芳香疗法联合产后康复按摩对产褥期心理状态的改善作用

目的:探讨芳香疗法联合产后康复按摩对产褥期产妇心理状态的改善作用。方法:将2010年8月至2012年8月在广州市妇女儿童医疗中心分娩的产妇204例随机分为对照组及实验组,其中对照组99例,采取常规产后处理,实验组105例,给予产后康复精油按摩治疗。应用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)及症状自评量表(SCL-90)对两组产妇在产前两天及产后一周的心理状态进行测评,将所得数据与全国常模相比,并进行组间比较。结果:实验组与对照组产前心理状况无显著性差异(P0.05);两组产妇产前SCL-90测试结果在抑郁、焦虑等因子得分显著高于全国成人常模,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),产后实验组与对照组相比,抑郁倾向明显减少,焦虑得分明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:分娩对产妇的心理状态会产生明显影响,芳香疗法联合产后康复按摩能明显改善产妇的产褥期心理状态。     

瘢痕子宫再次住院妊娠不同分娩方式的研究

目的:探讨瘢痕子宫妇女再次妊娠后采用不同分娩方式的临床效果,为今后瘢痕子宫产妇分娩提供可靠经验和指导.方法:选择从2011年5月至2012年10月在我院门诊检查并收住入院的120例瘢痕子宫再次妊娠孕妇,将120例再次妊娠产妇平均分为两组,分别是剖宫产组和阴道分娩组,对比两组孕妇产后新生儿窒息情况、产后出血及产后发热等情况.结果:通过统计后发现采用剖宫产组产妇在平均产后出血量、新生儿窒息等方面与阴道分娩组差异不大,但和初产妇剖宫产之间差距较多.结论:瘢痕子宫妇女再次妊娠后可以采用阴道分娩方式分娩,在分娩前后做好准备工作和产妇心理疏导,值得临床使用.     

团体辅导对产妇产后抑郁的影响

目的:团体辅导对产妇产后抑郁情绪的影响。方法:选择唐山某医院产科住院足月分娩、无精神病史、无产前、产中及产后合并症者,且婴儿健康的产妇240例,随机分成两组,实验组产妇在产后进行4-6次的团体心理辅导;对照组产妇实施常规护理。在产后第7、42天利用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表（EPDS）进行两次抑郁情绪评定。结果:两组产妇产后7天（t=7.798,P=0.000）、42天（t=3.147,P=0.002）的抑郁评分差异有统计学意义,且初产妇的干预效果要好于经产妇(t_7th=3.393,t_42nd=4.284,P<0.005)。结论:团体辅导对改善产妇产后抑郁状态有明显效果。     

自然分娩和剖宫产发生产后腰背痛的差异及相关因素分析

目的:比较自然分娩和剖宫产产妇术后发生腰背痛的情况差异及其相关影响因素。方法:选择2014年10月~2016年10月于我院就诊的400例产妇。按照分娩方式的不同分为自然分娩组和剖宫产组,每组各200例。比较两组产妇产后2、3、4个月腰背痛的发生率及疼痛(VAS)评分,并通过logistic回归分析探讨发生产后腰背痛的影响因素。结果:剖宫产组术后2、3、4个月产妇腰背痛的发生率均明显高于自然分娩组(P0.05);术后2个月,两组产妇腰背痛的VAS评分接近,术后3、4月剖宫产组产妇的VAS评分均显著高于自然分娩组(P0.05);生育超过3次、腰背痛史、剖宫产与产后腰背痛的发生密切相关(P0.05)。结论:剖宫产后腰背痛的发病率显著高于采取自然分娩方式的产妇,既往腰背痛史、分娩方式、生育次数、胎儿体重均与是产后腰背痛相关影响因素。     

初乳中主要组分的动态变化及产妇年龄和剖宫产的影响

测定了来自20位健康母亲(其中8位为剖宫产)的118份初乳(泌乳第1～7d)中乳糖和蛋白质浓度.通过线性模型,分析产妇年龄和剖宫产对乳糖和蛋白质含量的影响.结果表明,乳糖在泌乳第1d最低,在泌乳1w内增加,其中泌乳第1d的乳糖浓度极显著低于第7d(P＜0.01).乳蛋白的浓度在泌乳第1d最高,泌乳1w内下降,其中前3d水平显著或极显著高于第7d(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).初乳中乳糖和乳蛋白含量呈极显著负相关(r=-0.523,P＜0.01).剖宫产母亲初乳中乳糖含量显著低于顺产(P＜0.05),剖宫产与顺产母亲初乳中蛋白质含量差异不显著(P＞0.05).产妇年龄的大小与初乳中蛋白质和乳糖含量均无显著关系(P＞0.05).     

