石家庄地区大肠息肉流行病学特征调查及影响因素分析

摘要 目的：调查分析石家庄地区大肠息肉流行病学特征及发病影响因素。方法：选取2015年1月~2020年1月期间来我院进行结肠镜检查的石家庄地区人群2630例作为调查研究对象,检查期间发放大肠息肉调查问卷,对研究对象的大肠息肉检出情况、流行病学特征进行统计分析,并根据人群的大肠息肉检测结果分为息肉组和对照组,对两组的临床资料进行统计对比,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析大肠息肉发生的影响因素。结果：共回收2611份有效问卷,有效率为99.28%,其中大肠息肉患者共有300例,大肠息肉发生率为11.49%。经流行病学调查显示,300例大肠息肉患者中以男性居多,年龄以＞60岁为主,息肉高发部位主要为直肠和乙状结肠,病理类型主要为腺瘤型,息肉大小以≤5 cm为主。单因素分析显示,息肉组和对照组在年龄、性别、体质量指数(BMI)、吸烟史、高脂血症病史、高脂饮食方面对比有显著性差异(P<0.05)。经多因素分析显示,年龄＞60岁、男性、BMI≥25 kg/m²、吸烟史、高脂血症病史、高脂饮食均为大肠息肉发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论：石家庄地区大肠息肉具有较高的发病率,其流行病学与患者性别、年龄、息肉部位、病理类型及息肉大小相关。     

结直肠疾病临床特点的趋势分析

目的:通过分析患者的临床资料,探讨结直肠疾病的临床特点,为临床诊断和治疗提供参考。方法:回顾性分析我院肠镜室2012年5月-2013年4月(A)及2005年5月-2006年4月(B)两个时间段经电子肠镜检查的人群的性别、年龄及结直肠疾病的检出、息肉及癌的病变部位及病理类型情况。结果:两时间段结直肠器质性疾病发病率均较高,且A时间段比B时间段结直肠器质性疾病发病率升高(57.68%:45.13%),结直肠息肉及炎发病率升高(35.09%:19.76%和21.90%:14.45%),腺瘤性息肉比率升高(76.84%:68.33%),左半结肠息肉及癌的比率降低(60.88%:72.27%和60.00%:77.55%)。结论:结直肠疾病的发病人群分布发生改变,发病率呈逐年升高趋势。结直肠息肉的病理分型、发生部位及结直肠癌的发生部位有显著变化。     

结直肠息肉与血脂水平的相关性研究

目的:探讨高脂血症与结直肠息肉的相关性,分析结直肠息肉发生的相关危险因素。方法:检测160例结直肠息肉患者和153例对照组患者血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)的水平,分别比较结直肠息肉组与对照组、不同病理类型息肉组间、不同部位的结直肠息肉组间、不同性别的结直肠息肉组间以及不同大小息肉组间患者的血脂水平。结果:结直肠息肉组高脂血症发生率高于对照组,男性结直肠息肉组高脂血症发生率高于女性,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。不同病理类型息肉患者血清TC、TG和LDL-C水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。左半结肠+直肠息肉组高脂血症发生率高于右半结肠组,体重超重者(BMI≥24 kg/m2)结肠息肉发生率较BMI正常者高,息肉大于1 cm患者高脂血症发生率高于息肉小于1 cm者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:高脂血症、肥胖及男性是发生结直肠息肉的高危因素,而息肉大小、部位均与高脂血症的发生风险密切有关。     

结直肠息肉切除术患者肠道微生态失调分析及其与癌变进展的相关性

目的分析结直肠息肉切除术患者肠道微生态失调情况及其与癌变进展的相关性。方法前瞻性选择2015年7月至2016年7月在我院行结直肠息肉切除术的89例患者为研究对象,评价所有研究对象手术前后肠道菌群计数、肠道菌群失调情况,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析结直肠息肉切除术患者癌变的影响因素。结果结直肠息肉患者术后大肠埃希菌计数(10.85±0.50)、粪肠球菌计数(10.12±0.55)显著高于术前(8.34±0.41,7.76±0.37)(均P0.01),结直肠息肉患者术后双歧杆菌计数(2.56±0.68)、乳杆菌计数(2.83±0.71)显著低于术前(5.20±1.06,5.93±0.88)(均P0.01)。结直肠息肉患者术后Ⅰ度菌群失调比例(23.60%)显著低于术前(55.06%)(P0.05),结直肠息肉患者术后Ⅱ、Ⅲ度菌群失调比例(50.56%,25.84%)显著高于术前(34.83%,10.11%)(均P0.05)。随访3年显示89例结直肠息肉切除术患者癌变率为33.71%,性别、病理类型不同的结直肠息肉切除术患者癌变率差异无统计学意义(均P0.05),年龄、遗传史、息肉直径、肠道菌群失调程度不同的结直肠息肉切除术患者癌变率差异具有统计学意义(均P0.05)。年龄、遗传史、肠道菌群失调程度是结直肠息肉切除术患者癌变的影响因素(均P0.05)。结论结直肠息肉切除术患者存在明显肠道微生态失调情况,肠道微生态失调是结直肠息肉切除术患者癌变的危险因素,这对临床防治结直肠息肉切除术患者癌变有重要指导意义。     

