个体化健康教育在基层医院口腔门诊中的应用

目的 探讨个体化健康教育在基层医院口腔疾患防治中的应用效果.方法 通过对60例口腔疾病患者或家属实施个体化健康教育,并与集体宣教教育的60例患者进行对比观察.结果 实施个体化健康教育后,患者或家属对口腔疾患防治知识了解程度明显提高.结论 实施个体化健康教育能提高患者及家属对口腔疾患防治知识知晓程度,有效降低发病率,提高生活质量.     

喉癌全喉切除术后患者生活质量影响因素调查及护理对策

目的:探讨喉癌全喉切除术后患者生活质量影响因素及护理对策.方法:选择82例喉癌全喉切除术后患者为观察组研究对象,选取同期体检的60例健康者为对照组.采用欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织生活质量核心量表(EORTCQLQ-C30)对两组研究对象生活质量进行调查研究,采用Logistic回归对生活质量影响因素进行多因素分析.结果:观察组EORTCQLQ-C30量表各项功能评分及整体生活质量评分显著低于对照组,差别具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);Logistic回归显示:躯体功能、情绪功能及社会功能与患者生活质量显著相关(P＜0.05).结论:喉癌全喉切除术后患者生活质量受多种因素影响,加强对患者的综合护理,有助于提高患者生活质量.     

糖尿病周围神经病变患者生活质量调查研究

目的:探讨糖尿病周围神经病变患者生活质量现状和影响因素.方法:采用自编问卷、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数问卷(PSQI)和汉化版简明健康调查表(SF-36)量表对2010年10月～2012年10月在我院内分泌科住院治疗的50例糖尿病周围神经病变患者和同期50例在我院健康体检者进行测评,采用SPSS16.0软件进行分析找出糖尿病周围神经病变患者生活质量现状和影响因素.结果:糖尿病周围神经病变患者的生活质量明显低于健康体检者,有显著性差异(P＜0.05).多元线性逐步回归分析发现:文化程度高、患者对疾病了解多、社会支持评定量表总分高与糖尿病周围神经病变患者生活质量正相关,而慢性并发症种类多、有睡眠问题、焦虑抑郁标准分高与糖尿病周围神经病变患者生活质量负相关.结论:糖尿病周围神经病变患者生活质量较低,其生活质量受多方面因素的影响,我们应该采取针对性的干预措施来改善患者的生活质量.     

双牙列套式口腔矫正器治疗老年阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征患者的临床疗效观察

目的：探讨双牙列套式口腔矫正器治疗老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)的临床疗效。方法：选取我院诊治的60 例老 年OSAS 患者为研究对象,所有患者均自愿采用双牙列套式口腔矫正器治疗。治疗前后,应用多导睡眠监测仪(PSG)检测和比较 患者的呼吸暂停指数、低通气指数以及血氧饱和度,并评价患者的临床疗效,采用生活质量评价表(SF-6)评价患者生活质量的变 化。结果：①治疗后,患者的呼吸暂停指数、低通气指数均较治疗前明显降低,而血氧饱和度较治疗前显著增加,差异均存在统计 学意义(P<0.05),治疗总有效率为93.33%;②治疗后,患者的躯体功能、躯体健康、躯体疼痛、总体健康感、生命活力、社交功能、情 感角色以及精神健康评分均较治疗前明显提升,差异均存在统计学意义(P 均<0.05)。结论：双牙列套式口腔矫正器不仅能够有效 改善OSAS患者的症状,而且能够提高患者的生活质量,是治疗OSAS较为理想的方法之一。     

益生菌防治龋病的研究进展

随着人们生活水平日益提高,口腔健康越来越受到关注。近年来,益生菌对口腔菌群和宿主健康的调节作用已成为广泛研究的话题。已有证据表明,益生菌可以竞争性地抑制口腔中致病细菌的黏附和定植,分泌抗菌物质以减少病原菌。本文综述了相关益生菌对变形链球菌这一公认的龋齿病原菌的作用,包括:(1)生物表面活性剂、细菌素、胞外多糖等益生菌代谢产物对变形链球菌牙菌生物膜的抑制作用;(2)刺激宿主免疫反应,调节口腔菌群组成;(3)下调或阻断变形链球菌细胞中与黏附在牙齿表面形成生物膜相关的基因表达。     

