扬子鳄颈髓一氧化氮合酶(NOS)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)阳性神经元的分布

本实验分别应用还原型尼克酰胺嘌呤二核苷酸脱氢酶（ＮＡＤＰＨ－ｄ）和乙酰胆碱酯酶（ＡＣｈＥ）方法,对扬子鳄颈髓ＮＯＳ和ＡＣｈＥ阳性神经元的分布进行了研究。结果表明：颈髓前角、中央灰质均含有ＮＯＳ和ＡＣｈＥ阳性神经元,颈髓后角有较为丰富的ＮＯＳ和ＡＣｈＥ阳性纤维和终末以及显色淡的ＮＯＳ阳性神经元。     

舟山岛与金华北山社鼠肥满度的比较与分析

舟山岛与金华北山社鼠肥满度的比较与分析ＴＨＥＣＯＭＰＡＲＩＳＯＮＡＮＤＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＯＦＲＥＬＡＴＩＶＥＦＡＴＮＥＳＳＯＦＲＡＴＴＵＳＮＩＶＩＶＥＮＴＥＲＢＥＴＷＥＥＮＺＨＯＵＳＨＡＮＩＳＬＡＮＤＡＮＤＪＩＮＨＵＡＮＯＲＴＨＭＯＵＮＴＡＩＮＫｅｙｗ...     

江豚和白鳍豚雄性生殖系统的解剖学研究

江豚和白鳍豚雄性生殖系统的解剖学研究ＯＮＴＨＥＡＮＡＴＯＭＹＯＦＴＨＥＭＡＬＥＧＥＮＩＴＡＬＳＹＳＴＥＭＩＮＴＨＥＢＡＩＪＩ（ＬＩＰＯＴＥＳＶＥＸＩＬＬＩＦＥＲ）ＡＮＤＦＩＮＬＥＳＳＰＯＲＰＯＩＳＥ（ＮＥＯＰＨＯＣＡＥＮＡＰＨＯＣＡＥＮＯＩＤＥＳ）...     

库蚊羧酸酯酶研究进展

在昆虫对有机磷杀虫剂抗性的研究中 ,羧酸酯酶 (ｃａｒｂｏｘｙｌｅｓｔｅｒａｓｅｓ)的过量产生是库蚊对有机磷杀虫剂 (ＯＰ)产生抗性的主要机制。羧酸酯酶能够与进入昆虫体内的有机磷杀虫剂快速结合 ,将杀虫剂在到达靶标作用位点前阻隔或降解 ,使其无法发挥原有的杀伤效用。1 .羧酸酯酶的命名库蚊中羧酸酯酶的命名一般根据其水解α 和 β 乙酸萘酯的先后顺序和电泳迁移率不同而定 ;在淀粉电泳中 ,当等量α 乙酸萘酯(α ＮＡ)和 β 乙酸萘酯 (β ＮＡ)同时存在时 ,优先水解α ＮＡ呈蓝色的为酯酶Ａ ,优先水解 β ＮＡ呈红色的为酯酶Ｂ[1] …     

神经生长因子对神经损伤后运动终板再生影响的研究——酶组织化学和超微结构观察

本研究采用定位、定量方式钳夹兔右侧坐骨神经,ＮＧＦ组动物于神经损伤处局部喷布蛇毒神经生长因子（ｎｅｒｖｅｇｒｏｗｔｈｆａｃｔｏｒ,ＮＧＦ）,对照组动物于同部位给予等量生理盐水。对胫骨前肌中的红肌、白肌和中间型肌纤维运动终板乙酰胆碱酯酶（ＡＣｈＥ）活性和超微结构改变进行观察。结果表明,神经损伤早期,ＡＣｈＥ活性持续下降,超微结构显示逐渐变性。第４周末,ＮＧＦ组运动终板ＡＣｈＥ活性和超微结构恢复正常。第８周末,对照组运动终板酶活性和超微结构才基本恢复正常。本研究结果提示,周围神经损伤后,外源性ＮＧＦ能促进运动神经元轴突再生,最终促进运动终板结构和功能恢复     

生物技术文献与专利统计(1999年度)

类别文献(篇数)专利(件数)ＡＧＥＮＥＴＩＣＥＮＧＩＮＥＥＲＩＮＧＡＮＤＦＥＲＭＥＮＴＡＴＩＯＮＡ1ＮｕｃｌｅｉｃＡｃｉｄＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ20574151Ａ2Ｆｅｒｍｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎ1326498ＢＥＮＧＩＮＥＥＲＩＮＧＢ1ＢｉｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ432131ＣＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＣ1ＳｅｎｓｏｒｓａｎｄＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓ11293ＤＰＨＡＲＭＡＣＥＵＴＩＣＡＬＳＤ1....     