不同年龄大肠息肉患者的临床病理特征分析

目的:探讨不同年龄段大肠息肉的临床及病理特点。方法:选取经电子结肠镜检查确诊大肠息肉并行内镜下息肉切除的患者182例,根据年龄分组,老年组(年龄≥60岁)98例,检出息肉121枚,中青年组(年龄60岁)84例,检出息肉97枚。将老年组和中青年组的性别构成、息肉数量、部位、形态、病理类型及CEA值进行回顾性分析。结果:中青年组男性大肠息肉发生率高于老年组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01);老年组远端结肠息肉发生率高于中青年组,差异显著(P0.05);中青年组直径在0.5-1.0 cm的息肉枚数明显高于老年组,而老年组山田I型息肉枚数明显高于中青年组,具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者腺瘤性息肉的发生率明显高于其他类型息肉,尤其以管状腺瘤为高发;两组间CEA值均部分升高,但无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:应根据不同年龄组大肠息肉的临床和病理特点,采取相应诊疗方案。     

胃癌患者发病部位、发病年龄以及临床病理特征之间的关系

目的:探讨胃癌患者发病部位、发病年龄年龄以及临床病理特征之间的关系。方法:选取2008年1月～2017年12月哈医大一院及哈医四院普外科经手术治疗的1200例胃癌患者,对其发病部位、发病年龄与性别、肿瘤大小、Borrmann分型、大体分型、病理分化类型等情况进行统计学分析。结果:在113例早期胃癌患者中,60例发病部位在胃窦小弯部,占53.1%;胃体小弯部29例,占25.7%;胃角部14例,12.4%;贲门部10例,占8.8%。不同发病部位患者性别构成比较差异存在明显的统计学意义(P0.05),但年龄、肿瘤大小、大体分型、病理分化类型比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。在1087例进展期胃癌患者中,好发部位以胃窦部最多,为608例(55.9%),其次是胃底贲门部249例(22.9%)和胃体部173(15.9%)。不同发病部位患者性别构成比较冲压存在明显的统计学意义(P0.05),而患者年龄、肿瘤大小、Borrmann分型、病理分化类型比较冲压无统计学意义(P0.05)。在不同年龄组别胃癌患者的统计中,全组男女总比为2.3:1,在≤40岁组中男女比例为1.1:1,40岁≤60岁组中男女比例为2.4:1,60岁组中男女比例为2.9:1,三组对比(x~2=8.39,P0.05)存在明显统计学意义;在病理学分化类型的三组对比中,以低分化腺癌为主占91.7%,但随着年龄的增长,高分化腺癌比例有所增加(x~2=16.74,P0.05)存在明显统计学意义;而发病部位以胃下部1/3最多649例,占54.1%,三组对比无明显统计学意义;肿瘤大小以2 cm≤5 cm最多567例,占47.3%,三组对比无明显统计学意义;Borrmann分型以BorrmannⅢ型最多594例,占49.5%,三组对比无明显统计学意义。结论:无论早期胃癌还是进展期胃癌,好发部位以胃窦小弯部最多;胃癌发病部位与性别存在一定关系,在早期胃癌中,发病部位越高,女性患者比例越大;在进展期胃癌中,胃癌发生的位置越高,男性比例越大;此外,胃癌患者年龄越小,女性比例越大;胃癌患者年龄越大,高、中分化腺癌的比例越大。胃癌患者的发病部位与临床病理特征无明显相关性。     

