液相BANA试验检测口腔关键厌氧菌方法的建立

目的建立液相苯甲酰精氨酸萘酰胺(简写BANA)水解试验快速检测牙周病关键厌氧菌的新技术。方法利用牙周病相关关键微生物可产生胰蛋白酶样酶使人工合成的酶底物———BANA水解的原理检测这些重要口腔厌氧菌。结果BANA试验可检测出8.0×105以上的牙龈卟啉菌,特异性良好、不受标本采集中血污染的影响;71.88%活动期牙周炎龈下菌斑BANA试验阳性,4%的健康人龈下菌斑BANA试验阳性。结论BANA试验可望成为牙周病诊断新的辅助指标。     

三种益生菌制剂活菌的稳定性

目的检测3种益生菌制剂的稳定性,了解其所含活菌的稳定性信息。方法按药物稳定性试验指导原则进行加速稳定性试验和长期稳定性试验。加速稳定性试验在第0、1、2、3、6个月各检测1次,共5次;长期稳定性试验在第0、3、6个月各检测1次,共3次。制剂1的加速条件为(30±2)℃、相对湿度(65±5)%,长期条件为(18±2)℃、相对湿度(60±10)%;制剂2、3的加速条件为(25±2)℃、相对湿度(60±10)%,长期条件为(6±2)℃、相对湿度(60±10)%。检测项目包括崩解时限检查、干燥失重检测和活菌计数。结果 3种益生菌制剂在实验前后含水量等指标相对稳定,菌种含量有轻微变化,除制剂1中的嗜酸乳杆菌外,其余菌种含量均较稳定,在标示含量范围内(均P0.05)。结论 3种益生菌制剂在加速条件和长期条件下稳定性均较好,生物学特性未发生明显改变。     

血液细菌感染对血清(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖检测结果的影响

目的探讨血液细菌感染对血清(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖检测结果的影响。方法排除影响G试验结果的干扰因素后,选取符合入组条件的血培养细菌阳性及血培养阴性患者各40例,采集血清进行G试验检测。结果 40例血培养细菌阳性标本中革兰阳性菌22例,革兰阴性菌18例,其中只有1例大肠埃希菌的G试验结果为阳性,4例在灰区,其余为阴性。40例血培养阴性标本3例G试验结果在灰区,其余为阴性。血培养细菌阳性组与血培养阴性组G试验结果差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血液细菌感染对G试验检测干扰较小。     

80例TIA病人的血液流变学分析

目的探讨ＴＩＡ病人的血液流变学改变。方法８０例ＴＩＡ病人均在末次发作后２４ｈ内静脉抽血进行血液流变学测定,并与对照组进行比较。结果ＴＩＡ组病人的红细胞压积、全血高切粘度、全血低切粘度、全血还原高切粘度、全血还原低切粘度、血浆粘度及红细胞聚集性各指标均明显增高,与正常对照组比较有显著性差异。结论血液粘度的增高是引起短暂性脑缺血发作的发病机制之一。     

急性低氧性缺氧小鼠血液粘度与红细胞流变性变化

目的:观察小鼠急性低氧性缺氧(AHH)后红细胞流变性与血液粘度的变化。方法:32只健康昆明小鼠均分为:对照组、AHH组(复制模型,分为5 min、8 min、11 min三个亚组),在相应时间点,快速颈部脱臼后,从心尖取血,检测各组小鼠血液粘度与红细胞流变性指标。结果:与对照组相比,低氧5 min组各切变率下的全血粘度、全血相对粘度、全血还原粘度均显著降低,红细胞变形指数显著升高;低氧8 min组和低氧11 min组的群体细胞电泳时间显著延长、细胞电泳长度与细胞迁移率显著降低;低氧8 min组的全血相对粘度、全血还原粘度、红细胞聚集指数均显著高于、红细胞变形指数显著低于低氧5 min组。结论:AHH可引起小鼠血液粘度降低、红细胞电泳能力下降。     

牙龈卟啉菌特异性克隆探针的筛选

目的 从牙龈卟啉菌47A－1的基因文库中筛选出特异性片段,制备成特异性克隆探针,方法 将牙龈卟啉菌47A－1基因文库中的重组质粒大量扩增和纯化,采用地高辛标记法制备成探针,与口腔中14种常见细菌DNA进行杂交鉴定,检测其特异性,从中筛选出对牙龈叶卟啉菌具有特异性的克隆探针。结果 重组质粒pZJ1与牙龈卟啉菌47A－1杂交,而与其它细菌DNA均不杂交,包括牙龈卟啉菌ATCC33277和W83。结论 重组质粒pZJI可制备成高特异笥克隆探针。     

