半量瑞替普酶溶栓后行转运PCI与直接转运PCI对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死临床疗效的对比研究

目的:比较急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)使用半量瑞替普酶溶栓后行转运经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)与直接转运两种救治策略的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2015年6月～2018年2月我院收治的100例STEMI患者的病历资料,根据救治方案不同分为易化PCI组(先在基层医院经半量瑞替普酶溶栓后再转运至我院行PCI,58例)、直接转运PCI组(拒绝在基层医院接受溶栓治疗而要求直接转运PCI,42例)。比较两组PCI前后血管再通率、PCI后无复流发生率和ST段回落率(STR)、住院期间主要不良心脏事件(MACE)及治疗期间出血并发症的发生情况及随访1年主要终点事件的发生情况。结果:入院后首次冠脉造影显示易化PCI组PCI前TIMI 3级血流者占32.7%(19/59),显著高于直接转运PCI组[14.3%(6/42),P0.05]。PCI后14 d时,易化PCI组TIMI 3级血流者占93.1%(54/58),较直接转运PCI组[90.5%(38/42)]差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。PCI后即刻冠脉造影显示易化PCI组无复流发生率为6.9%(4/58),较直接转运PCI组[21.4%(9/42)]显著降低(P0.05)。PCI后24 h时,易化PCI组STR值为(61.53±11.27)%,显著高于直接转运PCI组[(52.40±12.63)%,P0.05]。住院期间,易化PCI组MACE发生率为10.3%(6/58),较直接转运PCI组[14.3%(6/42)]差异无统计意义(P0.05)。治疗期间,易化PCI组出血并发症总发生率为19.0%(11/58),与直接转运PCI组的14.3%(6/42)相比差异亦无统计学意义(P0.05)。随访1年,易化PCI组主要终点事件发生率为19.0%(11/58),显著低于直接转运PCI组[40.5%(17/42),P0.05]。结论:与直接转运PCI相比,STEMI患者应用半量瑞替普酶溶栓后行转运PCI有利于早期开通梗死血管,提高介入干预效果,PCI后获得优异的心肌灌注水平,从而改善远期预后,且安全性相当。     

PCI术前与术后主动脉内球囊反搏治疗急性心肌梗死合并心功能不全患者的疗效比较

目的:比较急性心肌梗死合并心功能不全患者冠状动脉介入(PCI)术前及术后植入主动脉内球囊反搏术(IABP)的效果及其安全性.方法:选择50例2010年1月至2011年6月在南京市第一医院CCU病房应用IABP治疗的急性心肌梗死患者,分为两组,A组为术前组,B组为术后组,各25例,观察并比较两组的即刻病情改善率、住院期间并发症及术后30天心功能、主要心血管事件(MACE)发生率.结果:A组IABP即刻病情改善显著高于B组(36％ vs.12％,P＜0.05).两组住院期间并发症的发生率均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).术后30天,A组LVEF显著低于B组(40.2± 7.7％vs.35.6±5.0％,P＜0.05).MACE事件,A组非致死性心肌梗死、再次PCI/CABG术及死亡发生率低于B组,其中A组死亡率显著低于B组,差异有统计学意义(58％vs.32％,P＜0.05).结论:PCI术前植入IABP对于急性心肌梗死合并心功能不全患者的疗效优于PCI术后植入,且不提高并发症的发生率.     

个性化护理在急性心肌梗死患者院前急诊护理中的效果观察

目的观察个性化护理干预在急性心肌梗死患者院前急诊救治的临床效果。方法 2015年4月~2016年4月我院接诊救治行溶栓和PCI治疗的急性心肌梗死患者80例,随机分为对照组和观察组各40例,对照组实施常规院前急诊护理,观察组实施个性化院前急诊护理,比较两组患者院前急诊救治期间的不良事件发生率、急救时间和转运入院时间、护理干预后肌酸激酶同工酶和左心室射血分数的改善幅度以及患者院前急诊护理满意度情况。结果观察组患者急诊救治期间不良事件发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);急救时间和转运入院时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。护理干预后,两组患者的肌酸激酶同工酶和左心室射血分数的改善幅度比较,观察组明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者的院前急诊护理满意度明显高于对照组,差异亦有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论个性化护理干预可缩短急性心肌梗死患者的院前急救时间,降少不良事件发生率,提高患者护理满意度。     

左心室脱血回注循环辅助法对急性心肌梗死血流动力学的改善作用

目的:实验观察左心室脱血回注循环辅助法对急性心肌梗死血流动力学的改善作用.方法:18只杂种犬分两组制作急性心肌梗死泵衰竭模型,治疗组给予左心室脱血回注循环辅助,对照组不进行治疗.观察比较两组间心律失常、死亡率、外周动脉压、肺动脉毛细血管楔嵌压(PCWP)、左心室舒张末期压(LVEDP)、左心室内径的变化.结果:治疗组室性期外收缩、心室纤颤发生率和死亡率显著低于对照组;对照组的外周动脉收缩压低于80 mmHg以下,治疗组维持在100mmHg以上(P＜0.01);治疗组PCWP和LVEDP值在45 min以后的各时段低于对照组(P＜0.01);治疗组的左室舒张末期内径小于对照组(P＜0.01).结论:左心室脱血回注循环辅助法能够减少急性心肌梗死泵衰竭的心室纤颤发生率和死亡率,有显著改善血流动力学、防止梗死后心肌扩张和有效的左心室辅助作用.     

