急性肺栓塞心电图分析研究

目的:通过对急性肺栓塞患者心电图的观察,把握其特征和临床表现,提供诊断急性肺栓塞的依据。方法调查6年间我院30例急性肺栓塞患者的心电图资料,进行回顾性分析。结果:18例T波倒置(占60.00%),8例窦性心动过速(占26.67%),8例ST段下移或抬高(26.67%),8例Ⅲ导联Q波,I导联的S波加深(占26.67%),6例完全性右束阻滞(20.00%)2例心房震颤(占6.66%),3例顺时针向转位(10.00%),2例肺型P波(6.66%)。结论:对于急性肺栓塞,在心电图上表现出丰富的多样性和一过性,应在传统心电图检查的同时,结合临床症状,来诊断急性肺栓塞。     

急性肺栓塞患者溶栓抗凝治疗前后的心电图变化特征研究

目的:研究急性肺栓塞患者溶栓抗凝治疗前后的心电图变化特征。方法:选择2012年1月~2016年12月在我院进行诊治的急性肺栓塞患者80例,所有患者均给予溶栓抗凝治疗(静脉滴注20000 U/kg尿激酶+100 ml 0.9%氯化钠注射液,口服华法林3 mg/次,以及皮下注射低分子肝素0.01 m L/kg)。分别于治疗前后对所有患者行常规12导联同步心电图自动分析仪进行心电图检查,观察80例急性肺栓塞患者溶栓抗凝治疗前后的心电图特征以及心电图变化。结果:经过溶栓抗凝治疗后,80例急性肺栓塞患者的右束支传导阻滞发生率为16.25%(13/80),与治疗前的26.25%(21/80)相比无明显差异(P0.05);胸前导联T波倒置加深的发生率为37.50%(30/80),明显低于治疗前的48.75%(39/80)(P0.05);Ra VR0.06 m V的发生率为3.75%(3/80),明显低于治疗前的25.00%(20/80)(P0.05);窦性心动过速的发生率为5.00%(4/80),明显低于治疗前的71.25%(57/80)(P0.05);SⅠQⅢTⅢ的发生率为6.25%(5/80),明显低于治疗前的46.25%(37/80)(P0.05);肺型P波的发生率为3.75%(3/80),与治疗前的6.25%(5/80)相比无明显差异(P0.05);顺钟向转位的发生率为6.25%(5/80),明显低于治疗前的41.25%(33/80)(P0.05)。结论:溶栓抗凝治疗可以显著改善急性肺栓塞患者的心电图指标,心电图在临床急性肺栓塞的诊断中虽然缺乏特异性,但如果可以结合观察患者治疗前后的心电图变化特征,对该病的诊疗具有重要的临床意义。     

低风险胸痛急性冠状动脉综合征患者心电图特征及其对诊断的价值研究

摘要 目的：分析低风险胸痛急性冠状动脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)患者心电图特征及其对诊断的价值。方法：选择我院自2017年1月至2019年8月接诊的194例疑似低风险胸痛ACS患者,均采取心电图检查和冠状动脉造影检查;分析低风险胸痛ACS患者的心电图特征,观察心电图结果与冠状动脉病变支数、狭窄程度的关系,计算心电图诊断低风险胸痛ACS的特异性、敏感性等效能指标,使用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线下面积(curve,AUC)定量分析ST段偏移值预测主要不良心血管事件的效能。结果：在194例疑似低风险胸痛ACS患者中,低风险胸痛ACS患者134例,低风险不稳定型心绞痛(UA)患者心电图表现以ST-T缺血性改变为主,发作时改变明显或呈现伪性改善;低风险非ST段抬高的心肌梗死(non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,NSTEMI)患者心电图表现为肢体和胸导联ST段压低,T波低平、倒置,ST-T改变持续存在和呈动态衍变;低风险胸痛ACS患者心电图结果与冠状动脉病变支数无关(P＞0.05),与狭窄程度有关(P＜0.05);心电图诊断低风险胸痛ACS的特异性为71.67 %,敏感性为69.40 %,阳性预测值为84.55 %,阴性预测值为51.19 %,符合率为70.62 %;所有患者均获得随访,经ROC曲线分析,ST段偏移值预测低风险胸痛ACS患者发生主要不良心血管事件的最佳截值为1.85 mm,AUC为0.695,对比全球急性冠状动脉事件注册(GRACE)风险评分的0.675,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论：低风险胸痛ACS患者心电图具有多样化,与冠状动脉狭窄程度有关,有助于初步诊断和风险评估,且ST段偏移值预测主要不良心血管事件的效能较好,值得进一步研究应用。     

