基因枪轰击成熟花粉粒转化玉米的研究

利用基因枪轰击花粉粒再授粉的基因转化途径,将豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因（CpTI）成功导入玉米受体中。经卡那霉素筛选结果表明,非转化植株经1000ppm卡那霉素溶液处理后白化、死亡,余下大量健壮、可育的抗性植株,转化率约1．59％。通过对抗性植株进行PCR和PCR—Southern检测,初步确定CpTI基因已导入玉米基因组。饲虫实验结果表明转化植株具有较强的抗虫性。     

青菜的高效再生和农杆菌介导B.t.及CpTI基因的转化

分别对培养基中适宜的激素组成和AgNO3 添加浓度进行研究 ,建立了青菜下胚轴和子叶外植体的高效再生系统 ,青菜品种“矮抗青”的最高芽分化频率下胚轴可达 6 5 % ,子叶为 5 2 %左右。在此基础上 ,对影响转化频率的不同因素进行了探讨 ,共获 94株卡那霉素抗性植株。对转基因植株总DNA的Southernblot ting分析证明 ,B .t .基因和CpTI基因已整合到青菜植株的细胞核基因组中。经过抗虫性筛选试验 ,从转基因植株的T3 代筛选到 7个转B .t.基因的抗虫纯合株系和 5个转CpTI基因的抗虫纯合株系 ,并进入田间小区青菜抗虫新品种试验     

农杆菌介导抗储粮害虫转基因小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)的获得及分析

以本实验室选育的小麦优良品系的胚性愈伤组织为材料,采用农杆菌介导将抗虫基因豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因CpTI转入小麦培养细胞,经筛选获得抗卡那霉素的愈伤组织并再生植株。经PCR和实时PCR检测、PCR-Southern和Southernblot验证,确定了3株独立再生植株为含有CpTI的转基因植株。农杆菌菌浓度、侵染时间及转化处理方式对小麦转化率均有明显影响。3株转基因植株正常可育并结籽,形成转基因株系。外源基因在转基因植株T1代中的分离呈多样性,部分株系(转基因株系T-Ⅰ、T-Ⅲ)表现出孟德尔遗传规律。抗虫试验表明,3株转基因植株T2代籽粒对储粮害虫麦蛾具有一定的抗性,转基因株系T-Ⅰ、T-Ⅱ、T-Ⅲ及非转基因植株的T2代籽粒虫蛀率分别为19·8%、21·9%、32·9%和58·3%。转基因植株T1代群体农艺性状调查显示,3个株系具有良好的农艺性状,为小麦的遗传改良提供了新的种质抗虫材料。     

水稻几丁质酶基因导入芥菜型油菜的研究

以芥菜型油菜 (BrassicajunceaL .)下胚轴为转化材料 ,通过根癌农杆菌 (Agrobacteriumtumefaciens)介导将水稻的几丁质酶基因 (Ricechitinasegene)导入“泸洲四陵”油菜品种中 ,获得抗潮霉素的再生转基因植株 ,并讨论了影响油菜再生及转化效率的几个因素。对部分经潮霉素筛选得到的再生植株进行了多次重复PCR检测 ,发现其中 40 %以上的潮霉素抗性植株均表现出较强的阳性反应 ,初步证明几丁质酶基因已整合到油菜细胞核基因组中。     

转豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因抗虫甘蓝植株的获得

利用根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导,将豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂(CpTI)基因导入甘蓝(Brassica oleracea var.capitata L.)栽培品种“京丰”和“迎春”,并分别获得了转基因再生植株。对NPTⅡ的ELISA检测表明,标记基因NPTⅡ已在再生植株中得到有效表达。对转化植株进行Southern blot分子杂交实验进一步证明CpTI基因已整合到甘蓝的基因组。实验室内的叶片离体饲虫及盆栽饲虫试验表明,转基因甘蓝对菜青虫具有一定抗性。实验中还观察到,采用愈伤组织分化途径可以获得较高的转化频率,但嵌合体较多;而直接分芽的途径转化率低,但嵌合体较少。     

抗菌肽B基因导入水稻及转基因植株的鉴定

构建了一个适合在水稻中表达的含有抗菌肽B基因的转化载体(pCB1),应用基因枪转化法将其导入水稻未成熟胚,获得了一些转基因水和植株.Basta抗性鉴定,抗菌肽B基因PCR扩增分析,点渍印迹和Southern印迹分析结果表明,选择标记基因(bar)和抗菌肽B基因都已整合入转化水稻基因组中,Northern印迹分析证实了抗菌肽B基因在RNA水平上的表达.转基因水稻植株增强了对水稻白叶枯病和细条病的抗性.     

豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂(CpTI)基因转化欧美杨的研究

本研究建立了欧美107杨的高频再生体系,用改良的根癌农杆菌介导法将豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂(CpTI)基因导入107杨中。经过严格的卡那霉素(Km)筛选,得到了Km抗性(Kmr)植株。对部分Kmr植株进行PCR及PCR-Southern杂交鉴定,证实CpTI基因已整合进杨树基因组中。转基因植株的饲虫实验表明,其中部分株系的叶片可在一定程度上抑制扁刺蛾幼虫的生长。     

cry3A和vhb基因在转基因马铃薯中的表达

分别构建了含cry3A和cry3A+vhb基因的植物表达载体pBCry3A和pBC3Vhb,并通过根癌农杆菌介导转化了马铃薯.对转化再生植株进行PCR和DNA印迹分析表明,外源基因已整合到马铃薯基因组中,且连续三代无性繁殖后转基因仍存在.ELISA分析表明cry3A基因在转基因植株中得到了高效表达,在单转cry3A植株中最高表达量达0.1%,转cry3A与vhb双基因株系中为0.065%.水涝试验显示,转双基因且vhb mRNA的RT-PCR呈阳性的马铃薯植株,对低氧胁迫有较好的耐受性,表明获得的上述转双基因马铃薯株系可能会具有很好的抗虫和耐涝性能.     

通过细胞内的靶向定位大幅度提高外源蛋白在转基因植株的积累水平

通过体外操作,对豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂(cpti)基因进行修饰,获得了一个融合蛋白基因(sck).该基因是在cpti基因的基础上,在其5'端添加了信号肽编码序列,在3'端添加了内质网滞留信号编码序列,旨在引导基因转译产物进入细胞内质网,并最终滞留在内质网及其衍生的蛋白体内.用sck基因转化烟草(Nicotiana tabacum L.),对获得的转基因植株进行ELISA检测.结果表明,含有修饰基因的转基因烟草CpTI蛋白含量有明显提高,比转未修饰cpti基因烟草平均高出2倍,最高单株可达4倍以上,同时转基因植株的抗虫性也有了显著的提高.结果表明,采用外源蛋白靶向定位的策略,可大幅度提高外源蛋白在转基因植物细胞内的积累量,在植物基因工程研究中具有广泛的借鉴意义.     

蓖麻毒蛋白A链基因RNAi转化研究

通过基因沉默技术调控蓖麻毒蛋白A链基因的表达,以期获得低毒蓖麻新材料.利用基因克隆技术获得蓖麻毒蛋白A链基因762 bp片段,命名为RTA基因.进一步利用该基因构建了植物RNAi表达载体pBI-RTA-S-AS,通过农杆菌介导法转化蓖麻子叶节,用卡那抗性筛选转化再生植株,PCR进一步鉴定转基因植株.结果表明:克隆得到目的基因长762 bp,与预期结果一致;卡那抗性筛选和PCR鉴定结果显示,获得了3株转基因阳性植株.     

Nonspecific binding of monoclonal anti-FLAG M2 antibody in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)

Chimeric constructs with the hydrophilic octapeptide FLAG epitope (DYKDDDDK) have been widely used as multipurpose tags for identification, detection, and purification of FLAG fusion proteins. Constructs consisting of C-terminal FLAG-tagged genomic and cDNA clones of anArabidopsis phytochelatin synthase gene,AtPCS1, were used in developing transgenic lines of Indian mustard. Presence and expression ofAtPCS1 in transgenic lines were confirmed by using PCR and Northern blot analyses. However, immunoblot analysis revealed strong nonspecific binding of a monoclonal anti-FLAG M2 antibody to an endogenous protein in both shoot and leaf tissues of wild-type Indian mustard (85-kDa) that masked presence of the phytochelatin synthase (PCS) protein of interest (55-kDa). Further analysis revealed absence of a nonspecific protein in root tissues of transgenic plants, thus allowing detection of the FLAG-tagged PCS protein.     

根癌农杆菌介导天花粉蛋白基因TCS转化茎瘤芥的研究

以茎瘤芥(Brassica junceavar.tumidaTsen et Lee)的子叶为外植体,通过根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)的介导,将天花粉蛋白(Trichosanthin,TCS)基因导入到茎瘤芥中。对所获得的31株抗性植株进行PCR扩增,其中阳性植株为23株;Northern blot分析结果表明基因TCS在转基因植株中能够正常表达。转基因植株接种病毒试验结果表明,转基因TCS的植株对芜菁花叶病毒TuMV的侵染有一定的抑制作用。     

利用重测序技术获取转基因植物T-DNA插入位点

T-DNA插入位点的获得对于植物功能基因组学研究及转基因植物的筛选鉴定非常重要,但是目前常用的方法如反向PCR、半随机引物PCR等,除了操作复杂、消耗时间长外,特异性较差,效率也很低。本研究利用全基因组重测序技术,将3份转基因材料基因组DNA打包后进行重测序,利用转基因载体序列作为参考序列进行比对分析,得到4个T-DNA插入位点。对3份转基因材料进行PCR和Southern blot验证分析,成功获得了3份转基因材料全部T-DNA插入位点,其中1份材料为2拷贝插入。本文利用重测序技术建立了一种简单、可靠、高效的获取转基因植物T-DNA插入位点的方法,以期为植物功能基因组学及转基因研究奠定基础。     

