褪黑素对慢性脑低灌注大鼠海马齿状回区神经再生的影响

目的:研究褪黑素在慢性脑低灌注(Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion,CCH)大鼠模型中对神经再生的作用及机制。方法:使用双侧颈总动脉结扎法(bilateral common carotid artery occlusion,BCCAO)制备大鼠CCH模型,80只雄性的SD大鼠随机分为4组,每组20只:生理盐水治疗假手术组(Sham组)、生理盐水治疗模型组(BCCAO组)、褪黑素(5 mg/kg)治疗模型组(MT1组)、褪黑素(10 mg/kg)治疗模型组(MT2组)。连续腹腔注射褪黑素或生理盐水共4周。利用挖掘实验评估大鼠行为学;使用HE染色观察神经细胞变性及坏死;采取尼氏染色法观察大鼠海马齿状回区神经元损伤情况;利用免疫荧光法测定神经元特异核蛋白(NeuN)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(Ki67)、双皮质素(DCX)的表达;利用Western Blot法测定大鼠海马区脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、酪氨酸激酶B受体(TrkB)含量的表达。结果:和Sham组相比,BCCAO组大鼠挖掘能力明显下降(P0.01),HE和尼氏染色出现神经细胞大量坏死、数量减少,NeuN阳性细胞数增加(P0.01)、Ki67/DCX阳性细胞数无明显增加(P0.05),BDNF、TrkB蛋白含量明显低于假手术组(P0.01)。与BCCAO组相比,MT1组和MT2组大鼠挖掘能力均明显改善(P0.01),HE和尼氏染色显示神经元存活数量增加,MT1组NeuN阳性细胞数增加(P0.05)、Ki67/DCX阳性细胞数增加(P0.05),MT2组NeuN、Ki67/DCX阳性细胞数明显增加(P0.01),MT1组及MT2组BDNF、TrkB蛋白含量明显增加(P0.01)。结论:褪黑素促进了CCH大鼠海马齿状回区神经再生和行为学的改变,其机制可能与激活BDNF-TrkB信号转导通路有关。     

慢性脑低灌注大鼠焦虑样行为与海马区域炎性细胞因子水平的相关性分析

目的:分析慢性脑低灌注(CCH)大鼠模型焦虑样行为和海马和血清炎性细胞因子水平的相关性。方法:将成年雄性Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠(200-220 g)分为两组(假手术(sham)和双侧颈总动脉结扎(BCCAO)组,每组N=40),分别给予BCCAO或者假手术。造模4周后,通过旷场实验和高架十字迷宫测试大鼠焦虑样行为;间接免疫荧光(Iba1和GFAP染色)和酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)分别测定海马CA1区胶质细胞激活和血清及海马区域白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、细胞粘附分子-1(ICAM-1)和血管细胞粘附分子-1(VCAM-1))水平。结果:旷场实验结果表明相比sham组,BCCAO组总穿行距离、中央区穿行距离和停留时间明显增多(P<0.05),高架十字迷宫实验中BCCAO组开臂停留时间和访问次数明显增加(P<0.05),闭臂停留时间显著缩短(P<0.05)。另外,相比sham组,BCCAO组大鼠海马CA1区胶质细胞明显激活,海马以及血清中炎性因子的表达水平均显著上调。Pearson相关性分析显示海马区域而非血清ICAM-1和VCAM-1水平与CCH大鼠焦虑样行为(中央区和开臂的停留时间)呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。结论:海马区域ICAM-1和VCAM-1升高与CCH大鼠焦虑样行为显著相关,可能参与CCH慢性期焦虑样行为的发生。     