速效牙痛宁酊辅助根管治疗对慢性牙髓炎患者口腔健康相关生活质量和血清Toll样受体4、CX3C趋化因子配体1的影响

摘要 目的：观察速效牙痛宁酊辅助根管治疗对慢性牙髓炎患者口腔健康相关生活质量和血清CX3C趋化因子配体1（CX3CL1）、Toll样受体4（TLR4）的影响。方法：选取衡水市中医院2019年9月~2021年6月期间收治的87例慢性牙髓炎患者（患牙87颗）,根据随机数字表法分为观察组44例（患牙44颗,给予速效牙痛宁酊辅助根管治疗）、对照组43例（患牙43颗,给予根管治疗）。对比两组临床疗效,观察两组疼痛症状和口腔健康相关生活质量改善情况,比较两组血清TLR4、CX3CL1水平变化,并记录两组不良反应发生情况。结果：观察组的临床总有效率高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗2周后、4周后,两组视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分降低,且观察组较对照组低（P<0.05）。治疗4周后,两组口腔健康影响程度量表（OHIP-14）各领域（社交障碍、心理障碍、功能限制、生理障碍、残障、生理疼痛、心理不适）评分及总分降低,且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗4周后,两组血清CX3CL1、TLR4水平下降,观察组较对照组低（P<0.05）。与对照组比较,观察组并发症总发生率较低（P<0.05）。结论：速效牙痛宁酊辅助根管治疗慢性牙髓炎患者,可有效减轻疼痛症状,提高口腔健康相关生活质量,作用机制可能与调节血清TLR4、CX3CL1水平有关。     

口腔微生态的研究进展

口腔微生物与人体始终处于动态生态平衡状态,对于维护人体的健康发挥重要的作用,也与多种口腔疾病的发生发展有密切关系.随着现代科学技术的发展,越来越多的新技术、新方法用于口腔微生态领域的研究,这使得人们对口腔微生态的认识不断深入.以下将从口腔微生态的组成、口腔微生态与机体的关系及其研究方法三个方面简要介绍近年来口腔微生态的相关研究进展.     

矮小症儿童健康相关生活质量与家庭功能和社会适应能力的相关性分析

摘要 目的：探讨矮小症儿童健康相关生活质量与家庭功能、社会适应能力的相关性。方法：选择我院内分泌代谢科2018年5月～2021年5月收治的矮小症患儿80例为矮小症组,另随机抽取同期于我院进行体检的80例正常身高的儿童作为对照组。分别采用儿童生活质量核心通用量表（PedsQL4.0）、家庭亲密度与适应性量表（FACES Ⅱ-CV）、儿童适应行为评定量表（SAB）评估两组受试者的健康相关生活质量、家庭功能、社会适应能力并进行比较。利用Pearson相关系数分析PedsQL4.0评分与FACESⅡ-CV、SAB评分的相关性。结果：矮小症组PedsQL4.0各维度（学校功能、情感功能、生理功能、社交功能）评分及总分均低于对照组（P＜0.05）。矮小症组FACESⅡ-CV分量表评分（亲密度量表、适应性量表）及总分均低于对照组（P＜0.05）。矮小症组SAB各因子（独立功能因子、认知功能因子、社会/自制因子）评分及适应能力商数（ADQ）均低于对照组（P＜0.05）。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,矮小症患儿的PedsQL4.0评分与亲密度量表评分、适应性量表评分、FACESⅡ-CV总分、独立功能因子评分、认知功能因子评分、社会/自制因子评分以及ADQ均呈正相关（P＜0.05）。结论：矮小症患儿健康相关生活质量受家庭功能以及社会适应能力的影响,通过改善家庭亲密度,提高患儿的社会适应能力,可能对提升矮小症患儿生活质量有益。     

益生元对口腔健康促进作用和机制研究进展

口腔微生物群落的动态平衡是维持口腔健康的关键因素。益生元是一类具有选择性、能够促进体内有益菌代谢增殖从而改善宿主健康的有机物质,主要通过调节口腔微生物生长代谢、抑制口腔菌斑生物膜形成、调节宿主免疫反应、参与硝酸盐-亚硝酸盐-一氧化氮代谢循环通路、调节氧化应激反应等途径调控口腔微生态,从而对口腔常见疾病,如龋齿、牙周病、口腔黏膜病的防治起到积极作用。本文主要就近年来益生元在口腔健康中的作用及相关机制的研究情况进行综述。     

同步实施家属健康教育对甲状腺癌手术患者生活质量的影响

目的:探讨同步实施家属健康教育对甲状腺癌手术患者生活质量的影响,为改善甲状腺癌手术患者的生活质量提供可能的途径。方法:选择78例甲状腺癌手术患者及其家属作为研究对象,并将其随机分为对照组和干预组,每组39例,对照组给予常规治疗、护理及健康教育;干预组在接受常规治疗、护理及健康教育的同时,同步对其家属实施健康教育。分别于健康教育干预前、干预1个月、6个月后采用生活质量问卷(QL-Index)及抑郁自评量表(SDS)评价和比较两组患者的生活质量评分和抑郁症状评分。结果:健康教育干预1个月、6个月后,干预组的角色功能、社会功能、情绪功能、总体生活质量得分均显著高于干预前(P<0.05),且高于同时点的对照组(P<0.05);干预组的抑郁症状评分均显著低于干预前(P<0.05),且明显低于同时点的对照组(P<0.05)。结论:同步实施家属健康教育可以显著提高甲状腺癌手术患者的生活质量,并降低患者的抑郁水平。     