非典型腺细胞在宫颈细胞学筛查中的临床意义

目的探讨非典型腺细胞(atypical glandular cell, AGC)对宫颈细胞病变的提示意义。方法观察昆明市第一人民医院2013年1月至2017年10月细胞学判读为AGC的79例液基涂片细胞学进行回顾与随访,对其判读要点进行分析。结果 AGC阳性率为0.213%(79/37006);79例AGC中43例行组织病理学检查,其中18例(42%)病理诊断良性,25例(58%)病理学异常; CINⅠ7例(28%);CINⅡ2例(8%);CINⅢ1例(4%);CINⅡ-Ⅲ累腺11例(44%),宫颈腺体不典型增生2例(8%);宫颈腺癌1例(4%);子宫内膜腺癌1例(4%)。结论液基细胞学诊断为AGC的病变具有更高的组织学诊断阳性率,包括鳞状上皮高级别上皮内病变及腺癌,对临床具有更高的阳性提示作用。     

29例心血管疾病误诊原因分析

目的:分析心血管疾病误诊疾病临床特征,探讨致误诊的直接原因、潜在原因,总结诊断经验。方法:我院2009年1月~2013年12月共误诊心血管病29例,回顾性分析相关资料,描述性分析误诊原因。结果:其它疾病误诊为心血管病18例(67.86%),其中胃食管反流6例(33.33%)、肺栓塞5例(27.28%)、低血糖4例(22.22%),风湿性心脏病3例(10.34%)被误诊它病,心血管病相互误诊8例(27.59%),其中变异型心绞痛3例(37.5%)、早期复极综合征3例(37.5%)、急性心肌炎1例(12.5%)、应激性心肌病1例(12.5%);常见的误诊疾病:急性心肌梗死9例、冠心病7例、心源性昏厥4例,等;常见临床表现:不同程度心悸、胸痛、气促变化,心电图改变,心率变化,心肌酶变化,心增大。结论:原发病症状不典型、病型少见、继发血流循环变化与心肌病理改变,是致心血管疾病误诊的主要原因;医师对少见病型临床表现、相关检查表现特点掌握不够,对常见病更重视,注重先抢救后诊断,是致心血管疾病误诊的人为因素。     

43例术后疑似急性肺栓塞分析

目的:探讨影响术后急性肺栓塞(Acute Pulmonary Embolism,APE)的发生和预后的相关因素,以提高对术后肺栓塞的认识和诊疗水平。方法:收集2009.01-2014.12期间南方医院术后疑似急性肺栓塞患者的临床资料,总结其临床特征,分析其诱发因素、临床表现、治疗和预后,探讨其发病的高危因素。结果:共收集术后疑似肺栓塞43例,平均年龄56.09±14.08岁(17~80岁),明确诊断为肺栓塞15例(34.9%),共死亡20例(死亡率46.5%)。其临床表现和体征均具有非特异性,呼吸困难、心悸和晕厥是主要的临床表现。不仅可以发生于下肢、胸腹部(包括妇产科)、颅内等大手术后,也可能发生在介入栓塞术后。相关危险因素很多,包括性别、年龄、恶性肿瘤、全身麻醉、手术时间长等。具有高危因素的患者并具有可疑肺栓塞的临床表现时,结合D-二聚体、动脉血气分析、心电图、胸部X线、超声心动图、下肢彩超可检查协助APE的诊断,而胸部增强CT作为检查手段有利于明确诊断。结论:肺栓塞是手术后致命的并发症之一,早期诊断、早期治疗,能降低术后肺栓塞患者的死亡率。     