既济汤对脑缺血/再灌注诱导的血管性痴呆小鼠认知功能和脑内氧化应激的影响

目的:本研究旨在探讨既济汤对脑缺血/再灌注诱导的血管性痴呆(VD)小鼠认知功能和脑内氧化应激水平的影响。方法:将32只小鼠随机分为4组(n=8):正常组、假手术组(手术但不执行脑缺血/再灌注)、模型组(复制脑缺血/再灌注诱导的VD模型)、既济汤治疗组(复制脑缺血/再灌注诱导的VD模型后既济汤治疗)。术后给予既济汤20 ml/kg,每天1次,连续给药14 d,通过避暗实验、探索实验和跳台实验检测所有小鼠的行为学表现。最后取脑,检测脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量,评价脑内的氧化应激水平的变化情况。结果:避暗实验结果显示,既济汤治疗组较模型组动物逃避潜伏期显著延长(P0.01),错误次数显著下降(P0.01);探索实验结果显示,既济汤治疗组较模型组显著缩短小鼠到达暗室时间(P0.05)、到达高端时间(P0.01)、到达后面明室时间(P0.01),并且显著增加爬高端的次数(P0.01);跳台实验表明,既济汤治疗组较模型组能够显著延长小鼠的逃避潜伏期(P0.01)。与正常组、假手术组比较,模型组小鼠脑组织匀浆中SOD活性显著降低(P0.01,P0.01)、MDA含量显著升高(P0.01,P0.01);与模型组比较,既济汤治疗组小鼠脑组织SOD活性和MDA含量明显回落(P0.01,P0.01)。结论:既济汤可显著改善VD小鼠的认知功能,其机制可能与其抑制脑内的氧化应激有关。     

高压氧治疗创伤性脑损伤的效用及机制研究

目的:研究高压氧(HBO)对大鼠创伤性脑损伤(TBI)治疗效用并观察脑组织星形胶质细胞活化及胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)和神经生长因子(NGF)表达的变化以探讨作用机制。方法:SD雄性大鼠54只,随机分为3组(n=18):假手术组、TBI组和HBO治疗组。采用Feeney法建立大鼠TBI模型,假手术组只开放骨窗,不予打击。HBO治疗组大鼠于脑损伤后6 h采用动物高压舱,以3ATA压力纯氧治疗60 min。TBI后48 h测量神经功能,然后分离脑组织,其中18只用干湿法测定脑含水量;18只脑组织用于切片,部分进行尼氏染色后作形态学观察,部分进行免疫组织化学染色,检测星形胶质细胞标记物胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、波形蛋白(vimentin)与S100蛋白的表达;另18只大鼠取伤侧脑半球,进行Western blot分析,观察GDNF和NGF的表达。结果:HBO治疗能减轻神经功能障碍,降低脑含水量,减少海马部位神经细胞丢失,进一步激活损伤侧皮质与海马部位GFAP、vimentin与S-100阳性表达星形胶质细胞,促进损伤侧脑组织GDNF与NGF的表达。结论:HBO对创伤性脑损伤有较好治疗效果,其机制与上调GDNF和NGF的表达有关。     

不同时机介入“醒脑开窍”针刺法对脑缺血再灌注大鼠SOD活性和MDA含量的影响

目的:观察不同时机介入“醒脑开窍”针刺法治疗对脑缺血再灌注模型大鼠超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响.方法:将健康成年雄性SD大鼠按随机对照原则分为假手术组、模型组、3h针刺组、6h针刺组、药物组,采用线栓法制备脑缺血再灌注大鼠模型,模型制备成功后,针刺组分别于造模成功后3h、6h予以“醒脑开窍”针法治疗,药物组于在造模成功5h后予香丹注射液腹腔内注射,每日1次,治疗3次.治疗72 h后采集标本检测血清及脑组织中SOD的活性和MDA的含量.结果:与模型组比较,5h药物组血清SOD活性明显降低(P＜0.01),3h针刺组血清MDA的含量明显升高(P＜0.01);6h针刺组血清SOD活性高于3h针刺组和5h药物组(P＜0.01),而6h针刺组血清MDA含量、5h药物组血清SOD活性和MDA含量均显著低于3h针刺组(P＜0.01),6h针刺组血清SOD活性显著高于5h药物组(P＜0.01).3h针刺组脑组织SOD活性和5h药物组脑组织SOD活性及MDA含量均显著高于模型组(P＜0.01);与6h针刺组比较,3h针刺组脑组织SOD活性、5h药物组脑组织内SOD活性和MDA含量均显著升高(P＜0.01).结论:不同时机介入“醒脑开窍”针刺法可不同程度调节血清及脑组织SOD活性水平,增强氧自由基代谢,有效改善脑缺血再灌注引起的缺血性损伤,进而对损伤脑组织起到一定保护作用;且早期介入疗效更佳.     

