贻贝核型及染色体带型分析

本文对贻贝染色体进行了核型分析,其结果为：２ｎ＝２８,１２ｍ＋１０ｓｍ＋６ｓｔ,ＮＦ＝５０,ＴＣＬ＝１０３．９０μｍ,ＣＬ：２．７３５－４．７７４μｍ。第１、２、４、８、１１、１２对为中部着丝粒染色体（ｓｍ）,第３、５、７对亚端部着丝粒染色体（ｓｍ）。对贻贝染色体的Ｇ带,Ｃ带、银染色带进行了分析。银染结果表明,贻贝细胞中有四个银染核仁组织区,分布在第３、５对染色体长臂末端。     

迷宫漏斗蛛Aglena labyrinthica的染色体（蜘蛛目：漏斗蛛科）

报告迷宫漏斗蛛的染色体数目,形态结构和性染色体组成,结果表明,迷宫漏斗蛛体细胞染色体数目是：雄性２ｎ＝４２,雌性２ｎ＝４４,性别决定机制属Ｘ１Ｘ２Ｏ型,Ｘ染色体是全部染色体中最长的和最短的２个（对）,染色体似乎均为端或亚端着丝粒染色体,这由Ｃ－显带标本分析所证实,没有亚中着丝粒染色体的证据,Ｃ－带标本分析表明,常染色体中,各条染色全的Ｃ－带纹,其大小和染色深浅无明显差异,但Ｘ２染色体上有明显宽的Ｃ     

贻贝(Mytilus edulis)核型及染色体带型分析

本文对贻贝染色体进行了核型分析,其结果为：２ｎ＝２８,１２ｍ＋１０ｓｍ＋６ｓｔ,ＮＦ＝５０,ＴＣＬ＝ １０３．９０μｍ,ＣＬ：２．７３５－４．７７４μｍ。第１、２、４、８、１１、１２对为中部着丝粒染色体（ｍ）;第６、９、１０、１３、１４对 为亚中部着丝粒染色体（ｓｍ）;第 ３、５、７对为亚端部着丝粒染色体（ｓｔ）。对贻贝染色体的Ｇ带、Ｃ带、银 染带进行了分析。银染结果表明,贻贝细胞中有四个银染核仁组织区（Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ）,分布在第 ３、５对染 色体长臂末端。     

赤斑羚和斑羚核型比较研究

本文对赤斑羚（ＮａｅｍｏｒｈｅｄｕｓＣｒａｎｂｒｏｏｋｉ）和斑羚（Ｎ．ｇｏｒａｌｇｒｉｓｅｕｓ）的染色体Ｇ带、Ｃ带和Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ的数目、分布等作了较详细的比较研究。赤斑羚２ｎ＝５６全部为近端着丝粒染色体,Ｎ．Ｆ＝５４;斑羚２ｎ＝５４,除Ｎｏ．３是亚中着丝粒染色体外,具有丰富的异染色质;二者Ｇ带带纹相似程度高,其Ｎｏ．３长臂Ｇ带带纹相似。斑羚的Ｎｏ．３短臂与赤斑羚Ｎｏ．２７近端着丝粒染色体的大小、     

泉水唇鱼的核型和带型研究

本文用上皮细胞培养方法对金沙江水系的泉水唇鱼染色体进行了研究。其二倍体数２ｎ＝５０,核型组成为１６ｍ＋２０ｓｍ＋１４ｓｔ,ＮＦ＝８６。阳性Ｃ＝带位置有几种类型（１）着丝粒区;（２）短臂异染色质化;（３）插入异染色质带。Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ有７条,出现在Ｎｏｓ．１０－１３染色体短臂。根据以上所述特征,推浊泉水唇鱼可能是较为特化的种类。     

