肺癌消减杂交文库中共同基因的生物信息学分析及验证

抑制性消减杂交(suppression subtractive hybridization,SSH)技术因操作简单、筛选效率高、假阳性率低等优点,被广泛用于生物与医学领域．该文拟找出用SSH所建立的10个肺癌差异表达基因文库中重复出现的基因,结果显示,其中6个正向杂交文库中,出现2次的基因有41个,出现3次的基因有4个;其中4个反向杂交文库中,出现2次的基因有6个．进一步用生物信息学分析发现,这些重复出现的差异表达基因参与了多种细胞功能,如基因转录、蛋白翻译、细胞粘附、DNA修复、氧化还原反应等,并涉及多条信号通路．值得注意的是,在这些差异表达基因中,核糖体蛋白相关基因占比最多．然后,用实时定量PCR检测文库中的TIMP3、GPX3、HSP90B1、CD9等基因的表达,结果显示,SSH文库中差异表达基因的上调和下调趋势具有较好的特异性．该研究为发现肺癌相关基因提供有价值的线索．     

新型小鼠淋巴组织特异性肌动蛋白结合蛋白相关序列cDNA克隆

 应用抑制性差减杂交技术 ( SSH)克隆两种不同小鼠胸腺基质细胞的差异表达基因 ,获得新基因片段 C55.通过 Gen Bank检索及 RT- PCR扩增出一个全长 1 .4kb的 c DNA.杂交分析认为它是一个完整的 c DNA序列 .c DNA序列分析表明 ,它拥有一个 636bp的开放读码框架 ,编码 2 1 2个氨基酸 .同源序列比较发现 ,它编码一个肌动蛋白相关蛋白的新成员 ,该序列与多种已知的肌动蛋白相关蛋白 SM2 2 α及其同源蛋白在氨基酸水平上有 62 %～ 95%的同源性 .Northern杂交分析显示 ,该基因 m RNA转录本在两种不同胸腺基质细胞中的表达存在显著差异 . RT- PCR分析显示 ,该基因特异表达于小鼠淋巴相关组织中 ,而在非淋巴组织中无表达 .     

鉴别差异表达基因的新方法──抑制消减杂交法(SSH)

抑制消减杂交法（SuppressicSubtractiveHybridization,SSH）是最近（1996）报道的能有效鉴别两个不同细胞群差异表达基因的新方法［1,2］。该方法是以抑制PCR和消减杂交法为基础,在一轮反应中实现mRNA的均等化和消减步骤。本文对SSH法的原理、优缺点作了介绍,并与其它检测差异表达基因的方法,如mRNA差别显示法（DDRT－PCR）、代表性序列差异分析（RDA）比较,认为SSH方法具有高效快速、高敏感性和假阳性低等优点。同时,625个克隆中有很大一部分是转录物丰度很低的基因,40％的克隆可能为新的基因。因此,SSH可作为鉴别差异表达基因和克隆新基因的有效方法。     

匍枝根霉抑制性消减杂交差异文库的构建及分析

目的:研究匍枝根霉纤维素酶表达相关的调控基因。方法:使用抑制性消减杂交技术(SSH),成功构建了匍枝根霉纤维素酶系的表达差异cDNA文库。随机挑选200个阳性克隆子并进行测序,最终获得30个差异表达片段(ESTs)。结果:与GenBank比对后,获得了匍枝根霉纤维素酶表达过程中涉及的相关重要调控基因信息,包括纤维素酶系中的纤维二糖水解酶以及半纤维素酶系中的甘露糖苷酶等多种关键酶的信息。结论:为进一步研究与匍枝根霉纤维素酶表达相关的基因调控机制奠定了基础。     

抑制性消减杂交技术的应用

基因的差异表达是调控各种生命活动的核心分子机制,而分离、克隆并进一步研究差异表达基因已成为现代分子生物学研究的热点,也是功能基因组学研究的重要内容.在研究差异表达基因的诸多项技术中,抑制性消减杂交(SSH)技术具有特异性强、假阳性率低、灵敏度高和快速简便等优点,被广泛地应用于生命科学和医学领域的基因差异表达的研究中.近年来,抑制性消减杂交(SSH)技术得到了相应的改进和完善,而在许多研究领域,该技术在广度和深度上都有了一些新进展.主要就抑制性消减杂交技术的产生背景、原理、技术流程、特点及其最新应用研究进展等方面作简要综述.     