三七总皂苷对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后脑内NGF和bFGF表达的影响

目的:观察三七总皂苷(PNS)对局灶性脑缺血再灌注后脑组织神经生长因子(NGF)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)蛋白表达的影响.方法:采用线栓法建立大鼠大脑中动脉栓塞局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型.实验动物随机分为假手术组、脑缺血再灌注模型组、模型 PNS治疗组和模型 尼莫地平治疗组.用免疫组织化学方法检测脑内皮质、海马等区域NGF和bFGF蛋白表达.结果:缺血2h再灌注46h后,脑内海马和皮质区的NGF表达降低,PNS能显著上调海马、皮质区及丘脑区域NGF的表达.缺血2h再灌注46h后,bFGF的表达各脑区无明显差异;但PNS能显著上调缺血再灌注损伤后胼胝体区域内bFGF的表达.结论:局灶性脑缺血再灌注后,PNS能上调缺血脑组织内NGF和bFGF表达,尤其是促进了NGF的表达,这可能是PNS对脑缺血后损伤神经元的保护机制之一.     

后处理对心肌缺血再灌注致脑损伤中炎症因子及GFAP的影响

目的:探讨缺血后处理对心肌缺血再灌注致脑损伤中炎症因子及胶质纤维酸性蛋白的影响。方法:24只雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组(n=8),假手术组(Sham)、心肌缺血/再灌注组(IR)、后处理组(IPost)。结扎大鼠冠状动脉左前降支30 min,复流120 min建立大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注模型。后处理组于再灌注前进行缺血后处理,再灌注10 s,缺血10 s,共3次。断头处死大鼠取脑组织,光镜下观察病理学结果,Western blot检测炎性因子IL-6、IL-8、IL-10,免疫组化法检测GFAP。结果:与Sham组相比较,IR组脑组织炎症因子IL-6,IL-8表达增加,IL-10下降(P0.01),而后处理可以降低脑组织中IL-6,IL-8的表达,增加IL-10的表达(P0.01);与Sham组相比较,IR组脑组织GFAP表达增多(P0.05),而后处理可以显著增加脑组织中GFAP的表达(P0.01)。结论:心肌缺血后处理可以减少脑组织中炎症因子的表达,增加GFAP的表达,从而起到脑保护作用。     

血管性痴呆大鼠海马区域GABA_AR α5表达的时空变化

目的:探究大鼠双侧颈总动脉永久性结扎(BCCAO)后,γ氨基丁酸A型受体α5亚单位(GABA_AR α5)在海马区域表达的时空变化。方法:将成年雄性SD大鼠50只随机分为假手术组(n=20)、模型组(n=30)。采用双侧颈总动脉结扎建立血管性痴呆大鼠模型,在手术后3、7、28天采用免疫印迹检测整体海马中GABA_AR α5蛋白的表达,用间接免疫荧光法分析大鼠海马CA1、CA3和DG区域空间表达变化。结果:术后3天,模型组相比GABA_AR α5表达水平假手术组下调(P0.05),而术后28天GABA_AR α5表达水平相术后3天明显回升(P0.05)。模型组术后3天CA1区域GABA_AR α5表达水平相比假手术组有所下调,术后28天以上指标较术后3天显著上调(P0.05),但两组CA3和DG区域GABA_AR α5表达水平比较差异并无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:BCCAO可引起海马区域GABA_AR α5表达的下调,并在术后各个时间点呈现时空变化。     

慢性脑低灌注大鼠海马BDNF的表达与认知功能损害

目的　观察慢性脑低灌注大鼠认知功能损害与海马脑源性神经营养因子 (Brain derivedneurotrophicfactor,BDNF)表达的关系。方法　通过结扎大鼠双侧颈总动脉 ,制成慢性脑低灌注模型 ,分缺血 6周组和 4月组及相应假手术组 ,在相应时间点用三等份MG 2Y型迷宫法测定大鼠学习记忆能力。用免疫组化S P法检测 4组大鼠海马中BDNF的表达 ,在光镜下测其平均光密度。结果　显示手术组与假手术组相比学习记忆能力明显下降 ,慢性脑低灌注大鼠缺血 4月组与缺血 6周组相比学习记忆能力也下降 (P <0 0 5 )。缺血 4月组大鼠海马BDNF表达的平均光密度值与Y型迷宫实验正确次数间存在正相关 (r=0 782 5 ,P <0 0 5 )。结论　表明在慢性脑低灌注状态下 ,大鼠学习记忆能力随海马BDNF表达的下降而下降 ,内源性BDNF可能通过对突触传递和认知功能有内在保护作用。     