P~（53） PROTEIN OVEREXPRESSION IN PREMALIGNANT AND MALIGNANT LESIONS OF ORAL MUCOSA：IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL OBSERVATION

Ｐ~（５３）　ＰＲＯＴＥＩＮ　ＯＶＥＲＥＸＰＲＥＳＳＩＯＮ　ＩＮ　ＰＲＥＭＡＬＩＧＮＡＮＴ　ＡＮＤ　ＭＡＬＩＧＮＡＮＴ　ＬＥＳＩＯＮＳ　ＯＦ　ＯＲＡＬ　ＭＵＣＯＳＡ：ＩＭＭＵＮＯＨＩＳＴＯＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬ　ＯＢＳＥＲＶＡＴＩＯＮＰ~（５３）ＰＲＯＴＥＩ...     

吉林梅花鹿体尺,体重聚类与主成分分析

吉林梅花鹿体尺、体重聚类与主成分分析ＤＬＵＳＴＥＲＡＮＤＰＲＩＮＣＩＰＡＬＣＯＭＰＯＮＥＮＴＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＯＦＴＨＥＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＴＩＣＳＡＮＤＷＥＩＧＨＴＯＦＪＩＬＩＮＳＩＫＡＤＥＥＲ￥ＬＩＨｅｐｉｐｇ;ＢＩＮＧＧｕｏｌｉａｎｇ;ＰＡＮＧ...     

COMPARISON OF HEPATIC ULTRASONOGRAHIC CHANGES WITH ENZYMATIC HISTOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN OBSTRUCTION OF BILE DUCT

ＣＯＭＰＡＲＩＳＯＮＯＦＨＥＰＡＴＩＣＵＬＴＲＡＳＯＮＯＧＲＡＨＩＣＣＨＡＮＧＥＳＷＩＴＨＥＮＺＹＭＡＴＩＣＨＩＳＴＯＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬＣＨＡＮＧＥＳＩＮＯＢＳＴＲＵＣＴＩＯＮＯＦＢＩＬＥＤＵＣＴＣＯＭＰＡＲＩＳＯＮＯＦＨＥＰＡＴＩＣＵＬＴＲＡＳＯＮＯ...     

mRNA很可能携带三维遗传信息(英文)

ｍＲＮＡ很可能携带三维遗传信息ＭＥＳＳＥＮＧＥＲＲＮＡＰＲＯＢＡＢＬＹＣＡＲＲＩＥＳＴＨＥＴＨＲＥＥ－ＤＩＭＥＮＳＩＯＮＡＬＧＥＮＥＴＩＣＩＮＦＯＲＭＡＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｆｏｒｍｉｎｇｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｏｆｔｈｅｔｈｒｅｅ－ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌｓｔｒｕ...     

心脑血管疾病大额住院消费统计分析

通过对医院2004-2006年心脑血管疾病大额住院消费(消费大于50000元,以下简称大额消费)病例发病率高的前五种疾病的构成情况、药费、材料费消耗情况进行分析,认为加强大额病例中发病率高的病种的重点管理,是降低医疗费用的有效途径。建议制定常见病大额病种预定额付费方案和审查报销制度;采用适宜技术;控制药费,防止过度医疗,有效地遏制医疗费用的过快增长。     

Evidence that the C-terminus of OprM is involved in the assembly of the VceAB-OprM efflux pump

Although the architecture of tripartite multiple drug resistance (MDR) efflux pumps of Gram-negative bacteria has been well characterized, the means by which the components recognize each other and assemble into a functional pump remains obscure. In this study we present evidence that the C-terminal domain of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa OprM and the α-helical hairpin domain of Vibrio cholerae VceA play an important role in the recognition/specificity/recruitment step in the assembly of a functional, VceAB-OprM chimeric efflux pump. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence directly linking the C-terminal domain of an outer membrane efflux protein to its recruitment during the assembly of a tripartite efflux pump.     

两个猪苓菌株生长速度及酯酶同工酶比较研究

对不同地理分布的猪苓纯培养菌株进行了种性和酯酶同工酶的比较研究,结果表明,鸡爪苓（Z）纯培养菌株和猪屎苓（ZJ）纯培养菌株的种性有很大不同,两个纯培养菌株的酯酶同工酶酶带类型差异较大,亲缘关系较远。     

Studies on the energy coupling sites of photophosphorylation IV. The relation of proton fluxes to the electron transport and ATP formation associated with Photosystem II

1. By using dibromothymoquinone as the electron acceptor, it is possible to isolate functionally that segment of the chloroplast electron transport chain which includes only Photosystem II and only one of the two energy conservation sites coupled to the complete chain (Coupling Site II, observed P/e₂ = 0.3–0.4). A light-dependent, reversible proton translocation reaction is associated with the electron transport pathway: H₂O → Photosystem II → dibromothymoquinone. We have studied the characteristics of this proton uptake reaction and its relationship to the electron transport and ATP formation associated with Coupling Site II.