不同麻醉方式分娩镇痛对产程及母婴结局的影响

目的:探讨不同麻醉方式分娩镇痛对产程及母婴结局的影响。方法:选取2016年7月至2018年7月我院收治的154例分娩镇痛产妇为研究对象,根据随机抽签原则将受试者进行分组,对照组77例产妇接受常规的静脉麻醉镇痛,研究组77例产妇接受硬膜外麻醉镇痛,比较两组产妇的产程时间、疼痛分级、母婴结局及24h泌乳情况。结果:研究组产妇的产程时间显著短于对照组(P0.05),0级及Ⅰ级疼痛的比率显著低于对照组(P0.05),Ⅱ级及Ⅲ级疼痛的比率显著高于对照组(P0.05),产妇阴道助产、中转剖宫产、尿潴留及产后出血量均显著少于对照组(P0.05),新生儿宫内窘迫及窒息的发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。两组新生儿出生后1 min、5 min及10 min的Apgar评分比较无统计学差异(P0.05),研究组产妇产后24h有效泌乳率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:硬膜外麻醉镇痛可有效缩短产程时间,减轻疼痛,改善母婴结局,促进产后泌乳。     

硬膜外麻醉分娩镇痛临床分析

目的:观察硬膜外麻醉用于分娩镇痛的效果及对产程、母婴的影响.方法:选择300例足月单胎、产前检查无阴道分娩禁忌、无椎管内硬膜穿刺禁忌的初产妇.ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ级,随机分为硬膜外麻醉作为观察组,自然分娩组作为对照组,每组150例.观察产妇的生命体征,镇痛效果、产程时间、产后出血量、分娩方式、新生儿Apgar评分.结果:观察组产妇镇痛有效率为95.33%,活跃期与对照组相比明显缩短(p＜0.01),第二产程时间及产后出血量与对照组相比无显著差异(P＞0.05),剖宫产率明显低于对照组的剖宫产率(P＜0.05);两组新生儿Apgar评分均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论:硬膜外麻醉镇痛效果确切,相对安全,是目前分娩镇痛的理想方法.     

非药物分娩镇痛仪联合导乐陪伴分娩促进自然分娩的临床研究

目的:探讨应用非药物分娩镇痛仪(导乐仪))联合导乐陪伴对分娩方式和分娩结局的影响。方法:将2014年8月～2015年8月在哈尔滨医科大学附属四院产科住院传统方式分娩的450例产妇设为对照组,2016年9月～2017年9月应用导乐仪联合导乐陪伴分娩的500例产妇设为观察组,比较两组产妇分娩活跃期的疼痛评分、分娩方式、产程时间、产后出血情况、新生儿窒息率、产后初乳分泌时间、纯母乳喂养率及产后抑郁的发生情况。结果:与对照组相比,观察组产妇中重度疼痛比例明显低于对照组(P0.01),剖宫产率明显降低,总产程明显缩短,经阴分娩率显著升高(P0.01)。观察组产妇产后出血量112.3±38.6 m L,明显低于对照组(152.7±80.5 m L,P0.05)。观察组新生儿窒息率(1.6%)显著低于对照组(12.8%,P0.05),初乳分泌时间明显短于对照组(P0.05),且纯母乳喂养率显著高于对照组(P0.05),产后抑郁倾向发生率显著低于对照组(P0.01)。结论:非药物分娩镇痛仪联合导乐陪伴分娩缩短了产程,降低了新生儿窒息率,减少了产后出血,也提高了自然分娩率和产妇的满意率。     

团体辅导对产妇产后抑郁的影响

目的：团体辅导对产妇产后抑郁情绪的影响。方法：选择唐山莱医院产科住院足月分娩、无精神病史、无产前、产中及产后合并症者,且婴儿健康的产妇240例,随机分成两组,实验组产妇在产后进行4—6次的团体心理辅导;对照组产妇实施常规护理。在产后第7、42天利用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表（EPDS）进行两次抑郁情绪评定。结果：两组产妇产后7天（t-=-7．798,P=0．000）、42天（t=：3．147,P=-0．002）的抑郁评分差异有统计学意义,且初产妇的干预效果要好于经产妇（t7th产3．393,t42nd=4．284,P〈0．005）。结论：团体辅导对改善产妇产后抑郁状态有明显效果。     

定君生调整自然分娩后阴道菌群失调的临床探讨

目的了解自然分娩后阴道菌群的改变及其危害,探讨定君生用于恢复自然分娩后阴道菌群失调的效果。方法分别对57例正常体检妇女、50例晚期妊娠妇女和45例自然分娩产后妇女进行阴道pH检测,同时取阴道分泌物进行细菌培养。另外,选择产后42d来我院复查的产妇72例,随机分为两组,定君生组42例,连续应用定君生10d,对照组30例,对其中已存在阴道感染的患者应用达克宁栓或复方甲硝唑栓进行治疗,疗程均为10d,对比分析两组的阴道炎发生情况。结果产后阴道乳酸杆菌检出率明显低于孕前期和妊娠期（P〈0．01）,产后阴道pH高于孕前期,两者之间差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01）。产后阴道厌氧菌的比例下降,非正常菌和条件致病菌增多。产后42d细菌和念珠菌性阴道病的发生率为15．3％,产后3个月定君生组细菌和念珠菌性阴道病的发生率均明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论自然分娩可导致阴道菌群失调,使产后妇女易患细菌和念珠菌性阴道病,应用定君生可恢复阴道内乳酸杆菌的优势地位,对于防治产后细菌和念珠菌性阴道病具有重要作用。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.