孕酮对全脑缺血/再灌注损伤大鼠学习记忆及海马P2X7受体表达的影响

目的:研究孕酮(PROG)对全脑缺血/再灌注(I/R)损伤大鼠学习记忆及海马P2X7受体表达的影响。方法:雄性SD大鼠48只,随机分成4组(n=12):正常组、假手术组、I/R组和I/R+PROG组。采用改良Pulsinelli’s 4血管闭塞法建立全脑缺血/再灌注损伤动物模型,Y-型迷宫检测学习与记忆成绩;免疫荧光法观察海马区P2X7受体蛋白表达;羟胺氧化法测定海马组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性;硫代巴比妥酸法测定海马组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果:正常组和假手术组学习记忆成绩、海马区P2X7阳性表达细胞数、海马组织中SOD活性和MDA含量差异无显著性;与假手术组相比,I/R组学习记忆成绩显著降低(P<0.01);与I/R组相比,I/R+PROG组学习记忆成绩显著升高(P<0.05)。与假手术组相比,I/R组海马区P2X7阳性表达细胞数显著增多(P<0.01);与I/R组相比,I/R+PROG组海马区P2X7阳性表达细胞数显著减少(P<0.01)。与假手术组相比,I/R组海马组织中SOD活性显著降低(P<0.01),而MDA含量显著升高(P<0.01);与I/R组相比,I/R+PROG组海马组织中SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05),而MDA含量显著降低(P<0.01)。结论:PROG可明显改善全脑缺血/再灌注损伤大鼠学习与记忆能力,其作用机制可能与下调海马区P2X7受体蛋白表达和清除氧自由基有关。     

Upregulation of BACE1 and β-Amyloid Protein Mediated by Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Contributes to Cognitive Impairment and Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) increases the risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) through several biologically plausible pathways, but the relationship between CCH and the development of AD remains uncertain. To investigate expression of APP, BACE1 and Aβ in the hippocampus of BCCAO rats and study pathophysiological mechanism of AD from CCH. CCH rat model was established by chronic bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). Behavior was evaluated after BCCAO with Morris water maze and open-field task. Expression of Aβ was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). β-Amyloid precursor protein cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1) and β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) were tested by ELISA, Western blotting and RT-PCR. Cognitive impairment occurred with CCH by Morris water maze test and open-field task. The BACE1 and Aβ level in BCCAO rats was more increased than sham-operation control rats (P < 0.01) but APP had no difference(P > 0.05). The expression of BACE1 and Aβ has no inter-grouop difference in BCCAO rats (P > 0.05). The level of BACE1 and Aβ had positive correlation with cognitive impairment (P < 0.01) while no correlation was observed between APP and cognitive impairment. Chronic cerebral ischemia contributes to cognitive impairment and vascular pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease that chronic cerebral hypoperfusion increases BACE1 and Aβ level in brain.     

