高糖诱导的大鼠原代心肌细胞损伤对程序性坏死的影响及其机制*

目的: 探讨程序性坏死在高糖诱导的大鼠原代心肌细胞损伤中的变化及可能机制。方法: 原代大鼠心肌细胞随机分为4组(n=9):正常对照组(Control,5.5 mmol/L葡萄糖培养心肌细胞48 h)、高糖组(HG,30 mmol/L葡萄糖培养心肌细胞48 h)、HG+Nec-1(30 mmol/L葡萄糖+100 μmol/L程序性坏死关键蛋白RIP1抑制剂Nec-1共同培养心肌细胞48 h)组、高渗组(HPG,5.5 mmol/L葡萄糖+24.5 mmol/L甘露醇共同培养心肌细胞48 h)。MTT法检测各组心肌细胞活力,DHE荧光染色检测细胞氧化应激水平,ELISA法检测心肌细胞TNF-α、IL-6及IL-1β水平,Real-time PCR和Western blot分别检测各组程序性坏死关键蛋白RIP1、RIP3、MLKL mRNA和蛋白水平的表达情况。结果: 与Control组相比,HG组心肌细胞活力明显降低(P＜0.01),氧化应激水平明显增高(P＜0.01),TNF-α、IL-6及IL-1β水平升高明显(P＜0.01),RIP1、RIP3、MLKL mRNA及蛋白水平表达均明显升高(P＜0.05);与HG组相比,HG+Nec-1组心肌细胞活力明显升高(P＜0.01),氧化应激水平明显下降(P＜0.01),TNF-α、IL-6及 IL-1β水平明显降低(P＜0.01), RIP1、RIP3、MLKL mRNA及蛋白水平表达均下降(P＜0.05)。结论: 高糖诱导的原代大鼠心肌细胞损伤可引起程序性坏死的发生;抑制程序性坏死可减轻细胞损伤的机制,可能与抑制氧化应激、减轻炎症反应有关。     

甘草次酸对甲状腺癌细胞SW579 凋亡的影响及其机制*

目的:研究甘草次酸对甲状腺癌细胞SW579凋亡的影响及其可能的机制。方法:甲状腺癌细胞SW579分成4组,每组设置5个复孔,对照组为含10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基;低浓度甘草次酸组为含浓度50 μmol/L+ 10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基;中浓度甘草次酸组为含浓度100 μmol/L+ 10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基;高浓度甘草次酸组为含浓度200 μmol/L+ 10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基;各组在5%的二氧化碳培养箱中孵育24 h和48 h后,通过Annexin V / PI双标记流式细胞术检测甲状腺癌细胞SW579的凋亡比例,蛋白质印迹法检测检PI3K、AKT1、p-AKT蛋白的表达。结果:与对照组比较,孵育24 h及48 h后,50 μmol/L甘草次酸组凋亡细胞比例有所升高,AKT1、p-AKT、PI3K蛋白的相对表达量变化不明显,均无显著性差异(P＞0.05);100 μmol/L和200 μmol/L甘草次酸组的凋亡细胞比例均显著升高,AKT1、p-AKT蛋白的相对表达量均明显降低 (P＜0.05)。结论:100 μmol/L和200 μmol/L的甘草次酸可通过抑制AKT蛋白的表达促进甲状腺癌细胞SW579 凋亡。     

地高辛通过下调AEG-1表达抑制人胃癌MKN45细胞迁移和侵袭

本研究旨在观察地高辛对人胃癌MKN45细胞迁移和侵袭能力的影响,并探讨其分子机制。取人胃癌MKN45细胞作为研究对象,采用Transwell法检测细胞迁移和侵袭能力,通过脂质体转染法将星形细胞上调基因-1(astrocyte elevated gene-1,AEG-1)sh RNA干扰质粒转染MKN45细胞以构建低表达AEG-1的细胞株,利用Western blot法检测基质金属蛋白酶-9(matrix metalloproteinase-9,MMP-9)、E-钙粘蛋白(E-cadherin)和AEG-1等蛋白的表达变化。结果显示,地高辛可使MKN45细胞迁移率和侵袭率均显著下降(P0.05),下调MMP-9和AEG-1蛋白表达水平(P0.05)以及上调E-cadherin蛋白表达水平(P0.05),上述作用均具有剂量依赖性。经sh RNA干扰AEG-1基因表达后,MKN45细胞中AEG-1蛋白表达水平显著下降(P0.05);同时AEG-1干扰组MKN45细胞中E-cadherin蛋白表达水平显著升高(P0.05),细胞迁移率、侵袭率和MMP-9蛋白表达水平均显著下降(P0.05)。上述结果提示,地高辛可在体外剂量依赖性地抑制人胃癌MKN45细胞迁移和侵袭,这可能与地高辛抑制AEG-1蛋白表达,继而下调MMP-9蛋白表达和上调E-cadherin蛋白表达有关。     