Combined expression of a barley class II chitinase and type I ribosome inactivating protein in transgenic <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica juncea</Emphasis> provides protection against <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alternaria brassicae</Emphasis>

Alternaria leaf spot caused by Alternaria brassicae, or A. brassicola, is one of the major fungal diseases of Brassica juncea (Indian mustard). To develop resistance against this fungal disease, the barley antifungal genes class II chitinase (AAA56786) and type I ribosome inactivating protein (RIP; AAA32951) were coexpressed in Indian mustard via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The stable integration and expression of transgenes in T₀ plants were confirmed by Southern blot and Western analysis. The transgenic lines showing inheritance in Mendalian fashion (3:1) were further evaluated by in vitro studies and under greenhouse conditions for resistance to the A. brassicae fungal pathogen. The transgenic plants showed up to 44% reduction in A. brassicae hyphal growth in in vitro antifungal assays. In green house screening, the transgenic plants sprayed with A. brassicae spores showed resistance through delayed onset of the disease and restricted number, size, and expansion of lesions as compared to wild type plants. These results indicate that the expression of chitinase and RIP from a heterologous source in B. juncea provide subsequent protection against Alternaria leaf spot disease and can be helpful in increasing the production of Indian mustard.     

Insect Resistance of Transformed Tobacco Plants with Gene of the Spider Insecticidal Peptide

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)leaves were transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 containing the insecticidal peptide gene. Thirty regenerated kanamycin resistant plants were obtained, among which three showed stronger toxicity to Heliothis armigera by feeding experiments. In comparison with feeding of the control plants, mortality of the insects fed on transgenic plants was significantly higher and the growth of the survived insects was remarkably retarded. Results of PCR Southern blot and Northern blot showed that insecticidal peptide gene has been transferred into the genome of these three plants and expressed efficiently to confer the insect resistance of the transgenic plants.     

植物抗毒素转化水稻和转基因植株的生物鉴定

用基因枪法转化了水稻（ＯｒｙｚａｓａｔｉｖａＬ．）６个材料的未成熟胚、成熟胚及胚性愈伤组织。质粒ｐＳＳＶｓｔ１和ｐＶＥ５＋是由葡萄中分离出的编码芪类合成酶的植物抗毒素基因与３５Ｓ或它自己的启动子组成。Ｇ４１８（１００～１５０ｍｇ／Ｌ）或潮霉素（５０ｍｇ／Ｌ）筛选后,经ＰＣＲ、Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ或Ｄｏｔｂｌｏｔ分析证明的转基因植株共５４株。对转基因植株及其后代进行了稻瘟病和白叶枯病的抗性鉴定。初步结果表明,芪类合成酶基因可以提高转基因植株及后代的抗性。     

Transgenic Indian mustard (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica juncea</Emphasis>) plants expressing an <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arabidopsis</Emphasis> phytochelatin synthase (<Emphasis Type="Italic">AtPCS1</Emphasis>) exhibit enhanced As and Cd tolerance

Phytochelatins (PCs) are post-translationally synthesized thiol reactive peptides that play important roles in detoxification of heavy metal and metalloids in plants and other living organisms. The overall goal of this study is to develop transgenic plants with increased tolerance for and accumulation of heavy metals and metalloids from soil by expressing an Arabidopsis thaliana AtPCS1 gene, encoding phytochelatin synthase (PCS), in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.). A FLAG-tagged AtPCS1 gDNA, under its native promoter, is expressed in Indian mustard, and transgenic pcs lines have been compared with wild-type plants for tolerance to and accumulation of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As). Compared to wild type plants, transgenic plants exhibit significantly higher tolerance to Cd and As. Shoots of Cd-treated pcs plants have significantly higher concentrations of PCs and thiols than those of wild-type plants. Shoots of wild-type plants accumulated significantly more Cd than those of transgenic plants, while accumulation of As in transgenic plants was similar to that in wild type plants. Although phytochelatin synthase improves the ability of Indian mustard to tolerate higher levels of the heavy metal Cd and the metalloid As, it does not increase the accumulation potential of these metals in the above ground tissues of Indian mustard plants.     

Rice Transformation with a Phytoalexin Gene and Bioassay of the Transgenic Plants

Immature embryos, mature embryos and embryogenie ealli of 6 rice ( Oryza sativa L. ) materials were transformed with particle bombardment. The plasmids pSSVsfl and pVE5 + were used, both containing the phytoalexin gene from grapevine coding for stilbene synthase, but driven by 35S and its own promoter respectively. Through resistance selection for G418 ( 100 to 150 mg/L) or hygromycin (50 mg/L), 54 independent transgenic plants were isolated and further assessed by PCR, Southern blot and Dot blot analyses. The transgenic plants and their progenies were tested for resistance to blast ( Pyricularia oryzae) and bacterial blight of rice ( Xanthomonas oryzae). Preliminary results indicated that the stilbene synthase gene could enhance the resistance of transgenic plants and their progenies to both pathogens.