抑制性消减杂交技术在禽类差异表达相关基因筛选中的应用进展

抑制性消减杂交技术(suppression subtractive hybridization,SSH)是目前被广泛用于寻找差异表达基因方面的一种技术,因其具有假阳性率低、灵敏度高、重复性好、特异性强等特点而被大多数研究者所采用。该技术的优势在于可以在转录水平对不同环境、不同生理条件下的组织或细胞进行基因差异表达方面的研究。随着近年来分子生物学的不断发展,对差异表达基因的筛选及克隆已逐渐成为研究的热点。本文主要对抑制性消减杂交技术在鹅、鸭和鸡这三种常见禽类的生产性能、抗病机理以及品种差异等方面研究中的应用进行综述,从而为采用抑制性消减杂交技术研究生命活动的分子作用机制提供更多的参考。     

糙皮侧耳原基期差异表达基因分析

为解析糙皮侧耳原基期与菌丝期差异表达的基因,本研究以原基期cDNA为检测子（tester）、双核菌丝期cDNA为驱赶子（driver）,采用抑制性消减杂交法（suppression subtractive hybridization,SSH）构建了糙皮侧耳SSH cDNA文库。菌液PCR验证SSH cDNA文库插入cDNA片段后,挑取了2 055个差异转化子,差异转化子经3次反向Northern杂交筛选,得423个信号差异显著的克隆;阳性克隆测序后,经NCBI数据库Blastn和Blastx比对,共得206条差异表达序列（expressed sequence tag,EST）,重复序列去除后,有46个基因参与了细胞急救和防御、能量代谢、转录和蛋白调控、膜蛋白和信号转导,18个基因编码未知功能的推定蛋白,5个无任何同源性的新基因。挑取10个差异表达基因进行半定量RT-PCR,发现这些序列在原基期的表达水平显著高于菌丝期。结果表明,本研究成功构建了糙皮侧耳原基期与菌丝期SSH cDNA文库,为进一步分离糙皮侧耳生长发育相关基因并研究糙皮侧耳的发育机制奠定了基础。     

差异显示技术及其研究进展

差异显示技术是分离差异表达基因的重要方法与手段,同其它研究基因差异表达的方法如RDA,SSH,SAGE相比,差异显示技术是其中使用频率较高的方法。该技术自1992年创立以来,经过各国研究者不断完善与改进,现已大大克服以往诸多不足,扩大了应用领域。本文就差异显示技术的原理及主要优缺点作以简要概述,并着重就引物设计、降低假阳性、鉴定差异表达基因及差异显示技术的衍生技术这4个方面的研究进展作以详尽介绍。     

肝细胞癌高表达基因cDNA文库的构建及生物信息学分析

目的:构建肝细胞癌的高表达基因cDNA文库并进行相应的生物信息学分析。方法:应用抑制性消减杂交(SSH)技术,以7对肝癌组织和癌旁组织为实验材料,构建肝癌高表达基因的cDNA文库;使用BioEdit、BLAST和EGAD等软件进行生物信息学分析。结果:获得1450个白色阳性克隆,经PCR扩增后均有100～1000bb的插入片段,经杂交验证选取125个克隆进行测序;经BLAST、EGAD等生物信息学工具分析获得基因83个,其中细胞分裂相关基因5个,参与细胞信号转导或通讯的基因5个,参与细胞结构或运动的基因7个,细胞或器官防御相关基因11个,参与细胞内基因转录或蛋白表达的基因22个,代谢相关基因18个,另有15个未归类基因。结论:利用SSH技术可构建肝细胞癌组织差异表达基因的消减cDNA文库,为进一步深入探讨肝癌的诊断、治疗和预后评估等提供更多的分子指标。     