高危结直肠腺瘤的危险因素及风险预测模型的构建与验证

摘要 目的：探讨高危结直肠腺瘤的影响因素,构建风险预测模型并验证。方法：回顾性分析2021年1月至2021年12月期间在江苏大学附属人民医院进行诊疗的1408例结直肠腺瘤患者的资料,根据病理特征分为高危结直肠腺瘤组（759例）和非高危结直肠腺瘤组（649例）。采用Logistic回归分析筛选高危结直肠腺瘤的独立危险因素并建立风险预测模型,并验证预测模型的应用效能。结果：Logistic回归分析结果显示,病灶部位为直肠、高血压、高脂血症、年龄≥53岁、吸烟是高危结直肠腺瘤的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。基于以上因素建立预测高危结直肠腺瘤风险的列线图模型,经Hosmer-Lemeshow检验和受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）分析显示,该风险预测模型具有较好的拟合度和预测效能,可以用于高危腺瘤的风险预测。结论：病灶部位为直肠、高血压、高脂血症、年龄≥53岁、吸烟是高危结直肠腺瘤的独立危险因素,临床医生可尽早对高危患者进行预防性干预以减缓高危腺瘤的发生。     

结直肠腺瘤中的微卫星不稳定性类型

应用微切割 聚合酶链反应 单链长度多态性 (PCR SSLP)的方法 ,检测 1 6个微卫星位点在 5 9例 6 2个结直肠腺瘤标本的微卫星不稳定性状态 .结果表明 :腺瘤 1 6个位点的总微卫星不稳定性(microsatelliteinstability ,MSI)发生率为 1 4 4 % ,MSI H所占的比率为 9 7% ;在 1 0例可以同时微切割得到腺瘤和癌变成分的病例中 ,腺瘤和癌变成分在每个微卫星位点的改变情况不完全相同 ,并且当在某一位点同时表现为阳性时 ,部分凝胶电泳的图像相同 ,而部分不同 ;在某些位点表现为癌变成分的异常条带泳动速度更快 ,说明序列比腺瘤中更短 ;MSI H与病人的年龄、性别、腺瘤发生部位和病理学亚型之间未见统计学差异 ,但MSI H组的平均年龄 (5 6 5 0± 1 1 38)低于MSI L组 (6 0 36±1 1 34) ,女性所占比率 (5 6 )明显高于男性 ,6例MSI H中无 1例组织学类型为管状腺瘤 ;各位点在MSI H组的MSI改变率明显高于MSI L组 ,在TGFβRⅡ (A) 1 0 、hMSH6、TCF4、BAT2 6等位点有明显差异 (P <0 0 5 ,其中BAT2 6的P <0 0 1 ) .可以推断 :在结直肠癌发生发展的早期即腺瘤阶段即可表现微卫星不稳定性 ;微卫星不稳定性可以随结直肠肿瘤的发展过程而发展 ,并且特定的微卫星位点的改变可能仅发生于肿瘤进程的特定阶段 ;在结直肠癌     

新疆维吾尔自治区20年间胃癌的临床特点分析

目的:分析新疆地区近20年来胃癌流行病学特征,探讨其变化规律及发展趋势。方法:回顾性分析和比较1991年、2001年、2011年经新疆维吾自治区人民医院胃镜及病理学诊断确诊为胃癌的病例的一般资料、病理学及内镜下特点,包括性别、年龄、病理类型、发病部位。结果:1991年组:胃癌检出率为2.48%,中位年龄为54岁,男女之比为3.3:1.0,发病部位以胃窦部癌为主,占39.1%;2001年组:检出率为2.39%,中位年龄为61岁,男女之比为3.0:1.0,发病部位以胃体部癌为主,占42.1%;2011年组:检出率为1.48%,中位年龄为63岁,男女之比为3.9:1.0,发病部位以贲门胃底部为主,占34.8%。三组病理学类型均以腺癌为主,检出率有逐年升高趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:(1)近20年来胃癌发病部位有上移现象,且胃癌检发病率有下降趋势;(2)男性胃癌患者发病率明显高于女性,且近20年来胃癌患者男女比例无明显改变;(3)近20年来胃癌发病中位年龄逐渐增高,且随着年龄的增长发病率逐渐升高,以中老年发病率最高;(4)癌患者病理类型仍以腺癌为主,且近20年来腺癌所占比例无明显变化。     

溃疡性结肠炎合并肿瘤性息肉的危险因素分析

目的:探讨溃疡性结肠炎合并肿瘤性息肉的流行病学、发病机制的特点以及危险因素.方法:选择我院2008年6月至2012年3月收治的25例溃疡性结肠炎合并肿瘤性息肉(观察组)、25例散发性肿瘤性息肉(对照一组),25例大肠息肉癌变患者为研究对象(对照二组)的临床资料进行回顾性分析,对各组患者息肉标本及临床危险因素进行分析.结果:观察组结肠镜下形态学特点、组织学分型与对照一组存在显著性统计学差异(P＜0.05),而与对照二组患者无统计学差异(P＞o.05).观察组与对照一组的临床危险因素比较,其中性别、年龄、BMI指数、病理分型、息肉直径大小、P53阳性和其他因素(有原发性硬化性胆管炎、结直肠癌家族史)存在统计学差异,与对照二组危险因素仅有性别存在统计学差异.结论:溃疡性结肠炎合并肿瘤性息肉患者在病理组织类型特点与危险因素与息肉癌变者更为相近,临床诊断治疗过程中应给予高度重视.     