急性心肌梗死溶栓治疗疗效分析

目的探讨溶栓治疗用于急性心肌梗死(AMI)的效果与安全性。方法 2005年1月~2014年1月我院收治的急性心肌梗死患者102例,其中溶栓治疗34例,常规治疗68例,并观察两组疗效。结果溶栓治疗组的死亡率明显低于非溶栓治疗组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);6h内溶栓治疗死亡率为8%,超过6h溶栓治疗死亡率为33.3%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死患者是有效、安全的,早期溶栓治疗可提高抢救成功率。     

不同干预方式及干预时机对急性非ST 段抬高型心肌梗死伴多支病变的 临床效果研究

目的：评估肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)转归前后经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)与冠状动脉旁路移植术 (coronary artery bypass grafting,CABG)治疗急性非ST 段抬高心肌梗死(non-ST segment elevated myocardial infarction,NSTEMI)的 有效性及安全性。方法：入选2008 年1 月1 日至2013 年4 月30 日就诊于我院并接受PCI或CABG治疗的NSTEMI患者329 例,分为cTnI转归前PCI 干预组(A 组)、cTnI转归前CABG 干预组(B 组)、cTnI转归后PCI 干预组(C 组)和cTnI 转归后CABG干 预组(D 组)。计算和比较各组的临床终点事件的发生率,再灌注策略对临床终点事件的优势比(OR)。结果：四组患者的完全血运重 建率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),B、C、D组显著高于A组(P<0.05),而B、C、D组之间比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。术后24 个 月,再次血运重建率：A 组12.9%和B 组3.4%(OR=3.82,95%CI：1.03～16.60),A组12.9%和C 组5.1%(OR=2.55,95%CI：1.29～ 6.61);MACCE事件发生率：A组14.1%和C 组5.9%(OR=2.38,95%CI：1.15～5.79),以上结果比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论：cTnI转归后行PCI治疗NSTEMI伴多支病变患者较cTnI转归前PCI更有利于减少MACCE事件和再次血运重建的发生, cTnI转归前行CABG 术在降低血运重建发生率方面较优于PCI治疗。     

药物洗脱支架植入术与冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病多支病变伴糖尿病患者的临床效果分析

目的:比较药物洗脱支架(DES)植入术及冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)治疗冠心病多支病变伴糖尿病患者的近期及远期临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2014年1月~2016年10月在哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院经冠状动脉造影证实为多支血管病变并伴有糖尿病的患者186例,根据血运重建方式的不同分为DES组及CABG组,随访50.5±14.3个月,观察两组患者住院期间及随访期主要不良心脑血管事件(包括非致死心肌梗死、脑卒中、再次血运重建、全因死亡)的发生情况。结果:在所有入选患者中,DES组有更多双支病变(P0.05),CABG组三支病变较多(P0.05),两组在完全血运重建方面无显著性差异(P0.05)。住院期间,CABG组死亡2例(2.3%),DES组死亡1例(1.0%),死亡率比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组均未出现非致死性心肌梗死、脑卒中、再次血运重建。出院后对186例入选患者随访,其中失访11例(DES组5例,CABG组6例)。随访期间CABG组发生非致死性心肌梗死1例(1.3%)、脑卒中6例(7.5%)、全因死亡10例(12.5%),DES组发生非致死性心肌梗死5例(5.3%)、脑卒中3例(3.2%)、全因死亡9例(9.5%),两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);而CABG组再次血运重建2例(2.5%),DES组15例(15.8%),两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:行DES置入术或CABG术治疗冠心病多支病变伴糖尿病患者,住院期间主要心脑血管不良事件发生率、远期非致死性心肌梗死、脑卒中、全因死亡发生情况均无显著性差异,但DES组再次血运重建率明显升高,可能与糖尿病患者较高的再狭窄率有关。     