大仓鼠的核型与B染色体研究

采用骨髓细胞染色体制片法,对分布于山东济南、泰山、东北长白山和陕西西安的大仓鼠的染色体组型、Ｇ－带、Ｃ－带和银染核型进行了分析研究。济南、西安和长白山的标本的二倍体数目和核型相似,２ｎ＝２８,２２ｔ＋４ｍ＋ＸＹ（ｓｔ,ｍ）。泰山标本的二倍体数目为２ｎ＝２８～２９,即在６７５％的中期相中多出了一条形态最小的端着丝粒染色体,这条染色体为Ｂ染色体,可能起源于Ｘ染色体。泰山标本的Ａ染色体组与上述３地标本相同。４地标本的Ｇ－带、Ｃ－带和银染核型相似。除Ｂ染色体外,每个端着丝粒染色体都具有着丝粒异染色质,ＡｇＮＯＲｓ较恒定地出现在Ｎｏｓ２,４,８,９,１３染色体上。也就是说大仓鼠的Ｂ染色体为Ｃ－带阴性,不携带核仁组织者。这种Ｂ染色体Ｃ－带阴性的特征在赤狐、黑家鼠和大林姬鼠朝鲜亚种中亦有报道。     

星豹蛛Pardos astigera染色体组型分析

首次报告星豹蛛的染色体形态结构,数目和性染色体组成,实验结果表明,星豹蛛染色体数目为：雄体２ｎ＝２８,雌体２ｎ＝３０,性别决定机制属于Ｘ１Ｘ２Ｏ型,Ｘ１为全部染色体中最长的,Ｘ２为全部染色体中最短的,全部染色体均为端着丝粒,这个结论可以被Ｃ－带标本所证实,且Ｃ－带带纹大小及染色深浅均无明显差异,Ｇ－带处理得到了稳定的,有重复性的带纹。     

金线松（属）的细胞分类学研究

我国特有植物金线松Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｌａｒｉｘ ａｍａｂｉｌｉｓ的体细胞染色数目为２ｈ＝４４,不同于ｎ＝１２（Ｍｉｙａｋｅ＆Ｙａｓｕｉ,１９１１）和２ｎ＝２４（Ｄｕｒｒｉｅｕ－Ｖａｂｒｅ,１９６１）的结果。核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝４４＝４ｓｍ＋４０ｔ）４ＳＣ）属３Ｂ类型,与Ｋ（ｎ）＝２２＝２ｍ＋２０５（Ｓａｘ＆Ｓａｘ,１９３３）和Ｋ（２ｎ）＝４４＋４ｓｍ＋４０ｔ（Ｈｉｚｕｍｅ,１９８８）有差异。染色体相对     

蓝尾石龙子染色体组型与Ag—NORs分析

本文用骨髓细胞制片,分析了蓝尾石龙子的染色体组型和Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ,其二倍体２ｎ＝２６,含６对大型的和７对小型的染色体,除３对小型的染色体呈点状外,其余均为中部着丝粒,ＮＦ＝４６。这个种的一种对Ａｇ－ＮＯＲ位于Ｎｏ．２长臂近着丝粒区。未见有异型的性染铎体。     

石貂的染色体研究

本文对分布在我国的石貂北方亚种染色体进行了较详细的研究。结果表明２ｎ＝３８,核型为１４（Ｍ）＋４（ＳＭ）＋１８（ＳＴ）,ＸＹ（Ｍ,Ａ）。Ｃ－带显示该亚种的一些染色体着丝粒区域结构异染色质弱化或消失。Ｎｏ,９染色体的短臂完全异染色质化;Ｘ染色体长臂丰出现插入杂色质带;Ｙ为完全结构异染色质组成。     

四种裸子植物叶精油化学成分的研究

采用气相色谱—质谱—计算机联用仪对穗花杉、南方红豆杉、三尖杉和罗汉松叶精油化学成分的研究发现,三尖杉和穗花杉叶精油的组成特点极为相似,相同成分１３个,占各自精油组成的４８．０７％和３３．３２％．三尖杉和南方红豆杉叶精油的相同成分４个,占各自精油组成的１６．１４％和４０．５９％．在一定程度上支持三尖杉科和红豆杉科的亲缘关系接近,红豆杉科可能是通过穗花杉属和三尖杉科相联系的观点．罗汉松和穗花杉叶精油的相同成分４个,占各自叶精油组成的比例为２４．０９％和２０．８２％,比罗汉松和南方红豆杉、三尖杉之间组分的相似性要高．反映出罗汉松科和红豆杉科之间有一定联系,穗花杉属是认识红豆杉科、三尖杉科和罗汉松科之间系统关系的关键属     