OVX1 and CEA in patients with colon carcinoma, colon polyps and benign colon disorders

The OVX1 tumor marker promises to complement CA125 for detection of early stage ovarian carcinoma. OVX1 has also been shown to be elevated in colon cancer patients. This study is designed to assess serum OVX1 levels in patients with specific stages of colon cancer, colon polyps or other GI disorders. Serum OVX1 and CEA were measured by radioimmunoassay or enzyme immunoassay for 206 patients at the time of colonoscopy or staging for colon carcinoma. In patients with stage I, II, III, or IV colon carcinoma, serum OVX1 was positive in 37%, 48%, 74% and 63%, respectively. Fifty-three percent of patients with colon polyps had elevated OVX1 levels, while OVX1 levels were positive in only 7% of healthy controls. If both OVX1 and CEA were considered, at least one of these markers was elevated in 36%, 60%, 79% or 89% of patients with stage I, II, III or IV colon carcinoma, respectively. The majority of patients with inflammatory bowel disease or diverticulosis also had elevated OVX1 levels. Both markers were positive in 27% of patients with colon carcinoma, and not in any patients with a normal colonoscopy or with a diagnosis of diverticulosis or hemorrhoids. In conclusion, serum OVX1 improves the sensitivity of CEA for detecting colon polyps and colon cancer; however, the use of OVX1 in this setting is hindered by its elevation in non-malignant colonic processes.     

The irritable colon

The irritable colon syndrome is a very common disorder with no serious sequelae. The cause is unknown but low dietary bulk and psychological factors are believed important. Sufferers may experience various combinations of diarrhea, constipation and abdominal pain. The mechanisms are obscure but abnormal colon motility has been amply demonstrated. Serious organic diseases such as colitis and carcinoma of the colon must be firmly excluded. Treatment consists of sympathetic explanation and reassurance, increased dietary bulk and occasional judicious use of antispasmodic agents.     

Normal human colon cells suppress malignancy when fused with colon cancer cells

Summary Normal human colon mucosa cells and cells obtained from histologically normal tissues near that cancer were fused with human colon cancer cells. Resultant hybrid populations of normal and malignant cell fusions behaved as nonmalignant cells in culture, were unable to grow in soft agar, did not express tumor-associated antigens, and were nontumorigenic in nude mice. Autofusion of the cancer cell population led to a phenotype intermediate between normal and malignant cells. That is, the cultures had a much lower plating efficiency in soft agar, and the tumors had a longer latency and slower growth rate in nude mice. This is the first cell culture system to demonstrate that normal epithelial cells can suppress malignancy of their autologous cancer cells, and is a prelude to more extensive studies of genetic events involved in malignant conversion of human colonic epithelium. This study was supported by The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Center for Human Cell Biotechnology and a graduate student stipend (T. J.) from the Department of Cellular and Structural Biology.     

Carcinoma of the colon

In a study of statistical data on 1,215 patients with carcinoma of the colon observed at a university hospital in a twenty-year period, it was noted that the overwhelming majority of patients who were living five years after operation had had no demonstrable extension to lymph nodes at the time of operation. In an increasing proportion of cases in the latter years of the period, diagnosis was made before the lesion was beyond an operable stage. What with today's better surgical techniques that make it possible to adapt operation to a variety of situations that may be encountered when the diseased area is visualized, and with better methods of preparing a patient and of sustaining him during operation, the wide excision so often necessary for cure may now be carried out deliberately and without hurry. The site of the lesion has great bearing on the prognosis, owing to the limits upon the extent of operation in some locations as against the possibility of wide excision of the original lesion and areas of metastasis in others.     

Polyamines and colon cancer

In colon cancer, the activities of polyamine-synthesizing enzymes and polyamine content are increased 3-4-fold over that found in the equivalent normal colonic mucosa, and polyamines have even been attributed as markers of neoplastic proliferation in the colon. Furthermore, and in contrast with all other cell systems in the body, normal and neoplastic cells in the colon are exposed to high concentrations of putrescine from the lumen, synthesized by colonic microflora. While such a high polyamine supply may be of benefit in non-neoplastic colonic mucosal growth, the role of luminal polyamines in colon cancer is a clear concern. Luminal polyamines are readily taken up by neoplastic colonocytes, they are utilized in full to support neoplastic growth, and their uptake is strongly up-regulated by the mitogens known to play an important role in colonic carcinogenesis. Inhibition of polyamine synthesis and their uptake, impaired utilization of exogenous polyamines, and enhanced catabolism of polyamines in neoplastic colonocytes are therefore logical approaches in the chemoprevention of colorectal cancer.