PCR直接检测龈下菌斑主要可疑牙周致病菌

目的：应用PCR方法直接检测龈下菌斑主要可疑牙周致病菌与牙周病活动部位的关系,探讨其方法的可行性并探讨其主要可疑牙周致病菌的分布规律。方法：应用聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)直接检测龈下菌斑主要可疑致病菌16s RNA保守区域片段。40名受试者包括牙周病患者20人,每人同口取一个牙周病活动部位,一个相对健康或牙周病静止对照部位;成人健康者20人,每人各取一个标本。结果：龈下菌斑5种可疑牙周致病菌在牙周病活动部位的检出率牙龈卟啉菌为86％,福赛类杆菌为95％,螺旋体为86％,中间普氏菌和黑色普氏菌分别为95％和33％,均显著高于同口部位对照组和健康对照组。结论：PCR直接检测菌斑牙龈卟啉单胞菌、中间普氏菌、福赛类杆菌、齿密螺旋体及黑色普氏菌匀与牙周炎活动部位相关。     

A、C、Y、W135群脑膜炎奈瑟菌抗体血清体外杀菌试验方法优化

目的进一步优化脑膜炎奈瑟菌的血清抗体特异性体外杀菌试验,建立更加标准的A、C、W135、Y群脑膜炎奈瑟菌血清杀菌试验(serum bactericidal assay,SBA)方法,并验证其可行性及稳定性。方法 (1)用经典溶血方法测定补体活性,并根据非特异性杀菌率(non-specific killing rates,NSK)筛选出最佳试验补体;(2)对影响最终菌落数的关键因素,如靶菌起始浓度、培养基、染色剂浓度等进行优化;(3)根据质控血清的测定结果,确定补体最佳稀释比例和孵育时间;(4)对优化后的方法进行准确性、线性和精密度验证。结果补体选用Pel-freez-11536,溶血活性约为400 U/m L,除C血清群靶菌孵育时间需在45 min以内,其余血清群靶菌NSK均≤25%;对数期A、C、W135、Y血清群脑膜炎奈瑟菌做靶菌的最佳起始浓度为A600 nm的菌液分别稀释10~5、10~5×2、10~5×4、10~5×4倍;4种血清群脑膜炎奈瑟菌在BHI+0.5%血平板培养基上生长正常,且培养基颜色较浅,染色效果较明显;4种血清群靶菌的染色剂TTC最佳添加量均为0.001%;补体最佳用量为1∶3稀释,活性单位约133 U/m L;最佳孵育时间除C血清群为45 min外,其余血清群均以60 min为宜;优化后的方法测定质控血清的稀释倍数与对应的SBA滴度呈显著负相关,斜率在-1.1~-0.9之间,Pearson相关系数在-1.0~-0.9之间,P0.001,多次试验的CV均15%。结论对传统的SBA方法进行了优化,建立了更具有可比性、重复性较好的简单、可行、稳定的SBA方法。     

血液细胞检验质量控制在临床医学检验中的应用研究

目的对影响临床血液细胞检验质量的相关因素加以分析,并提出对应的质量控制办法。方法将采集的50份血液标本分别采用1:10000与1:5000两种稀释比例进行稀释处理;并将将采集的50等份标本混合分成100等份,分别放于室温与低温下保存,分析不同稀释比例、不同保存方式对血液检验结果的影响。结果不同稀释比例的血液标本,其RBC、PLT与WBC、血HGB指标水平存在显著差异(P0.05);且不同存放条件下同时段的RBC、PLT与WBC、血HGB指标水平也存在显著差异(P0.05)。结论稀释比例与存放条件均对血液检验结果有所影响,故需采取综合措施以有效控制血液检验质量。     

ELISA法检测流行性腮腺炎病毒感染特异性IgM抗体的研究

用流行性腮腺炎(流腮)病毒Enders株接种鸡胚尿囊腔培养,尿囊液经聚乙二醇6000处理制备流腮病毒抗原,用ELISA法检测流腮患者血清中特异性IgM抗体,其敏感性,特异性、重复性和稳定性都很高。 79份流腮患者血清,检出特异性IgM72份,阳性率为91％,32例非流腮患者IgM全部阴性、两者有极显著差异(P<0.01)。 10份血清作血清倍比稀释至1∶3200测IgM仍全部阳性,1∶6400稀释仅1例阴性,1∶12800稀释5例中仍有2例阳性。 10份血清作流腮抗原特异性抗体阻断试验,光密度抑制率均大于50％,平均为87％,10份标本作2-ME和SPA阻断后检测IgM抗体,结果2-ME阻断标本全部阴转,而SPA阻断标本仍阳性,证实所检测为流腮特异性抗体。 24份标本2次重复检测流腮IgM,其阴、阳性结果一致,这期间抗原放4℃ 1个月,提示抗原的稳定性和方法的重复性都很好。本方法敏感性明显高于血凝抑制试验,其阳性率分别为91％和61％,两者有显著差异。而且所用试剂简单经济,操作简便,快速,适用于临床早期诊断,易于广泛推广应用。     