穗花杉属的核形态及其系统位置的探讨

研究了穗花杉Amentotaxus argotaenia和云南穗花杉A.yunnanensis的核形态。它们的有丝分裂间期核都为复杂染色中心型,前期染色体为中间型,中期染色体数目均为2n=36,核型相似,均为K(2n)＝36=8m+28T,核型不对称性属于1B型,N．F．值为44。云南穗花杉的核型为首次报道。结合其它学科的资料,认为穗花杉属同榧属Torreya比较接近。     

On the Systematic Position of Amentotaxus from Its Embryological Investigation

The present paper deals with the embryological study and the systematic position of Amentotaxus argotaenia (Hance) Pilger. The material used was collected during 1980-1981 from Jin-fo Shan, 1400-1600 m, Sichuan Province, China. The species is dioecious. The male cone sheds its pollen during the period from the end of May to the middle of June. The pollen at mature stage is 2-celled. Pollen chamber appears obvious at the end of the nucellus. When pollen grains are dispersed, megaspore mother cell, which is situated deep in the nucellus, is in meiosis. The megaspore divides mitotically after pollination and the free nuclei of female gametophyte divide for the last time at the end of June. The wall formation takes place at the stage of 256 free nuclei. The development of archegonia takes place at the beginning of July and the fertilization occurs about July 20-23. The fertilized egg divides successively four times and results in a 16-nucleate proembryo. The young embryo is developing in August. It is interesting to note that the development of the young embryo is very slow. When the seed reaches the mature stage from June to July in the following year, the multicellular masses of the young embryos resulted from simple polyembryony remain immature within the female gametophyte. No cleavage polyembryony has been found. The subsequent embryogeny takes place after the seed has shed. Keng (1975) considers that Amentotaxus links the Taxaceae with Cephalotaxaceae. Our embryological data support Keng’s conclusion since they share (1) compound microstrobilus, (2) 2-celled pollen grains at shedding stage and (3) the rather long life cycle. Keng (1975) also mentions that Podocarpaceae may connect with Taxaceae through Phyllocladus. According to Keng the Podocarpaceae is related to Taxaceae to certain degree. It is obvious that the primitive spike-like male strobilus like the one in Cordaitales is obviously retained in Podocarpus spicatus and P. andinus of Podocarpaceae and Amentotaxus of Taxaceae. In addition, like in Amentotaxus there are 16 nuclei before wall formation in the proembryo of Podocarpus nivalis. These facts may well indicate that at least the Podocarpaceae and the Taxaceae were derived from a common stock. As far as the Taxaceae is concerned the authors tend to support the view of Koidzumi (1932) that Amentotaxus and Austrotaxus should be put in the same tribe since both possess the spike-like strobilus, the long life cycle and the seed maturation in the following year. They are probably rather primitive genera in the Taxaceae. The proembryogeny of Torreya is more or less specialized. It may be placed in a rather advanced tribe and the tribe Taxeae (including Taxus and Pseudotaxus)may be between the above two tribes. In conclusion, the Taxaceae is related to the Coniferales in certain respects and, as Keng (1975), Harri (1976) and Wang et al. (1979) have pointed out recently, placing of the Taxaceae in Coniferales is rather justifiable.     

Polymorphic karyotypes and sex chromosomes in the tufted deer (Elaphodus cephalophus): cytogenetic studies and analyses of sex chromosome-linked genes

Different diploid chromosome numbers have been reported for the tufted deer Elaphodus cephalophus (female, 2n = 46/47; male, 2n = 47/48) in earlier reports. In the present study, chromosomal analysis of seven tufted deer (5 male symbol, 2 female symbol) revealed that the karyotype of these animals contains 48 chromosomes, including a pair of large heteromorphic chromosomes in the male. C-banding revealed these chromosomes to be very rich in constitutive heterochromatin. Chromosome banding and PCR of sex chromosome-linked genes (SRY, ZFX, ZFY) performed on DOP-PCR products of single microdissected X and Y chromosomes confirmed that the large telocentric chromosome without secondary constriction is the X chromosome whereas the subtelocentric chromosome is the Y. The increased size of both, the X and Y chromosome, appears to be at least partially attributable to the presence of substantial amounts of heterochromatin.     

