瓜IVF168品种的选择性强、适合度高,而对IVF58和IVF118品种的选择性较差,表明IVF58和IVF118可用于甜瓜生产中的备选品种及高抗螨性甜瓜新品种的选育。     

朱砂叶螨优势种天敌昆虫的评价

对绣球花Hydrangea macrophylla、茄子Solanum melongena和玉米Zea mays 3种植物上朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus天敌昆虫种类及发生数量进行调查,并采用优势度指数评价其优势种,结果表明,3种寄主植物上天敌的种类及其优势种有所不同,绣球花上有深点食螨瓢虫Stethorus punctillum、塔六点蓟马Scolothrips takahashii、食螨瘿蚊Acaroletes sp.和食螨隐翅虫Oligota sp.4种天敌,塔六点蓟马和深点食螨瓢虫为优势种;茄子上有塔六点蓟马、微小花蝽Orius minutus、食螨瘿蚊和深点食螨瓢虫4种天敌昆虫,塔六点蓟马为优势种;玉米上有深点食螨瓢虫、塔六点蓟马和食螨瘿蚊3种天敌昆虫,深点食螨瓢虫为优势种.通过测定各种天敌成虫和幼虫对朱砂叶螨成螨、若螨、幼螨和卵的日捕食量,并引入相对差距和法评价优势种天敌昆虫,结果表明,深点食螨瓢虫和微小花蝽是朱砂叶螨的优势种天敌.     

朱砂叶螨成螨在水中的耐受力

【目的】明确朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus(Boisduval)在雨水中的耐受能力,为评价雨水对朱砂叶螨的控制作用提供理论依据。【方法】本文通过采用玻片浸渍法和录像技术,对朱砂叶螨沉于水中的沉浮比例、耐受力以及足的摆动频率进行研究。【结果】在棉花叶片上接螨饲养5 d后(92.79%±0.55%)的朱砂叶螨沉于水中的比例极显著高于2 d后(42.72%±2.37%)的;3日龄的雌(297.4±16.1)min、雄(297.7±7.4)min成螨之间在水中存活时间差异不明显。雌雄成螨在水中最短存活时间分别为48 min和45 min;雌雄成螨数量大约在300 min内死亡达到一半,雌雄成螨在水中最长存活时间分别为773 min和856 min;雌雄成螨死亡数在时间上分布不均匀。沉在水中朱砂叶螨雌雄成螨死亡过程中表现为:足的摆动频次由高到低,足的摆动时间也非连续状态。【结论】朱砂叶螨成螨在水中有一定的耐受能力。     

4种蔬菜对朱砂叶螨的抗性研究

４种供试蔬菜品种以对朱砂叶螨Ｔｅｔｒａｎｙｃｈｕｓｃｉｎｎａｂａｒｉｎｕｓ（Ｂｏｉｓｄｕｖａｌ）种群生长发育,繁殖及种群密度有明显增加,品种间存在的抗螨性差异,其中苦瓜抗螨性能,丝瓜,茄子,豇豆则表现在不同程度度的感螨性,朱砂叶螨能够取食苦瓜叶片,但发育历期延长,雌成螨寿命缩短,死亡率较高,而且在高苦瓜上不产卵,朱砂叶螨在豇豆,茄子,丝瓜上,发育历期短,雌成螨寿命长,产卵量大,死亡率低,Ｒ０,γｍ     

迷迭香油和花椒油对朱砂叶螨的生物活性

【目的】明确室内条件下迷迭香油和花椒油对朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval)的生物活性。【方法】采用熏蒸法和驱避法测定迷迭香油和花椒油对5日龄朱砂叶螨雌成螨的熏蒸活性、产卵抑制活性和驱避活性;并采用EthoVision XT6分析亚致死浓度下两种精油对雌成螨行为的影响。【结果】分别将5日龄雌成螨熏蒸处理12, 24和48 h后,迷迭香油对朱砂叶螨的致死率均显著高于花椒油处理组（P＜0.05）,且随着熏蒸时间的延长或精油浓度的升高,其熏蒸活性均增强;不同浓度的迷迭香油处理朱砂叶螨雌成螨24 h后的产卵抑制率均显著高于花椒油处理组（P＜0.05）。迷迭香油和花椒油处理朱砂叶螨雌成螨24 h的LC₃₀分别为6.731和120.142 μL/L;迷迭香油对朱砂叶螨雌成螨的驱避活性明显高于花椒油处理组。两种精油亚致死浓度处理朱砂叶螨雌成螨后,其自发运动方式发生了明显变化,移动频率在LC₁₀ 时呈现最高;且迷迭香油对朱砂叶螨雌成螨自发运动能力的影响比花椒油处理的影响更为明显。【结论】迷迭香油对朱砂叶螨的生物活性明显高于花椒油,因此,迷迭香油对朱砂叶螨的生物防治具有较高的应用价值。本研究为绿色蔬菜植物源杀螨剂的研究提供了科学依据。     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Potential Compounds for Oral Cancer Treatment: Resveratrol,Nimbolide, Lovastatin,Bortezomib, Vorinostat,Berberine, Pterostilbene,Deguelin, Andrographolide,and Colchicine

Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.     

New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Stenotrachelidae, Oedemeridae, Meloidae, Myceteridae, Boridae, Pythidae, Pyrochroidae, Anthicidae, and Aderidae

We report 19 new species records for the faunal list of Coleoptera in New Brunswick, Canada, six of which are new records for the Maritime provinces, and one of which is new Canadian record. We also provide the first recent records for five additional species in New Brunswick. One new species of Stenotrachelidae, Cephaloon ungulare LeConte, is added to the New Brunswick faunal list. Additional records are provided for Cephaloon lepturides Newman, as well the first recent record of Nematoplus collaris LeConte. Two species of Oedemeridae, Asclera puncticollis (Say) and Asclera ruficollis (Say), are newly reported for New Brunswick, and additional locality and bionomic data are provided for Calopus angustus LeConte and Ditylus caeruleus (Randall). The records of Ditylus caerulus are the first recent records for the province. Three species of Meloidae, Epicauta pestifera Werner, Lytta sayi LeConte, and Meloe augustcollis Say are reported the first time for New Brunswick; Epicauta pestifera is newly recorded in Canada. Lacconotus punctatus LeConte and the family Mycteridaeis newly recorded for New Brunswick. The first recent records of Borus unicolor Say (Boridae) are reported from the province. One new species of Pythidae, Pytho siedlitzi Blair, and the first recent records of Pytho niger Kirby are added to the faunal list of New Brunswick. Three species of Pyrochroidae are newly reported for the province, including Pedilus canaliculatus (LeConte) and Pedilus elegans (Hentz), which are new for the Maritime provinces. Five species of Anthicidae and the first recent record of Anthicus cervinus LaFerté-Sénectére are newly reported for New Brunswick. Anthicus melancholicus LaFerté-Sénectère, Sapintus pubescens (LaFerté-Sénectère), Notoxus bifasciatus (LeConte), and Stereopalpus rufipes Casey are new to the Maritime provinces faunal list. Ambyderus granularis (LeConte) is removed from the faunal list of the province. Three species of Aderidae, Vanonus huronicus Casey, Zonantes fasciatus (Melsheimer), and Zonantes pallidusWerner, are newly recorded for New Brunswick; Zonantes fasciatus and Vanonus huronicus are new for the Maritime provinces' faunal list. Collection data, bionomic data, and distribution maps are presented for all these species.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.