锌指蛋白ZFP580在全反式维甲酸调节大鼠血管平滑肌细胞迁移中的作用及机制

目的:探讨锌指基因ZFP580在全反式维甲酸(ATRA)调节VSMCs迁移功能中的作用及其机制。方法:分离,培养并鉴定大鼠主动脉VSMCs;分别予以0、5、10、20 μmol/L ATRA刺激VSMCs 24h,以0 μmol/L ATRA组为对照组,观察不同溶度ATRA刺激不同时间对VSMCs迁移能力的影响或给予0、20 μmol/L ATRA刺激VSMCs 24、48、72h,观察ATRA刺激不同时间对VSMCs迁移能力的影响;QPCR及Western blot检测ATRA刺激VSMCs后ZFP580的mRNA和蛋白表达变化;应用ERK抑制剂PD98059抑制ERK的蛋白表达,观察ERK信号蛋白表达变化对ATRA刺激后ZFP580蛋白表达的影响;腺病毒转染技术获得过表达或低表达ZFP580的VSMCs,QPCR及Western blot检测MMP-2和MMP-9、ZFP580蛋白和mRNA表达水平。结果:分离的VSMCs在培养10d后,免疫荧光显示平滑肌细胞特异性标记物SM22α抗体阳性。与对照组相比,5、10、20 μmol/L ATRA预刺激分别降低了32%、43%和59%的VSMCs迁移能力;20 μmol/L ATRA刺激VSMCs与对照组相比,在24、48、72h分别降低49%、36%和22%细胞迁移能力。ZFP580的mRNA和蛋白表达随着ATRA刺激溶度的增加和刺激时间的延长而升高。ERK在ATRA刺激15min即显著升高,运用ERK抑制剂PD98059(20 μmol/L)预处理抑制ERK蛋白表达并降低了ATRA诱导ZFP580的蛋白表达。过表达ZFP580降低MMP-2和MMP-9的mRNA和蛋白表达,反之,低表达ZFP580则上调了MMP-2和MMP-9的mRNA和蛋白表达。结论:ATRA可通过ERK信号通路上调ZFP580的表达,而ZFP580通过调控MMP-2和MMP-9的表达参与ATRA对VSMCs迁移的抑制作用。     

增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)对绒毛外滋养层细胞侵袭和迁移的影响

为了探讨邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)对人绒毛外滋养层细胞HTR-8/Svneo侵袭和迁移的影响及机制,分别采用MTT法和流式细胞术确定DEHP的作用浓度,Transwell小室检测DEHP对细胞侵袭和迁移能力的影响,Rea;-time PCR和Western blot检测侵袭与迁移相关因子表达的变化。研究结果显示:100μmol/L及以上浓度的DEHP可促进HTR-8/Svneo细胞侵袭、迁移及MMP-2、MMP-9的表达,并上调p38、JNK的磷酸化,而DEHP的作用受p38与JNK的抑制剂拮抗。由此证明DEHP可通过p38、JNK信号通路上调MMP-2、MMP-9的表达,进而促进HTR-8/Svneo细胞侵袭和迁移。     