白豆杉的核型和性染色体的研究

白豆杉pseudotaxus chienii(Cheng)Cheng是我国裸子植物特有属之一,雌雄异常,根尖 细胞染色体分析表明：雌株有一对异形性染色体,异配性别,属ZW型;雄株是同配性别,属ZZ型,雌株的型为2n=2x=24=22m(2SAT ZW) 2T,雄株的核型为2n=2x=24=22m(2SAT ZZ) 2T。Giemsa C-带,显示,Z染色体长短臂均具端带,W染色体不显带。     

大麻染色体行为分析

以大麻不同性别的植株为材料,常规压片法观察细胞染色体行为规律。核型分析结果表明:大麻雌雄株的体细胞染色体数目均为2n=20,核型公式分别为雌株2n=2x=20=18m 2sm,雄株2n=2x=20=18m 2sm(1SAT)。雌株体细胞中有2条X染色体,而雄株只有一条X染色体和一条具有大随体的Y染色体。雌雄株核型均为2A型,为较对称核型。这一结果可为进一步研究大麻性别的分化机制提供细胞遗传学理论依据。     

四川青城山穗花杉种群和群落特征的初步研究

本文对四川省都江堰市青城山境内的穗花杉群落进行了初步研究,首次揭示了穗花杉群落和种群的基本特征．穗花杉种群具明显的增长型特征,处于良好的发育状态,其空间分布格局为集群型,其生态习性为显著的耐阴性和岩生性．穗花杉植物群落植物区系成分表现为古老性、残遗性和特有性的有机融合,群落内有维管束植物１１１种．其中热带区系成分占优势．生活型话以常绿高位芽植物为主．而其中又以常绿小高位芽和常绿中高位芽植物占优势．群落中植物叶的性质亦与常绿阔叶林相似。由于常绿针叶植物穗花村在群落中居优势地位,因此作者认为该群落是亚热带常绿阔叶林中的一类特殊群落类型。     

TRANSMISSION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF B CHROMOSOMES IN ANTHURIUM WAROCQUEANUM

Somatic and meiotic chromosomes of one plant of Anthurium warocqueanum J. Moore and its selfed offspring were analyzed. The parent showed 2n = 30 + 3B in both somatic cells and pollen mother cells. The B chromosomes divided normally in somatic cells, but meiotic associations of Bs varied. Three configurations of three B chromosomes were observed at metaphase I of parent meiosis: one trivalent, one bivalent and one univalent, or three univalents. The number of B chromosomes in offspring ranged from 0 to 6, indicating their transmission from both male and female gametes. Offspring with two B chromosomes appeared in greatest frequency. It was hypothesized that both male and female gametes of the 3 B parent frequently contained one B chromosome through the normal distribution of the bivalent Bs at meiosis and the elimination of the univalent B chromosome due to lagging. Examination of pollen mother cells of offspring also revealed irregular behavior of B chromosomes. With a high number of B chromosomes, normal A chromosome bivalent formation seemed to be reduced. No phenotypic effects of B chromosomes were observed.     

615小鼠染色体组型与G带带型分析

目的建立615小鼠标准染色体组型与G带染色体核型,提供可靠的细胞遗传学背景资料。方法成年615小鼠8只,雌雄各半,提取骨髓细胞,制片,镜检。确立615小鼠体细胞染色体数目。选择10个典型细胞测量染色体基本数据。G带染色。结果615小鼠的染色体数目为40条,XX为雌性,XY为雄性。所有染色体均为中部着丝点。X染色体相对长度仅次于第1对染色体,Y染色体的相对长度在第4对染色体和第5对染色体之间。G显带条数与小鼠有很大差异,接近于大鼠。结论615小鼠的核型为2n=40=2×19m＋（x）m＋（y）m,G显带共262条。     

On the karyotype of a laboratory Trichinella strain from Bulgaria.

The karyotype of male and female individuals of the species Trichinella nelsoni was studied. It was found that the number of chromosomes in females individuals is 2n = 6 and in males 2n = 5. Each pair of chromosomes differs from one another as to dimensions and location of the centromere. The univalent chromosome that was found in the chromosome set containing five chromosomes is the second largest submetacentric chromosome. It is suggested that this chromosome is the sex chromome of the studied Trichinellae.