大肠息肉的危险因素分析

目的：探讨大肠息肉在人群中的年龄、性别、病理类型的分布,并探讨体质量指数、吸烟饮酒、血脂水平、相关疾病、饮食习惯及运动状况对大肠息肉发生的影响。方法：选择2011年4月至2013年4月在海军总医院进行电子结肠镜检查的542例患者,将结肠镜检查发现大肠息肉并住院治疗的患者纳入息肉组,将内镜检查无明显异常的患者纳入对照组。比较两组患者的体质量指数、吸烟饮酒、血脂水平、相关疾病、饮食习惯及运动状况等。结果：大肠息肉人群中男性多于女性,40岁以上高发,超重及肥胖者达55．56％;经常饮酒、较少进食蔬菜、水果、粗纤维食物、运动量少及患有高脂血症、高血压、糖尿病、脂肪肝、胆系疾病者易发大肠息肉。结论：高体质量指数、吸烟、高血脂水平、相关疾病、不良饮食习惯、运动量小是大肠息肉发生的危险因素。     

大肠息肉的危险因素分析

目的:探讨大肠息肉在人群中的年龄、性别、病理类型的分布,并探讨体质量指数、吸烟饮酒、血脂水平、相关疾病、饮食习惯及运动状况对大肠息肉发生的影响。方法:选择2011年4月至2013年4月在海军总医院进行电子结肠镜检查的542例患者,将结肠镜检查发现大肠息肉并住院治疗的患者纳入息肉组,将内镜检查无明显异常的患者纳入对照组。比较两组患者的体质量指数、吸烟饮酒、血脂水平、相关疾病、饮食习惯及运动状况等。结果:大肠息肉人群中男性多于女性,40岁以上高发,超重及肥胖者达55.56%;经常饮酒、较少进食蔬菜、水果、粗纤维食物、运动量少及患有高脂血症、高血压、糖尿病、脂肪肝、胆系疾病者易发大肠息肉。结论:高体质量指数、吸烟、高血脂水平、相关疾病、不良饮食习惯、运动量小是大肠息肉发生的危险因素。     

First experience in clinical application of hyperspectral endoscopy for evaluation of colonic polyps

Early detection and resection of adenomatous polyps prevents their progression to colorectal cancer (CRC), significantly improving patient outcomes. Polyps are typically identified and removed during white-light colonoscopy. Unfortunately, the rate of interval cancers that arise between CRC screening events remains high, linked to poor visualization of polyps during screening and incomplete polyp removal. Here, we sought to evaluate the potential of a hyperspectral endoscope (HySE) to enhance polyp discrimination for detection and resection. We designed, built and tested a new compact HySE in a proof-of-concept clinical study. We successfully collected spectra from three tissue types in seven patients undergoing routine colonoscopy screening. The acquired spectral data from normal tissue and polyps, both pre- and post- resection, were subjected to quantitative analysis using spectral angle mapping and machine learning, which discriminated the data by tissue type, meriting further investigation of HySE as a clinical tool.     

Predictors of Colorectal Polyp Recurrence after the First Polypectomy in Private Practice Settings: A Cohort Study

Background

Supplementary observational data in the community setting are required to better assess the predictors of colorectal polyp recurrence and the effectiveness of colonoscopy surveillance under real circumstances.

Aim

The goal of this study was to identify patient characteristics and polyp features at baseline colonoscopy that are associated with the recurrence of colorectal polyps (including hyperplastic polyps) among patients consulting private practice physicians.

Patients and Methods

This cohort study was conducted from March 2004 to December 2010 in 26 private gastroenterology practices (France). It included 1023 patients with a first-time diagnosis of histologically confirmed polyp removed during a diagnostic or screening colonoscopy. At enrollment, interviews were conducted to obtain data on socio-demographic variables and risk factors. Pathology reports were reviewed to abstract data on polyp features at baseline colonoscopy. Colorectal polyps diagnosed at the surveillance colonoscopy were considered as end points. The time to event was analyzed with an accelerated failure time model assuming a Weibull distribution.

Results

Among the 1023 patients with colorectal polyp at baseline, 553 underwent a surveillance colonoscopy. The mean time interval from baseline colonoscopy to first surveillance examination was 3.42 (standard deviation, 1.45) years. The recurrence rates were 50.5% and 32.9% for all polyps and adenomas, respectively. In multivariate models, the number of polyps at baseline was the only significant predictor for both polyp recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 1.19, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.33), and adenoma recurrence (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.34).