抑制JNK通路对胃癌细胞SGC7901增殖、凋亡、迁移和周期的影响

探讨JNK通路抑制剂SP600125对胃癌细胞SGC7901增殖、凋亡、迁移和周期的影响及其机制。以胃癌细胞SGC7901为研究对象,实验分为空白对照组及药物处理组,采用CCK-8法检测不同浓度及不同作用时间SP600125对SGC7901增殖活性的影响,筛选出最佳作用时间与浓度用于后续实验。通过流式细胞术检测SP600125对SGC7901凋亡和周期的影响。Transwell迁移实验检测其对SGC7901迁移能力的影响。Western blotting检测SP600125作用后各组细胞GM130、JNK、p-JNK、c-jun、cleaved caspase-3、bcl-2、MMP-7蛋白水平的变化。研究表明,与空白对照组相比,10μmol/L、20μmol/L、30μmol/L、40μmol/L、50μmol/L浓度均能使SGC7901增殖活性降低,且在40μmol/L水平作用24 h其增殖抑制率最高(p0.05)。在此水平可使细胞凋亡率明显增加(p0.001)。与空白对照组相比,药物处理组细胞处于G2/M期的比例显著增加(p0.01),处于G0/G1期比例减少(p0.01),S期无明显变化,细胞迁移能力也明显下降(p0.01)。Western blotting显示药物处理组与空白对照组相比,蛋白GM130(p0.01)、JNK(p0.01)、P-JNK(p0.01)、c-jun(p0.01)、BCL-2(p0.01)、MMP-7(p0.05)的表达明显下降,cleaved caspase-3表达升高(p0.01)。以上研究表明JNK通路抑制剂SP600125可抑制胃癌细胞SGC7901增殖活性,促进其凋亡,使其周期阻滞于G2/M期,抑制胃癌细胞迁移能力,这可能与其抑制GM130、c-jun、MMP-7等蛋白的表达有关。     

钙周期素结合蛋白促进胃癌细胞迁移侵袭和MMP-2、MMP-9、p-ERK1/2、p-AKT水平上调

目的探讨钙周期素结合蛋白(calcyclin binding protein/Siah-1-interacting protein, CacyBP/SIP)对胃癌细胞侵袭迁移的影响和潜在机制。方法采用免疫组织化学和Western blot方法检测不同T分期胃癌组织中CacyBP/SIP水平;Western blot检测胃癌细胞中CacyBP/SIP水平;MKN-45细胞转染si-CacyBP/SIP与Ad-CacyBP/SIP后,细胞划痕实验检测细胞迁移情况,Transwell细胞侵袭实验检测细胞侵袭情况,Western blot检测MMP-2、MMP-9和p-ERK1/2、p-AKT水平。结果 CacyBP/SIP在胃癌组织和胃癌细胞中高表达;胃癌组织中CacyBP/SIP表达水平与T分期呈正相关;敲减CacyBP/SIP抑制MKN-45细胞的迁移侵袭能力和MMP-2、MMP-9、p-ERK1/2、p-AKT蛋白表达水平;过表达CacyBP/SIP促进MKN-45细胞迁移侵袭能力和MMP-2、MMP-9、p-ERK1/2、p-AKT蛋白表达水平。结论 CacyBP/SIP对胃癌转移侵袭能力的促进作用可能与其上调MMP-2、MMP-9、p-ERK1/2、p-AKT水平有关。     

2-12烷基-6-甲氧基环己基-2,5-二烯-1,4-二酮(DMDD)抗弥漫大B淋巴瘤的作用及机制*

目的:探讨2-12烷基-6-甲氧基环己基-2,5-二烯-1,4-二酮(DMDD)抗弥漫大B淋巴瘤(DLBCL)的作用及分子机制。方法:动物实验取4周龄BALB/C小鼠,分5组,20只/组,腹股沟注射DLBCL细胞株OCI-LY19细胞1 × 10⁷ cells/ml 每只0.1 ml,两天后分别灌胃0、1、5、25、125 mg/kg剂量的DMDD,1次/2天,给药的第18日,杀10只小鼠,取瘤组织称重,记录剩余小鼠的生存期。细胞实验取OCI-LY19细胞加入96孔培养板,每孔100 μl 1×10⁵ cells/ml,分别加入100 μl DMDD使其终浓度分别为0、1、5、25和125 μmol/L,作用0、24、48和72 h,设三复孔,MTS法检测细胞增殖活性;根据细胞增殖实验结果,选择0 μmol/L、5 μmol/L和25 μmol/L的DMDD作为后续用药浓度作用OCI-LY19细胞24 h,流式细胞仪分析凋亡率,hoechst染色观察细胞核型,JC-1染色观察线粒体膜电位,LDH释放实验评估药物细胞毒性,qPCR、Western blot分析基因转录和表达水平。结果:动物实验表明:与0 mg/kg用药组比,1～125 mg/kg DMDD能抑制小鼠瘤组织生长并延长其生存期(P＜0.01)。细胞实验表明:DMDD用药组OCI-LY19细胞增殖活性明显降低、凋亡水平显著增加(P＜0.01),细胞核出现碎裂、凝集和凋亡小体及线粒体膜电位下降,LDH释放率显著增加(P＜0.01),细胞内caspase-3和bax基因的转录表达和IκBα的磷酸化水平显著上调,bcl-2、bcl-xL、jak2和stat3基因的转录和蛋白表达水平明显受抑(P＜0.01)。结论:DMDD通过抑制JAK2/STAT3和NF-κB信号通路中JAK2、STAT3和p-IκBα的表达,下调BCL-2/BAX、活化Caspase-3,最终激活OCI-LY19细胞线粒体凋亡的内源性通路而促进了DLBCL细胞凋亡,抑制了OCI-LY19细胞增殖,具有抗DLBCL的作用。     