阿托伐他汀对兔缺血再灌注后白介素-6、P-选择素及无复流的影响

目的:评价不同剂量阿托伐他汀对兔急性心肌梗死(AMI)再灌注后白介素-6(IL-6)、P-选择素(Ps)的影响及对无复流的防治作用.方法:新西兰大白兔32只随机分为对照组、阿托伐他汀1组、阿托伐他汀2组及假手术组,每组8只.分组干预:阿托伐他汀1组予10mg.kg-1,冠脉结扎前12h喂药1次;阿托伐他汀2组予5mg.kg1.d-1,每日喂药1次,共3d.对照组、阿托伐他汀1组、阿托伐他汀2组均冠状动脉结扎240min,再灌注120min,分别建立AMI再灌注模型.各组于AMI前5 min、AMI后240min和再灌注后120min取血,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血清IL-6,免疫组织化学法观察心肌Ps的变化,最终进行心肌无复流及梗死范围的病理学分析.结果:与对照组比较,阿托伐他汀1组及2组在兔AMI再灌注后血清IL-6水平均降低(P＜0.05-0.01):阿托伐他汀1组及2组在复流区及无复流区的Ps表达均明显减弱(P＜0.01);而血清IL-6、心肌Ps在阿托伐他汀1组及2组之间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).阿托伐他汀1组及2组中,无复流范围分别为(47.01±6.89)%及(44.52±4.2))%(P＞0.05).与对照组(85.67±4.94)%相比均降低(P＜0.01)结论:炎症反应可能是AMI再灌注后无复流的发生机制之一;阿托伐他汀可有效降低血清IL-6、心肌Ps水平,具有抗炎作用,从而防治无复流的发生.     

通心络胶囊对急性心梗PCI术后心肌微循环及心功能的影响

目的:探讨通心络胶囊对急性心梗经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)术后心肌微循环及心功能的影响。方法:选取2014年1月-2017年6月我院收治的ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死需经PCI患者200例,按照治疗方法分为对照组、观察组,每组100例。对照组进行常规药物治疗,观察组联合通心络胶囊进行治疗。比较两组PCI后心肌梗死溶栓(thrombolysis in myocardial infarction,TIMI)血流分级与计帧值(corrected thrombolysis in myocardial frame count,CTFC)、ST段回落情况、肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶(creatine phosphokinase-isoenzyme-MB,CK-MB)峰值及峰值时间,治疗前后心功能相关指标的变化。结果:PCI术后,两组冠脉TIMI血流分级比较差异不显著(P0.05),观察组CFTC显著低于对照组(P0.05),观察组ST段回落50%比例显著高于对照组(P0.05),CK-MB峰值及CK-MB峰值时间显著低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组左室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、心脏指数(cardiac index,CI)均显著升高(P0.05)左心室舒张末期内径(left ventricular end-diastolic dimension,LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(left ventricular end-systolic dimension,LVESD)均显著降低(P0.05),且观察组的以上指标的改善明显优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:通心络胶囊在急性心梗PCI后患者的应用中临床疗效良好,能够改善心肌微循环和心功能。     

急性心肌梗死PCI术后预后与侧枝循环形成的关系研究

目的:探讨急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary interventions,PCI)术后预后与侧枝循环形成的关系。方法:选取2014年6月-2016年6月我院心脑血内科收治的AMI患者128例为研究对象,所有患者均行PCI术,根据是否有侧枝循环形成分为侧枝循环组(n=58)和无侧枝循环组(n=70)。比较两组患者的临床资料及随访6个月时左心射血分数(Left Ventricular Ejection Fractions,LVEF)和左心室舒张末期内径(left ventricular end diastolic diameter,LVDD)以及不良心血管事件(major adverse cardiovascular events,MACE)的发生情况。结果:两组性别、年龄、糖尿病、高血压、吸烟、缺血时间、甘油三酯(Triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(High-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、血糖水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。侧枝循环组术前低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)和心肌肌钙蛋白I(Cardiac troponin I,CTnl)峰值均显著低于无侧枝循环组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前,两组LVEF、LVD比较,差统无计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,侧枝循环组LVEF为(55.52±5.30)%,显著大于无侧枝循环组,LVDD为(46.43±3.37)mm,显著小于无侧枝循环组(P0.05);侧枝循环组总MACE发生率18.97%,显著低于无侧枝循环组的45.71%(P0.05)。经多因素分析,无侧枝循环形是MACE发生的独立危险因素(OR=1.648,95%CI:1.046-2.832,P=0.018)。结论:LDL-C和CTnl可能不利于侧枝循环形成,侧枝循环的存在可改善AMI患者PCI术后心功能、抑制心肌重构,降低MACE发生率,改善预后。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydrazone derivatives of 4-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid and 4-[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is an unresolved global concern, which needs urgent and coordinated action. One of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat antibiotic resistance is the development of new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria. In our effort to find new antibiotics, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 30 new pyrazole derivatives. These novel molecules have been synthesized by using readily available starting materials and benign reaction conditions. Some of these molecules have shown activity with MIC values as low as 0.78?µg/mL against four bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic to mammalian cell line.

     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Novel compounds with potent CDK9 inhibitory activity for the treatment of myeloma

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. The aim of our study was originally the further development of our recently discovered polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors. A series of new 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized around the original hit, but their PLK1 inhibitory activity was very poor. However the novel compounds showed nanomolar CDK9 inhibitory activity and very good antiproliferative effect on multiple myeloma cell lines (RPMI-8226).