Conclusion

The efficacy of surveillance colonoscopy in community gastroenterology practice compared favorably with academic settings. This study provides further evidence that the number of initial colorectal polyps is useful for predicting the risk of polyp recurrence, even in the community setting.     

Benign epithelial gastric polyps--frequency,location, and age and sex distribution

Prospective investigation has been undertaken with the aim to study the frequency, location and age and sex distribution of various histological types of benign gastric epithelial polyps. Histological type--adenomatous, hyperplastic and fundic gland polyps--was diagnosed on the basis of at least three histological samples taken from the polyp. Biopsy samples were also taken from the antrum and the body of the stomach so that gastritis could be graded and classified, and the presence of H. pylori could be determined by histology. All 6,700 patients, who had undergone upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in a one-year period, participated in this study. Among them 42 benign gastric epithelial polyp were found in 31 patients: adenomatous gastric polyps in 7 patients, hyperplastic gastric polyp in 21 and fundic gland polyp in 3 patients. All patients with hyperplastic polyps had chronic active superficial gastritis, whereas most of the patients with adenomatous polyps had a chronic atrophic gastritis with high prevalence of intestinal metaplasia. Among 21 patients with hyperplastic gastric polyps, 16 (76%) patients were positive for H. pylori infection in contrast to only 2 patients (29%) with adenomatous gastric polyps and 1 patient (33%) with fundic gland polyp. Presented data indicates that hyperplastic gastric polyps are the most common and they are associated with the presence of chronic active superficial gastritis and concomitant H. pylori infection. Adenomatous polyps are rarer and they tend to be associated with chronic atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. Fundic gland polyp is the rarest type of gastric polyps.     

Cytology of colorectal adenomas

A study of the cytological appearances of benign and malignant colorectal adenomatous polyps is reported. The aim of the study was to characterize the cytological features of adenomatous polyps and predict the likelihood of malignancy using cytology. A five grade classification of colorectal cytology has been developed and the characteristic appearances of cells from adenomatous polyps are described. The reproducibility of cytological diagnosis based on this classification has been tested in 120 smears from normal mucosa and adenomatous polyps (including polyp cancers). Correlation with histology was achieved in 88% and correlation of the cytological diagnosis between two observers was achieved in 84%. We conclude that cytology can be used reliably as an adjunct to histology in the assessment of malignancy of adenomatous polyps.     

Hereditary site-specific colon cancer in a Canadian kindred.

A large kindred with colorectal cancer unaccompanied by polyposis coli and characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance has been identified in eastern Canada. Ten family members from three successive generations have presented 17 documented colorectal cancers. The clinical features of the kindred are characteristic of hereditary site-specific colon cancer (HSSCC) (Lynch syndrome I): absence of multiple polyposis, autosomal dominant inheritance, onset of colorectal cancer at an early age and a high incidence of synchronous and metachronous colorectal cancers. A unique feature of this family is the high incidence of sporadic adenomatous polyps in affected members and their relatives. Patients with HSSCC have been managed by means of segmental colectomy followed by annual colonoscopic surveillance. All five patients with localized (Dukes'' stage A or B) cancer at initial diagnosis were alive and free of disease after 2 to 12 years of follow-up, although three had required further colonic resection for metachronous carcinomas. Five young family members without cancer have had sporadic adenomatous polyps removed and are being followed with annual colonoscopy. It is not known whether polypectomy will alter the subsequent incidence of colon cancer. Subtotal colectomy is recommended for patients with HSSCC because of the high incidence of multiple lesions. An aggressive screening protocol, including colonoscopy, is recommended for all adult first- and second-degree relatives of patients with HSSCC. Identification of a biomarker, which is currently being sought in this kindred, would help identify those at greatest risk of development of cancer and allow earlier intervention.     

Selenium in the blood of patients with colorectal cancer and neoplastic polyp.

Samples of whole blood were obtained from 51 patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer as well as from 76 patients with neoplastic colorectal polyp, and from 30 healthy blood bank donors. Selenium was determined by the fluorimetric method. Significantly decreased selenium concentrations of blood samples from patients with colorectal cancer and villous adenoma were found. There was not any correlation between the blood selenium levels of patients with adenomatous polyp and the severity of dysplasia in removed polyps. The lowest mean selenium level in patients with villous adenoma indicates that selenium deficiency may be an important factor in the development of colorectal cancer arising from villous adenomas.