2. The initial phase of H⁺ uptake, analyzed by a flash-yield technique, exhibits linear kinetics (0–3 s) with no sign of transient phenomena such as the very rapid initial uptake (“pH gush”) encountered in the overall Hill reaction with methylviologen. Thus the initial rate of H⁺ uptake obtained by the flash-yield method is in good agreement with the initial rate estimated from a pH change tracing obtained under continuous illumination.

3. Dibromothymoquinone reduction, observed as O₂ evolution by a similar flash-yield technique, is also linear for at least the first 5 s, the rate of O₂ evolution agreeing well with the steady-state rate observed under continuous illumination.

4. Such measurements of the initial rates of O₂ evolution and H⁺ uptake yield an H⁺/e⁻ ratio close to 0.5 for the Photosystem II partial reaction regardless of pH from 6 to 8. (Parallel experiments for the methylviologen Hill reaction yield an H⁺/e⁻ ratio of 1.7 at pH 7.6.)

5. When dibromothymoquinone is being reduced, concurrent phosphorylation (or arsenylation) markedly lowers the extent of H⁺ uptake (by 40–60%). These data, unlike earlier data obtained using the overall Hill reaction, lend themselves to an unequivocal interpretation since phosphorylation does not alter the rate of electron transport in the Photosystem II partial reaction. ADP, P_i and hexokinase, when added individually, have no effect on proton uptake in this system.

6. The involvement of a proton uptake reaction with an H⁺/e⁻ ratio of 0.5 in the Photosystem II partial reaction H₂O → Photosystem II → dibromothymoquinone strongly suggests that at least 50% of the protons produced by the oxidation of water are released to the inside of the thylakoid, thereby leading to an internal acidification. It is pointed out that the observed efficiencies for ATP formation (P/e₂) and proton uptake (H⁺/e⁻) associated with Coupling Site II can be most easily explained by the chemiosmotic hypothesis of energy coupling.     

Synthesis of modified fragments of fibrinogen and their effect on the activity of proteolytic enzymes

New analogues of the Gly-Pro-Arg and Arg-Gly-Asp fragments of fibrinogen were synthesized: Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro (I), Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-Met-OMe (II), Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-Phe (III), Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-Asp (IV), Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-Glu (V), and Arg-Asn-Trp-Asp (VI). Their effect on the activity of proteases of various types was studied with the method of lysis of fibrin plates. All the peptides were found to inhibit plasmin activity (by 60–85%) and the γ-subunit of nerve growth factor (by 55–93%). Tetrapeptide (VI) proved to be an effective inhibitor of tissue activator of plasminogen and the γ-subunit of nerve growth factor (by 96 and 93%, respectively). The peptides exerted practically no effect on the activity of urokinase and moderately inhibited the activity of streptokinase [(III), IV), and (VI)], papain [(I), (II), IV), and (VI)], subtilisin [(V) and (VI)], α-chymotrypsin [(III), (V), and VI)], and Bacillus subtilis metalloprotease (VI). They inhibit trypsin [except for (I) and (III)] when applied on fibrin plates at a concentration of 1 × 10^?2 M, while, at the concentration of 1 × 10^?3 M, (I) and (II) induced an increase in proteolytic activity by 35 and 47%, respectively.     

林带阻力系数与透风系数关系的理论分析

根据冲量定理分析了林带对气流的阻力,首次得到了林带阻力系数的估算模式（Ｃｄ＝（１．８＋０．２α）（１－α）ｓｉｎ２ω,并利用有关文献发表的资料进行了验证．文章还对来流平行林带时林带对气流的阻力进行了讨论,指出来流平行林带时林带对气流的阻力仅为来流垂直林带时林带对气流阻力的０．７—１．１％,可以不予考虑．     