Salivary detection of periodontopathic bacteria in periodontally healthy children

BACKGROUND: Salivary occurrence of periodontopathic bacteria is of interest especially in children as a risk indicator for the transmission, development and control of periodontal disease. We assessed the prevalence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens and Treponema denticola as microbial complexes in the saliva of children with mixed dentition and healthy gingiva. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Paraffin-stimulated saliva samples were collected from 41 children (22 boys and 19 girls), aged 6-13 years old. Gingival health was determined during the initial screening exam. The test bacteria were identified using a 16S rRNA-based PCR analysis. RESULTS: P. nigrescens was the most frequent species (80%), followed by T. denticola (32%), A. actinomycetemcomitans (24%) and P. gingivalis (12%). P. intermedia and T. forsythia were not detected. P. nigrescens was also common species in combinations. Paired and triple bacterial combinations were found in 24% and 20% of all children, respectively. There was no positive association between bacterial combinations in colonization and subject's gender (P>0.05, Fisher exact test). CONCLUSION: The salivary presence of P. nigrescens, T. denticola, A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis but not P. intermedia and T. forsythia can occur in childhood without clinical signs of gingival disease. Thus, the possible risk of bacterial transmissions through saliva and, the need to screen for periodontal pathogens should be considered before mixed dentition.     

Mixed infections with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola cause excessive inflammatory responses in a mouse pneumonia model compared with monoinfections

Periodontopathic anaerobes such as Porphyromonas gingivalis are frequently found in aspiration pneumonia and lung abscesses. However, defense mechanisms and responses to these bacterial infections in the lung in vivo remain poorly understood. The coexistence of P. gingivalis with Treponema denticola has been found at higher levels and proportions in periodontally diseased sites. We hypothesized that mixed infections with P. gingivalis and T. denticola can cause severe respiratory disease. In the present study, inflammatory responses to mono- and mixed inoculations with P. gingivalis and T. denticola in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were investigated. Acute pneumonia and lung abscesses in mice with the mixed infection resulted in a 40% mortality rate within 72 h, compared with only 10% mortality for the respective monoinfections. Pulmonary clearance of P. gingivalis was delayed in the mice with mixed infections with P. gingivalis and T. denticola. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels from BAL fluid of mice with mixed infections at 24 h after inoculation were significantly higher than those after P. gingivalis monoinfection (TNFalpha: P < 0.05, Il-1beta: P < 0.001, IL-6: P < 0.05). The chemokine KC level from BAL fluid of mice at 48 h (P < 0.05) and 72 h after mixed infection was also significantly increased when compared with that after P. gingivalis monoinfection (P < 0.001). The present study demonstrates that a mixed infection of P. gingivalis with T. denticola in mouse causes a marked bronchopneumonia and lung abscess in the mouse model.     

血浆是引起血沉增快的主要因素

目的：阐明血沉增快的原因是血浆还是红细胞。方法：收集72例血沉异常的抗凝血标本,同时收集血型相对应的72例血沉正常标本,组成血型相同的血沉异常和正常标本72对,每对互换血浆后重新测定血沉,与原始血沉结果比较,并通过多元线性回归分析血沉与血浆蛋白及血脂浓度的关系。结果：血沉异常标本的红细胞加入血沉正常标本的血浆后,72例（100%）血沉均减慢,其中30例血沉下降90%以上,35例下降70%-90%,7例小于70%。血沉正常标本的红细胞加入血沉异常标本的血浆后,67例（93%）血沉加快,其中58例（81%）变为异常（18例血沉加快10倍以上,40例加快5-10倍）。球蛋白、白蛋白和纤维蛋白原与血沉具有线性关系,球蛋白（r=0.420,P〈0.001）和纤维蛋白原（r=0.673,P〈0.001）与血沉呈正相关,而白蛋白（r=-0.558,P〈0.001）与血沉呈负相关。结论：血沉增快主要与血浆因素相关,红细胞对于血沉的影响作用很小。     

A method of sodium and potassium determination in red cells with a simple cell separation technique

Heparinized blood was centrifuged repeatedly in Eppendorf's test tubes at 7,500 g in the Unipan microcentrifuge type 320. Packed red cells were hemolysed, then sodium and potassium were determined by means of the flame photometer. The percentage of trapped plasma determined with indocyanine green amounted to on average 1 per cent. There was a good precision of the method controlled on 20 aliquots of the same blood sample. Results of red cell sodium and potassium in 80 healthy volunteers were 10.42 +/- 1.56 mmol/l and 87.8 +/- 4.03 mmol/l respectively. No significant changes in the red cell sodium and potassium concentration were observed in heparinized blood during 5 hours storage at room temperature. The method cannot be used interchangeably with the method of Helbock and Brown, since the correlation coefficients were too low in parallel examinations.     