The central histamine level in rat model of vascular dementia

The histaminergic system plays an important role in memory and learning. Deficient histaminergic transmission in the human brain in vascular dementia (VD) has been suggested. To get a better insight into the problem, a rat model of VD based on permanent bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries (BCCAO) leading to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion was used. Prior to the BCCAO, male Wistar rats underwent 7 days training and only those animals that positively passed the holeboard memory test were chosen for the study. The rats which were operated on were injected i.p. daily for 6 days with either a monoamine oxidase B inhibitor - PF9601N (40 mg/kg), an acetycholinesterase inhibitor - tacrine (3 mg/kg), a histamine H(3) receptor blocker - DL76 (6 mg/kg) or saline. The first retest (R1) was performed one week after the surgery while each subsequent test was 5-7 days apart. The rats were euthanized 2 or 4 weeks following the operation. The concentration of brain histamine (HA) and the activity of histamine metabolising enzymes were measured using current procedures. The BCCAO drastically increased latency and run time (p<0.001) 54 ± 30 vs. 3.4 ± 1.2 and 268 ± 18 vs. 74 ± 9, respectively, and affected working memory rather than reference memory as measured by the 1(st) retest (R1). Treatment with either PF9601N or tacrine seems to exert a positive effect on working memory. This tendency disappeared after the drug treatment stopped. Latency and run time, although they improved in R2-R4, never attained the preoperative values. The brain tissues from rats treated with PF9601N showed only 15% and 50% of untreated rat MAO B and MAO A activity, respectively, despite the drug administration having been discontinued for 3 weeks. Other drugs examined did not influence MAO enzymes. Neither did histamine N-methyltransferase activity show changes related to BCCAO nor to the treatments. The hypothalamic HA concentration was significantly reduced after BCCAO: 1.13 ± 0.1 vs. 1.91 ± 0.16. Noteworthy, the rats treated with PF9601N or DL76 had brain HA levels not significantly different from their intact counterparts. The rat vascular dementia model supports deficiency in histaminergic system in VD.     

Neuroprotective effect of pioglitazone on acute phase changes induced by partial global cerebral ischemia in mice

Present study was carried out to investigate the possible neuroprotective effect of pioglitazone, an antidiabetic agent, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist on acute phase changes in mice model of cerebral ischemia induced by Bilateral Common Carotid artery Occlusion (BCCAO). BCCAO model was used to induce partial global cerebral ischemia. BCCAO induced significant brain infarct size and edema in saline treated control group along with high increase in oxidative stress showed by increase lipid peroxidation and decreased levels of antioxidants like superoxide superoxide dismutage, catalase, glutathione peroxidase. Pioglitazone (20 mg/kg, orally) administration showed neuroprotective effects by reducing cerebral infarct size significantly as compared to control group. Postischemic seizure susceptibility was also reduced as number of positive responders decreased to a significant number. Brain edema was subsided to a significant level. Pioglitazone reduced the plasma TNF-alpha levels as compared to ischemia group significantly. Pioglitazone treatment also improved all the antioxidants levels showing activity against oxidative stress induced by BCCAO. Pioglitazone showed neuroprotection against ischemic insult suggesting the role of PPARgamma agonist in neuroprotective agents.     

Effects of iloprost on visual evoked potentials and brain tissue oxidative stress after bilateral common carotid artery occlusion

Effects of iloprost on visual evoked potentials and oxidant/antioxidant status were evaluated after bilateral carotid artery occlusion. There were three experimental groups; Sham (S) group (n=10), bilateral common carotid artery occluded (BCCAO) group (n=10) and after bilateral common carotid artery occlusion, iloprost-treated (BCCAOI) group (n=10). Iloprost was administered (0.5ng/kg/day) for 10 days by intraperitoneal injection. N(2) and P(2) latencies (millisecond) and N(2)-P(2) (microV) amplitudes were recorded 10 days after operation for evaluating VEPs. The rats were sacrificed by decapitation immediately after recording of VEPs. Malondialdehyte (MDA), glutathione (GSH), Cu-Zn superoxide dysmutase (SOD) were studied spectrophotometricly. After BCCAO, MDA levels were increased, GSH and Cu-Zn SOD levels were decreased significantly, and abnormal VEPs parameters were observed. Iloprost treatment after BCCAO decreased MDA and increased GSH levels significantly. Low Cu-Zn SOD levels and impaired VEPs remained after iloprost treatment. Iloprost treatment may protect the brain tissue from oxidative damage during cerebral hypoperfusion.     