Photoinactivation of Photosystem II in leaves

Photoinactivation of Photosystem II (PS II), the light-induced loss of ability to evolve oxygen, inevitably occurs under any light environment in nature, counteracted by repair. Under certain conditions, the extent of photoinactivation of PS II depends on the photon exposure (light dosage, x), rather than the irradiance or duration of illumination per se, thus obeying the law of reciprocity of irradiance and duration of illumination, namely, that equal photon exposure produces an equal effect. If the probability of photoinactivation (p) of PS II is directly proportional to an increment in photon exposure (p = kΔx, where k is the probability per unit photon exposure), it can be deduced that the number of active PS II complexes decreases exponentially as a function of photon exposure: N = N_oexp(−kx). Further, since a photon exposure is usually achieved by varying the illumination time (t) at constant irradiance (I), N = N_oexp(−kI t), i.e., N decreases exponentially with time, with a rate coefficient of photoinactivation kI, where the product kI is obviously directly proportional to I. Given that N = N_oexp(−kx), the quantum yield of photoinactivation of PS II can be defined as −dN/dx = kN, which varies with the number of active PS II complexes remaining. Typically, the quantum yield of photoinactivation of PS II is ca. 0.1μmol PS II per mol photons at low photon exposure when repair is inhibited. That is, when about 10⁷ photons have been received by leaf tissue, one PS II complex is inactivated. Some species such as grapevine have a much lower quantum yield of photoinactivation of PS II, even at a chilling temperature. Examination of the longer-term time course of photoinactivation of PS II in capsicum leaves reveals that the decrease in N deviates from a single-exponential decay when the majority of the PS II complexes are inactivated in the absence of repair. This can be attributed to the formation of strong quenchers in severely-photoinactivated PS II complexes, able to dissipate excitation energy efficiently and to protect the remaining active neighbours against damage by light.     

2种嵩草属植物形态特征对生境干旱化的响应

该研究于西藏自治区东南部的东达山高山草甸沿生境干旱化梯度设置10个样地,采用线性回归方法分析优势种高山嵩草(Kobresia pygmaea)和矮生嵩草(K.humilis)叶片数量与其它构件数值(分株数量、茎基直径、根系数量和根系长度)之间的关系,并采用线性回归斜率测度分株功效、叶片萌生能力、根系分生功效和根系伸长功效,以探讨嵩草的分株能力、茎基生长和根系生长对生境干旱化过程的响应机制。结果显示:(1)2种嵩草植物的叶片数量与4种构件数值均为显著线性正相关关系。(2)随着生境干旱化程度增加,高山嵩草分株数量增加,矮生嵩草分株受干旱抑制程度高,分株数量呈下降趋势;2种嵩草分株功效下降,即单株叶片数量因干旱化程度增加而减少。(3)2种嵩草的茎基直径、叶片萌生能力随着生境干旱化程度增加而下降;高山嵩草叶片萌生能力的变化与生境干旱化梯度一致,具有连续性;矮生嵩草叶片萌生能力对生境干旱化的适应性弱,干旱到一定程度发生骤降。(4)随着生境干旱化,高山嵩草的根系数量和长度均增加,矮生嵩草根系长度增加,但数量却无规律变化;2种嵩草的根系分生功效和根系伸长功效均下降。研究表明:嵩草属植物分布的最适宜生境为表面稍有积水的沼生生境。为适应生境干旱化,高山嵩草降低叶片萌生率以减少蒸腾作用,增加分株数量以增强对空间的占有能力,并增加根系数量和长度来提高对土壤水分的吸收能力,因此对干旱有较强适应性且分布范围广;矮生嵩草只通过降低叶片萌生率,增加根系长度响应干旱化生境,其分布范围较窄。     

民勤绿洲边缘地下水位变化对植物种群生态位的影响

在民勤绿洲边缘,利用空间区域不同地下水位(湖区8～12m,泉山区15～17m,坝区20～23m)和时间序列(1984～1992年)民勤沙井子地区地下水位下降(7.45～11.65m)梯度,研究地下水位下降对荒漠植物种群生态位的影响。结果表明:空间区域地下水位下降,植物种群生态位宽度均减小,种群退化;时间序列地下水位下降,白刺种群在扩展,其它植物种群在退化。白刺种群生态位宽度在民勤绿洲边缘荒漠植物群落中最大,是该区的建群种。由于白刺种群在地下水位7.45～11.65m范围内扩展,民勤绿洲生态环境治理中地下水位达到该范围是一个主要目标。     

The detection of salivary enzymes of phytophagous Hemiptera: a compilation of methods

The role of Hemipteran saliva and salivary enzymes is central to an understanding of the etiology of damage that these insects cause to plants. The dilute nature of the salivary secretions and the minute quantities in which they are often obtainable have made analysis and detection of salivary components very difficult. Such investigations in this laboratory have led us to formalise the techniques involved and we believe that the compilation of these methods presented herein may be useful to other research workers in this area. Methods are described for acid and alkaline phosphatase, esterase, /S-glucosidase, carbohydrases, invertase, amylase, proteinase, pectinase, cellulase, catalase, peroxidase, catechol oxidase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbic oxidase.