急性弥漫性轴索损伤CT与MRI对比的研究

目的:比较急性弥漫性轴索损伤患者CT及MRI表现的不同。方法:选取60例急性弥漫性轴索损伤患者,而CT无异常改变或改变轻微的病例行MRI检查。全部检查均在损伤后6天内完成。GCS评分＜8分44例,9—12分16例。结果:MRI显示具有DAI损伤表现的共41例,阳性率68．3%,其中单独具有DAIⅠ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ型损伤表现的分别为7例、12例和1例,同时具有DAIⅠ和Ⅱ型损伤表现的共12例,同时具有DAJⅠ和Ⅲ型损伤表现的共2例,同时具有DAJⅡ和Ⅲ型损伤表现的共2例,同时具有三型DAI损伤表现的共5例;CT显示具有DAI损伤表现的共3例,阳性率5．0%,其中具有DAIⅠ型损伤表现的2例,具有DAIⅡ型损伤表现的1例,具有DAIⅢ型损伤表现的0例。结论:CT缺乏异常表现或轻微异常表现的急性弥漫性轴索损伤,MRI常常能显示损伤,包括特殊的损伤部位和一些其他类型合并损伤。     

脑室外室管膜瘤的磁共振成像影像表现与病理特征的相关性研究

目的:研究脑室外室管膜瘤的磁共振成像(MRI)影像表现与病理特征的相关性。方法:选取2016年2月-2018年2月我院收治的脑室外室管膜瘤患者40例为研究对象。对所有患者均进行颅脑MRI平扫以及增强扫描检查,分析所有患者的临床病理特征情况,对比不同病理分级、不同病灶直径以及不同病灶部位患者的MRI表现。结果:脑室外室管膜瘤患者中病理分级为Ⅰ-Ⅱ级人数占比为75.00%,高于Ⅲ级的25.00%;病灶直径6 cm人数占比为40.00%,低于病灶直径≥6 cm的60.00%;病灶部位在幕上的人数占比为20.00%,低于在幕下的80.00%。其中21例肿瘤实质部分均呈现稍长T1和稍长T2信号,另有19例肿瘤实质部分均呈等长T1和等长T2信号;所有患者的肿瘤囊性部分均呈长T1和长T2信号。病理分级为Ⅰ-Ⅱ级患者病灶位于浅表的人数占比明显高于Ⅲ级(P0.05),病灶直径6 cm患者合并周围水肿的人数占比高于病灶直径≥6 cm患者(P0.05),病灶部位为幕上患者的MRI表现和病灶部位为幕下患者对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:MRI应用于诊断脑室外室管膜瘤效果明显,可清晰显示脑室外室管膜瘤病灶,且患者的MRI影像表现受病理分级、病灶直径影响。     

急性心肌梗死PCI术后早期T波倒置与左室功能的关系

目的:探讨急性ST段抬高心肌梗死直接PCI术后早期T波倒置与左心室功能的关系.方法:对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死直接PCI术后78例患者,以24小时抬高的T波是否倒置分组,采用超声心动描记术检测左室射血分数、心肌活动指数,评价早期T波倒置与左室功能的关系.结果:早期T波倒置组左心功能优于T波未倒置组(P＜0.01),T波深倒置组左心功能优于浅倒置组(P＜0.05).结论:急性ST段抬高心机梗死早期T波倒置可早期评估左心功能、判断预后.     

高敏肌钙蛋白预测急性冠脉综合征的价值分析

目的:研究早期检测高敏肌钙蛋白对预测及诊断急性冠脉综合征的价值。方法:以2012年1月至2014年07月于我院就诊的82例疑似急性冠脉综合征患者为研究对象,采集血液标本,均分为两组,一组行血清常规肌钙蛋白T(c Tn T)检测,结果归入对照组;一组行血清高敏肌钙蛋白(hs-c Tn I)检测,结果归入观察组。同时行心肌酶谱及心电图检查,以其动态演变为金标准,评价两组敏感度、特异度,绘制ROC曲线。结果:金标准提示共64例阳性患者。观察组检测hs-c Tn I阳性62例,敏感度92.2%(59/64),特异度88.9%(16/18);对照组检查c Tn T阳性59例,敏感度79.7%(51/64),特异度55.6%(10/18),观察组ROC曲线优于对照组(P=0.000)。健康人群肌钙蛋白含量显著性低于急性冠脉综合征患者,差异具备统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:hs-c Tn I检测有助于预测急性冠脉综合征,其诊断敏感度及特异度均较高,可满足现阶段诊治需求。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.