一个在肺腺癌细胞系中差异表达cDNA片段的定位及表达分析

为了研究和克隆肺癌转移相关候选基因,探讨肺癌发生及转移的分子基础,应用细胞培养,cDNA克隆,Noorthern印记杂交和生物信息学技术分析了在细胞来源相同,但转移能力不同的肺腺癌细胞系AGZY83－a和Anip973中差异表达片段OPB7－1在人不同组织中和不同人肺癌细胞系中的表达情况,并应用RH定位技术对该片段进行了基因定位。表明OPB7－1与已知基因同源性差,该基因在正常人多种组织中有表达,心肌和骨骼肌中高表达,转录本均为3.0kb左右。在不同人肺癌细胞系中存在该基因的表达差异,高转移潜能,低分化及高浸润的细胞系中呈高表达趋势,且表达的片段大小略有差别。提示OPB7－1是一个具有广泛表达为的基因,可能是与肺癌的发生发展相关的新基因。     

植物铝胁迫响应基因的研究进展

铝毒是酸性土壤中植物生长和作物生产的主要限制因子.近年来的很多研究应用差异显示PCR、抑制差减cDNA文库和DNA微正列等技术,在一些铝耐受型和敏感型植物中鉴定了很多铝胁迫响应基因.本研究通过参阅国内外有关报道和结合本实验室的研究成果,从铝诱导的通道蛋白、代谢相关、胁迫和细胞死亡以及信号转导相关基因4个方面的研究进展进行了综述.     

Differential Gene Expression in Synovium of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) are the major types of arthritis. Although both diseases are characterized by joint destruction, their etiologies are different. To get insights into pathophysiological pathways, we used the suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method to identify differentially expressed genes in RA. DNA sequencing identified 12 gene products including cytoskeletal γ-actin and extracellular matrix components such as fibronectin, collagen IIIα₁, and superficial zone protein. Interferon γ-inducible genes such as a novel thiol reductase, two genes of unknown function (HSIFNIN4, RING3), and annexin II were also found. Two genes encoded proteins involved in proliferation such as elongation factor 1α and the granulin precursor. Furthermore, the protease cathepsin B and synovial phospholipase A2 group IIA were detected by SSH. To confirm the differential expression of the genes, we performed RT-PCR analyses of RA and OA synovial tissues. Compared to OA patients, 9 of the 12 genes were overexpressed in RA, suggesting that SSH is a powerful tool for the detection of differential gene expression in synovial tissues. Further characterization of the gene products may help to identify pathophysiological mechanisms in arthritic diseases.     

差减抑制杂交技术在植物研究中的应用

差减抑制杂交技术在医学研究中应用较多,而在植物研究中的应用较少,近几年有所增加。本文介绍了目前差减抑制杂交技术在植物发育、逆境胁迫或人为诱导条件下差异基因表达以及不同组织中差异基因表达和突变等研究方面的应用。随着研究的不断深入,差减抑制杂交技术将在植物新基因的发现和克隆中发挥更大作用。     

Stolbur phytoplasma genome survey achieved using a suppression subtractive hybridization approach with high specificity

Phytoplasmas are unculturable bacterial plant pathogens transmitted by phloem-feeding hemipteran insects. DNA of phytoplasmas is difficult to purify because of their exclusive phloem location and low abundance in plants. To overcome this constraint, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was modified and used to selectively amplify DNA of the stolbur phytoplasma infecting a periwinkle plant. Plasmid libraries were constructed, and the origins of the DNA inserts were verified by hybridization and PCR screenings. After a single round of SSH, there was still a significant level of contamination with plant DNA (around 50%). However, the modified SSH, which included a second round of subtraction (double SSH), resulted in an increased phytoplasma DNA purity (97%). Results validated double SSH as an efficient way to produce a genome survey for microbial agents unavailable in culture. Assembly of 266 insert sequences revealed 181 phytoplasma genetic loci which were annotated. Comparative analysis of 113 kbp indicated that among 217 protein coding sequences, 83% were homologous to "Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris" (OY-M strain) genes, with hits widely distributed along the chromosome. Most of the stolbur-specific SSH sequences were orphan genes, with the exception of two partial coding sequences encoding proteins homologous to a mycoplasma surface protein and riboflavin kinase.     