丁苯酞对脑梗死模型大鼠血清及脑组织突触素及突触后致密物-95表达的影响

摘要 目的：探讨丁苯酞对脑梗死模型大鼠血清及脑组织突触素及突触后致密物（postsynaptic density,PSD）-95表达的影响。方法：将建模成功的大鼠随机平分为三组-丁苯酞组、阿司匹林组与模型组各18只。三组分别给予腹腔注射丁苯酞注射液20 mg/kg+阿司匹林20 mg/kg、阿司匹林20 mg/kg与等体积的生理盐水,1次/d,检测血清及脑组织突触素及PSD-95表达变化情况。结果：（1）治疗第7 d与治疗第14 d后,丁苯酞组和阿司匹林组大鼠改良神经功能评分（Modified neurological severity scores,mNSS）均显著低于模型组（P<0.05）,丁苯酞组低于阿司匹林组（P<0.05）;（2）治疗第7 d与治疗第14 d,丁苯酞组、阿司匹林组大鼠的脑梗死体积百分比均显著低于模型组（P<0.05）,丁苯酞组低于阿司匹林组（P<0.05）;（3）治疗第7 d与治疗第14 d,丁苯酞组、阿司匹林组大鼠血清突触素及PSD-95表达水平均显著高于模型组（P<0.05）,丁苯酞组高于阿司匹林组（P<0.05）;（4）治疗第7 d与治疗第14 d后,丁苯酞组、阿司匹林组大鼠大脑组织突触素及PSD-95蛋白相对表达水平均显著高于模型组（P<0.05）,丁苯酞组高于阿司匹林组（P<0.05）。结论：丁苯酞在脑梗死模型大鼠的应用可促进大鼠血清及脑组织突触素及PSD-95的表达,并减小脑梗死面积,因而有利于大鼠的神经功能的恢复。     

Rutin ameliorates copper sulfate‐induced brain damage via antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory activities in rats

Excessive exposure to Copper (Cu) may result in Cu toxicity and adversely affect health outcomes. We investigated the protective role of rutin on Cu‐induced brain damage. Experimental rats were treated as follows: group I: control; group II: Cu‐sulfate: 200 mg/kg; group III: Cu‐sulfate, and rutin 100 mg/kg; and group IV: rutin 100 mg/kg, for 7 weeks. Cu only treatment significantly decreased body weight gain, while rutin cotreatment reversed this decrease. Cu treatment increased malondialdehyde, nitric oxide level, and myeloperoxidase activity and decreased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in rat brain. Immunohistochemistry showed that COX‐2, iNOS, and Bcl‐2 proteins were strongly expressed, while Bax was mildly expressed in the brain of Cu‐treated rats. Furthermore, brain histology revealed degenerated neurons, and perforated laminae of cerebral cortex in the Cu‐only treated rats. Interestingly, coadministration of Cu and rutin reduced the observed histological alteration, improved inflammatory and antioxidant biomarkers, thereby protecting against Cu‐induced brain damage via antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory mechanisms.     

针刺对缺氧缺血性脑损伤大鼠脑神经功能及5-HTR1A/cAMP/PKA信号通路的影响机制研究

摘要 目的：探讨与研究针刺对缺氧缺血性脑损伤大鼠脑神经功能及5-HTR1A/cAMP/PKA信号通路的影响机制。方法：研究时间为2022年6月到2022年12月,SPF级健康雄性SD大鼠36只平分为空白组、模型组、针刺组,每组各12只大鼠。空白组不进行造模,针刺组在造模完成1周后进行针刺治疗,空白组、模型组不进行治疗。结果：所有大鼠都顺利完成实验,无死亡大鼠出现。针刺组、模型组治疗后2周与4周的神经功能评分都显著高于空白组（P<0.05）,针刺组的神经功能评分与模型组相比显著降低(P<0.05)。针刺组、模型组治疗后2周与4周的脑缺氧缺血组织体积都高于空白组(P<0.05),针刺组的脑缺氧缺血组织体积与模型组相比显著降低（P<0.05）。针刺组、模型组治疗后2周与4周的血清超氧化物歧化酶活力低于空白组（P<0.05）,血清丙二醛含量高于空白组（P<0.05）,针刺组与模型组对比也有显著差异（P<0.05）。针刺组、模型组治疗后2周与4周的大脑组织5-HTR1A蛋白、cAMP蛋白、PKA蛋白相对表达水平明显低于空白组（P<0.05）,针刺与模型组相比显著提高（P<0.05）。结论：针刺在缺氧缺血性脑损伤大鼠的应用能激活5-HTR1A/cAMP/PKA信号通路,能提高超氧化物歧化酶活力,降低血清丙二醛含量,能改善大鼠的脑神经功能,降低脑缺氧缺血组织体积。     