人参皂苷Rg5对胃癌细胞周期和侵袭的影响及其机制

目的:观察ginsenoside-Rg5 (Rg5) 对胃癌细胞周期和侵袭的影响,并探讨其机制。方法:采用不同浓度人参皂苷ginsenoside-Rg3 (Rg3)和Rg5 (10、20、30、40、50 μmol/L) 处理人正常胃粘膜细胞GES-1和胃癌细胞株AGS、MKN-45 24 h,每个浓度设3个复孔。通过CCK-8检测细胞存活率。通过流式细胞仪检测细胞周期、Transwell小室分析迁移和免疫印迹法及ELISA法检测相关蛋白。结果:CCK8 实验结果显示人参皂苷Rg3和Rg5 对GES-1细胞无毒副作用,但可以抑制胃癌细胞AGS和MKN-45的增值。且Rg5抗胃癌细胞的活性强于Rg3。 20 μmol/L Rg5诱导MKN-45细胞发生S期阻滞通过降低CyclinA1/CDK2/PCNA 的表达和升高P21^CIPI蛋白表达。Rg5还可以抑制MKN-45癌细胞的迁移通过降低MMP2和MMP9的表达。WB结果显示Rg5抑制胃癌增殖及迁移主要是通过抑制Notch1蛋白的表达从而调控其下游的周期及侵袭相关蛋白。结论:Rg5抗胃癌细胞活性高于Rg3且通过调控Notch1通路抑制细胞增殖和迁移。     

二氢杨梅素通过下调JNK信号拮抗高糖诱导的PC12细胞凋亡

本文探讨二氢杨梅素(dihydromyricetin,DHM)是否通过下调JNK信号拮抗高糖诱导的PC12细胞凋亡.使用四甲基偶氮唑盐法(MTT)检测PC12细胞活力;流式细胞仪检测PC12细胞早、晚期凋亡及死亡细胞率;Hoechst 33258染色观察凋亡细胞核变化;蛋白质印迹法(Western blotting)检测PC12细胞凋亡相关蛋白(Bax、Bcl-2、cleaved-Caspase-3)和p-JNK蛋白的表达.结果发现,不同浓度的葡萄糖(4.5、9.0、13.5、18.0 g/L)分别处理PC12细胞24、48、72、96 h后,发现浓度为13.5 g/L的高糖处理PC12细胞72 h可明显改变细胞形态、降低细胞活力、增加细胞凋亡率,同时促凋亡蛋白(Bax、Caspase-3)表达增加、抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表达降低,提示:长时间高糖处理可诱导PC12细胞凋亡.DHM(15μmol/L)预处理能明显改善高糖诱导的PC12细胞凋亡,降低高糖诱导的PC12细胞中JNK和p-JNK蛋白的表达;进一步用JNK激动剂(茴香霉素)处理能取消DHM对高糖诱导PC12细胞凋亡的保护作用.综上,得出结论:DHM通过下调JNK信号拮抗高糖诱导的PC12细胞凋亡.     

Antitumor effects of the flavone chalcone: inhibition of invasion and migration through the FAK/JNK signaling pathway in human gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells

Chalcones (benzylideneacetophenone) are cancer-preventive food components found in a human diet rich in fruits and vegetables. In this study, we first report the chemopreventive effect of chalcone in human gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines: AGS. The results showed that chalcone could inhibit the abilities of the adhesion, invasion, and migration by cell–matrix adhesion assay, Boyden chamber invasion/migration assay, and wound-healing assay. Molecular data showed that the effect of chalcone in AGS cells might be mediated via sustained inactivation of the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 and 2 (JNK1/2) signal involved in the downregulation of the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Next, chalcone-treated AGS cells showed tremendous decrease in the phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitor of kappaBα (IκBα), the nuclear level of NF-κB, and the binding ability of NF-κB to NF-κB response element. Furthermore, treating FAK small interfering RNA (FAK siRNA) and specific inhibitor for JNK (SP600125) to AGS cells could reduce the phosphorylation of JNK1/2 and the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Our results revealed that chalcone significantly inhibited the metastatic ability of AGS cells by reducing MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions concomitantly with a marked reduction on cell invasion and migration through suppressing and JNK signaling pathways. We suggest that chalcone may offer the application in clinical medicine.     