Stolbur Phytoplasma Genome Survey Achieved Using a Suppression Subtractive Hybridization Approach with High Specificity

Phytoplasmas are unculturable bacterial plant pathogens transmitted by phloem-feeding hemipteran insects. DNA of phytoplasmas is difficult to purify because of their exclusive phloem location and low abundance in plants. To overcome this constraint, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was modified and used to selectively amplify DNA of the stolbur phytoplasma infecting a periwinkle plant. Plasmid libraries were constructed, and the origins of the DNA inserts were verified by hybridization and PCR screenings. After a single round of SSH, there was still a significant level of contamination with plant DNA (around 50%). However, the modified SSH, which included a second round of subtraction (double SSH), resulted in an increased phytoplasma DNA purity (97%). Results validated double SSH as an efficient way to produce a genome survey for microbial agents unavailable in culture. Assembly of 266 insert sequences revealed 181 phytoplasma genetic loci which were annotated. Comparative analysis of 113 kbp indicated that among 217 protein coding sequences, 83% were homologous to “Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris” (OY-M strain) genes, with hits widely distributed along the chromosome. Most of the stolbur-specific SSH sequences were orphan genes, with the exception of two partial coding sequences encoding proteins homologous to a mycoplasma surface protein and riboflavin kinase.     

Identification and characterization of differential gene expression in the mesocarp and kernel of oil palm nuts using suppression subtractive hybridization

Suppression subtracted hybridization (SSH) and dot blotting were used to identify differential gene expression in the mesocarp and kernel of oil palm nuts. The different types of nut tissue show differences in fatty acid anabolism and the synthesis of other important compounds. In total, 302 clones from forward SSH libraries and 238 clones from reverse SSH libraries were identified following differential screening, respectively. Among these, 120 clones from the forward SSH library and 81 clones from the reverse SSH library, showed tenfold or more differential expression levels, and were sequenced. Sequence analysis revealed that 76 clones (28 from the forward SSH library and 48 from the reverse SSH library) represent non-redundant cDNA inserts. The differential expression of 39 subset genes in the two different tissues was further confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. Functionally annotated blasting against the GenBank non-redundant protein database classified all 76 candidate genes into six categories, according to their putative functions. Interestingly, our results show that a group of significantly differentially expressed genes are involved in processes associated with oil palm nut maturation, such as the synthesis of medium-chain saturated fatty acids and phytic acid, nut development, and stress/defense responses. This study describes some relationships between gene expression and metabolic pathways in mature oil palm nuts, and contributes to our understanding of oil palm nut ESTs.     

Genome comparison of Bifidobacterium longum strains NCC2705 and CRC-002 using suppression subtractive hybridization

Because probiotic effects are strain dependent, genomic explanations of these differences will contribute to understanding their mechanisms of action. The genomic sequence of the Bifidobacterium longum probiotic strain NCC2705 was determined, but little is known about the genetic diversity between strains of this species. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) is a powerful method for generating a set of DNA fragments differing between two closely related bacterial strains. The purpose of this study was to identify genetic differences between genomes of B. longum strains NCC2705 and CRC-002 using PCR-based SSH. Strain CRC-002 produces exopolysaccharides whereas NCC2705 is not known for reliable exopolysaccharide production. Thirty-five and 30 different sequences were obtained from the SSH libraries of strains CRC-002 and NCC2705, respectively. Specific CRC-002 genes found were predicted to be involved in the biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides and metabolism of other carbohydrates, and these genes were not present in the genome of strain NCC2705. The identification of an endo-1,4-beta-xylanase gene in the CRC-002 SSH library is an important difference because xylanase genes have previously been proposed as a defining characteristic of the NCC2705 strain. The results demonstrate that the SSH technique was useful to highlight potential genes involved in complex sugar metabolism that differ between the two probiotic strains.