芪地固肾方对膜性肾病大鼠肾组织足细胞裂孔隔膜蛋白Nephrin和Podocin表达的影响

摘要 目的：探讨芪地固肾方治疗膜性肾病（MN）大鼠的效果及其可能的机制。方法：将40只SD雄性大鼠随机分为模型组（等剂量生理盐水尾静脉注射）、雷公藤多甙片组（10 mg/kg雷公藤多甙片）、芪地固肾方低剂量组（15.425 g/kg芪地固肾方）、芪地固肾方高剂量组（61.7 g/kg芪地固肾方）四组,另取10只未造模大鼠作为空白组（等剂量生理盐水尾静脉注射）,连续干预28天后,检测24小时尿蛋白定量（U-TP）、血清总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、血肌酐（Scr）、尿素氮（BUN）的变化;HE染色、透射电镜观察大鼠肾组织病理学改变;RT-PCR检测肾组织中nephrin蛋白、podocin mRNA的表达。结果：与空白组比较,模型组24 hU-TP、足细胞nephrin和podocin mRNA显著升高,血清TP和ALB显著降低（P<0.01）;与模型组比较,各给药组24 hU-TP降低,血清TP和ALB显著升高（P<0.05）;肾组织免疫复合物沉积减少,肾小球基底膜增厚减轻;足细胞nephrin和podocin mRNA表达升高（P<0.05）。结论：芪地固肾方能够降低MN模型大鼠的尿蛋白水平,减轻肾脏病理损伤,上调肾组织中足细胞裂孔隔膜蛋白nephrin和podocin mRNA的表达,延缓膜性肾病的进展。     

miR-124与MAPK/ERK通路对调节脑梗死大鼠神经细胞凋亡的影响

摘要 目的：研究miR-124和MAPK/ERK途径对脑梗死大鼠神经细胞凋亡的影响及其可能的机制。方法：本研究将SD大鼠随机分为假手术组（Sham组）、模型组（CI组）、miR-124组（miR组）、脑梗死+miR-124组（CI+miR组）和脑梗死+MEK/ERK阻滞剂组（CI+U0126组）,采用mNSS评分法评估大鼠神经功能损伤程度,采用TTC染色检测脑梗死体积,采用尼式染色检查脑组织的病理情况,采用TUNEL染色法检测大鼠脑神经细胞凋亡,TRIzol法提取总RNA,RT-PCR检测miR-124、ERK1和ERK2基因表达,蛋白质免疫印迹法检测Caspase-3、Bax、Bcl-2、MEK2和ERK1蛋白表达水平。结果：与Sham组和miR组相比,CI组、CI+miR组和CI+U0126组大鼠的脑梗死体积、mNSS评分和脑含水量均显著增加（P<0.01）。Sham组、miR组、CI+miR组和CI+U0126组大鼠的脑组织中尼式体的数量显著高于CI组,模型组大鼠的脑神经元结构被破坏且出现核移位和细胞坏死等病理变化;与Sham组和miR组相比,CI组大鼠中miR-124的表达水平显著降低（P<0.01）,CI+miR组和CI+U0126组大鼠中miR-124的表达水平显著上调（P<0.01）。TUNEL染色结果显示,与模型组相比,CI+miR组和CI+U0126组大鼠中凋亡数量显著减少（P<0.01）,ERK1和ERK2的mRNA相对表达水平均显著下调（P<0.01）。与模型组相比,CI+miR组和CI+U0126组大鼠脑组织中Caspase-3和Bax蛋白表达水平显著下调,Bcl-2蛋白的表达水平显著上调（P<0.01）。与模型组相比,CI+miR组和CI+U0126组大鼠脑组织中磷酸化的p-MEK-2和p-ERK1/2蛋白表达水平均显著下调（P<0.01）。结论：miR-124可能通过抑制MAPK/ERK信号通路的激活,减少脑梗死大鼠的神经细胞的凋亡,最终发挥保护作用。