Substance P immunoreactive nerve fibres are related to gastric cancer differentiation status and could promote proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells

Tachykinins such as SP (substance P) may be involved in the progression of gastric adenocarcinoma through binding to NK-1 receptor. However, the existence and relationship between SP and gastric cancer progression and differentiation remained unknown. We have studied the NK-1 receptor in human gastric cancer tissue and MKN45 cell line and found SP-containing nerve fibres in human gastric cancer and found that the amounts of SP-positive nerves were related to gastric cancer differentiation. SP could promote proliferation, adhesion, migration and invasion of MKN45 cells in vitro. In addition, the intracellular calcium level of MKN45 cells was elevated after SP stimulation, and administration of CRACs (calcium release-activated calcium channels) inhibitor SKF-96365 could partially abolish these effects induced by SP. These results demonstrated that NK-1 receptor and SP-containing nerves existed in human gastric cancer; SP positive nerves may play an important role in human gastric cancer progression, and calcium is critically significant among SP-induced biological effects.     

Downregulation of microRNA-92b-3p suppresses proliferation,migration, and invasion of gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells by targeting Homeobox D10

To investigate the effect and mechanism of microRNA-92b-3p (miR-92b-3p) targeting Homeobox D10 (HOXD10) on proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer, we detected t he expression of miR-92b-3p and HOXD10 in SGC-7901 cells. The effects of miR-92b-3p or HOXD10 on proliferation, migration, invasion, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/9 expression in SGC-7901 cells were measured by the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, Transwell assay, and Western blot, respectively. The results showed that miR-92b-3p expression was increased, and HOXD10 expression was decreased in SGC-7901 cells, compared with human normal gastric epithelial cells GES-1. Functional experiments demonstrated that cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and expression of MMP-2/9 in SGC-7901 cells were significantly inhibited by miR-92b-3p silencing and HOXD10 overexpression. Moreover, HOXD10 was a potential target gene of miR-92b-3p as evidenced by the TargetScan software and double luciferase reporter assay. In the rescue experiment, knockdown of HOXD10, accompanied by higher expression of MMP-2/9, could significantly eliminate the inhibitory effects of miR-92b-3p silencing on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In conclusion, miR-92b-3p is highly expressed in gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells, and interfering with its expression might inhibit SGC-7901 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via downregulating MMP-2/9 expression and targeting HOXD10.     

Hyperthermia-Induced NDRG2 Upregulation Inhibits the Invasion of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Suppressing ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway

Hyperthermia (HT) has been proven to be able to alter the invasion capacity of cancer cells. However, the detailed mechanisms responsible for the anti-metastasis effects of HT have not been elucidated. N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2), as a member of the NDRG family, has been suggested to be highly responsive to various stresses and is associated with tumor suppression. The present study aimed to investigate the biological role of NDRG2 in the invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells exposed to HT. We found that NDRG2 could be induced by HT at 45°C. In addition, NDRG2 overexpression inhibited the expression of matrix metallo proteinases-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 as well as the invasion of HCC cells, whereas knockingdown NDRG2 reversed the anti-invasion effect of HT in vivo. Further investigation revealed that the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2, but not that of JNK and p38MAPK, was reduced in NDRG2 overexpressing cells. Moreover, the knockdown of NDRG2 expression resulted in increased cell invasion, which was rescued by treating the HepG2 cells with the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, but not with the p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 or the JNK inhibitor SP600125. Finally, the synergistic cooperation of HT at 43°C and NDRG2 expression effectively reduced cytotoxicity and promoted the anti-invasion effect of HT at 45°C. Taken together, these data suggest that NDRG2 can be induced by HT and that it mediates the HT-caused inhibition of invasion in HCC cells by suppressing the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. The combined application of constitutive NDRG2 expression with HT may yield an optimized therapeutic benefit.