Quantitative detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA genotypes in dental plaque

We developed quantitative fimA genotype assays and applied them in a pilot study investigating the fimbrial genotype distribution of Porphyromonas gingivalis in European subjects with or without chronic periodontitis. P. gingivalis was found in 71% and 9% of the samples from patients and healthy subjects, respectively. Enumeration of total P. gingivalis cell numbers by polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence showed excellent correspondence (r = 0.964). 73% of positive samples contained multiple fimA genotypes, but generally one genotype predominated by one to three orders of magnitude. Genotype II predominated in 60% of the samples. Genotype IV occurred with similar prevalence (73%) as genotype II but predominated in only 20% of the samples. Genotypes I, III and V were of much lower prevalence and cell densities of the latter two remained sparse. Our results suggest marked differences among the fimA genotypes' ability to colonize host sites with high cell numbers.     

Occurrence of Porphyromonas gingivalis with Prevotella intermedia in periodontal samples

Abstract To further examine the previously suggested inverse relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia in periodontal disease, 1016 samples taken from single or multiple (pooled) subgingival sites were cultured anaerobically and examined for the simultaneous occurrence of the microorganisms. P. gingivalis was isolated from 297 (29%) and Pr. intermedia from 501 (49%) samples. P. gingivalis was found as frequently with (14%) as without (15%) Pr. intermedia . The type of sampling had no effect on the occurrence of P. gingivalis with Pr. intermedia . However, female subjects harboured them in combination more frequently than male subjects. The mean proportions of P. gingivalis in the cultivable flora appeared to be lower when found with than without Pr. intermedia . Whether the detection of the combination, or P. gingivalis alone, has clinical relevance needs further clarification.     

Genetic variation of a fimbrial protein from Porphyromonas gingivalis and its distribution in patients with periodontal diseases

Pg-II fim from various strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis was classified on the basis of each nucleotide sequence, while the distribution of Pg-II fim types in 141 subgingival plaque samples was analyzed using PCR assays. Pg-II fim was divided into two types as follows: strains OMZ409, HG405, 381, ATCC 33277 and BH18/10 (type 1) and strains OMZ314 and HW24D-1 (type 2). The presence of P. gingivalis was demonstrated in 2.8% of healthy subjects and 56.1% of patients with periodontal diseases, and Pg-II fim was detected in 91.8% of the P. gingivalis-positive subjects. We also analyzed the distribution of the Pg-II fim types among Pg-II fim-positive patients, with the following results: type 1 (38.2%), type 2 (56.4%) and types 1 and 2 (5.4%). These findings strongly suggest that P. gingivalis organisms possessing Pg-II fim type 2 was principally detected in patients with periodontal diseases.     

Identification of Porphyromonas gingivalis components that mediate its interactions with fibronectin.

Porphyromonas (Bacteroides) gingivalis W12 binds and degrades human plasma fibronectin. In the presence of the protease inhibitor N-alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysyl chloromethyl ketone, P. gingivalis cells accumulated substantial amounts of 125I-fibronectin as a function of incubation time. Fibronectin binding was specific, reversible, and saturable. The Kd for the reaction was estimated to be on the order of 100 nM, and there was an average of 3.5 x 10(3) fibronectin binding sites per cell. Unlabeled fibronectin inhibited the binding of 125I-fibronectin to bacteria; however, fibrinogen was an even more efficient inhibitor of 125I-fibronectin binding. Unrelated proteins were without effect on fibronectin binding. A fibronectin-binding component (Mr, 150,000) was identified in sodium dodecyl sulfate-solubilized P. gingivalis. Fibronectin was degraded into discrete peptides by P. gingivalis W12. The degradation of fibronectin was inhibited by N-alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysyl chloromethyl ketone. Two P. gingivalis components (Mrs, 120,000 and 150,000) degraded fibronectin in substrate-containing gels following sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In a previous study (M. S. Lantz, R. D. Allen, T. A. Vail, L. M. Switalski, and M. Hook, J. Bacteriol. 173:495-504, 1991), we found that the same strain of P. gingivalis bound and subsequently degraded human fibrinogen via apparently distinct cell surface components of molecular sizes similar to those of components now implicated in the binding and degradation of fibronectin. These results raise the possibility that the two ligands are recognized and modified by the same components on P. gingivalis W12. In support of this hypothesis, unlabeled fibrinogen effectively inhibited the binding of 125I-fibronectin to bacteria and blocked 125I-fibronectin binding to a P. gingivalis ligand-binding component (Mr, 150,000 immobilized on a nitrocellulose membrane.