安氏Ⅰ类错合拔牙与非拔牙矫治对口唇形态影响的研究

目的：研究安氏Ⅰ类错合拔牙与非拔牙矫治对口唇形态的影响。方法：从直丝弓矫治的AngleⅠ类错合患者治疗前后的X线侧位片中随机选取拔除4个第一前磨牙患者15例（A组）,非拔牙矫治患者15例（B组）,经X线头影软组织测量分析比较矫治前后拔牙组与非拔牙组口唇形态的变化,对所得数据进行统计学处理。结果：拔牙矫治后上下唇的突度有明显改善,平均减少1.42和2.03mm;上下唇的长度也平均增加0.51和1.58mm;非拔牙矫治患者治疗后鼻唇角、下唇突度、上下唇长度均有增加,但矫治前后无统计学差异。结论：拔牙矫治有利于减小上下唇突度从而改善软组织侧貌。     

Study of HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Patients Receiving Free Antiretroviral Therapy in China

To investigate the prevalence of drug-resistance mutations,resistance to antiretroviral drugs,and the subsequent virological response to therapy in treatment-naive and antiretroviral-treated patients infected with HIV/AIDS in Henan,China,a total of 431 plasma samples were collected in Queshan county between 2003 and 2004,from patients undergoing the antiretroviral regimen Zidovudine Didanosine Nevirapine(Azt Ddi Nvp).Personal information was collected by face to face interview.Viral load and genotypic drug resistance were tested.Drug resistance mutation data were obtained by analyzing patient-derived sequences through the HIVdb Program(http://hivdb.stanford.edu).Overall,38.5% of treatment-naive patients had undetectable plasma viral load(VL),the rate significantly increased to 61.9% in 0 to 6 months treatment patients(mean 3 months)(P<0.005)but again significantly decrease to 38.6% in 6 to 12 months treatment patients(mean 9 months)(P<0.001)and 40.0% in patients receiving more than 12 months treatment(mean 16 months)(P<0.005).The prevalence of drug resistance in patients who had a detectable VL and available sequences were 7.0%,48.6%,70.8%,72.3% in treatment-na?ve,0 to 6 months treatment,6 to 12 months treatment,and treatment for greater than 12 months patients,respectively.No mutation associated with resistance to Protease inhibitor(PI)was detected in this study.Nucleoside RT inhibitor(NRTI)mutations always emerged after non-nucleoside RT inhibitor(NNRTI)mutations,and were only found in patients treated for more than 6 months,with a frequency less than 5%,with the exception of mutation T215Y(12.8%,6/47)which occurred in patients treated for more than 12 months.NNRTI mutations emerged quickly after therapy begun,and increased significantly in patients treated for more than 6 months(P<0.005),and the most frequent mutations were K103N,V106A,Y181C,G190A.There had been optimal viral suppression in patients undergoing treatment for less than 6 months in Queshan,Henan.The drug resistance strains were highly prevalent in antiretroviral-treated patients,and increased with the continuation of therapy,with many patients encountering virological failure after 6 months therapy.     

Coagulation status detection in breast cancer patients by using thrombelastography

Many cancer patients are known to present in a hypercoagulable state, meaning an increased risk of thrombosis. To investigate hypercoagulable state in breast cancer (BC) patients, their coagulation status was compared with a benign disease group (control). The BC patients were divided into earlier stage (stage I and stage Ⅱ ) and later stage (stage Ⅲ and stage Ⅳ ). Thrombelastography (TEG) and other traditional coagulation tests were performed. The results showed that prothrombin time (PT) was significantly shortened and the levels of D-dimer, fibrinogen (Fib) and platelets (PLT) were significantly increased in the traditional BC group test (P< 0.05). According to TEG detection, the average level of blood clot formation time (K) was significantly lower, while the Angle, MA and CI were significantly higher in the BC group than those in benign disease group (P< 0.05). There were 5 cases of lower extremity venous thrombosis in the breast cancer patients, coinciding with hypercoagulable state. The results showed that the BC patients had an increased hypercoagulable state, with hypercoagulability becoming more obvious in advanced stages. This study suggests that BC patients have an increased tendency for clot formation, and TEG monitoring could be a useful tool to predict the risk of thrombosis for clinical prevention and treatment.     

Prevalence and evolution of drug resistance HIV-1 variants in Henan, China

To understand the prevalence and evolution of drug resistant HIV strains in Henan China after the implementation of free antiretroviral therapy for AIDS patients. 45 drug naive AIDS patients, 118 AIDS patients who received three months antiretroviral therapy and 124 AIDS patients who received six months antiretroviral treatment were recruited in the southern part of Henan province. Information on general condition, antiretroviral medicines, adherence and clinical syndromes were collected by face to face interview. Meanwhile, 14ml EDTA anticoagulant blood was drawn. CD4/CD8 T cell count, viral load and genotypic drug resistance were tested. The rates of clinical improvement were 55.1% and 50.8% respectively three months and six months after antiretroviral therapy. The mean CD4 cell count after antiretroviral therapy was significantly higher than in drug naive patients. The prevalence rate of drug resistant HIV strains were 13.9%, 45.4% and 62.7% in drug naive patients, three month treatment patients and six month treatment patients, respectively. The number of resistance mutation codons and the frequency of mutations increased significantly with continued antiretroviral therapy. The mutation sites were primarily at the 103, 106 and 215 codons in the three-month treatment group and they increased to 15 codon mutations in the six-month treatment group. From this result, the evolution of drug resistant strains was inferred to begin with the high level NNRTI resistant strain, and then develop low level resistant strains to NRTIs. The HIV strains with high level resistance to NVP and low level resistance to AZT and DDI were highly prevalent because of the AZT＋DDI＋NVP combination therapy. These HIV strains were also cross resistant to DLV, EFV, DDC and D4T. Poor adherence to therapy was believed to be the main reason for the emergence and prevalence of drug resistant HIV strains. The prevalence of drug resistant HIV strains was increased with the continuation of antiretroviral therapy in the southern part of Henan province. Measures, that could promote high level adherence, provide new drugs and change ART regimens in failing patients, should be implemented as soon as possible.     

Selenium and immunocompetence in patients with head and neck cancer

This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study aimed to determine whether oral intake of 200 μg/d of sodium selenite, a dose within the safe and adequate daily intake (50–200 μg/d) recommended by the U.S. Food and Nutrition Board, will abrogate depressed or enhance normal-level immune functions of patients receiving therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Subjects were given one selenium/placebo tablet/d for 8 wk, beginning on the day of their first treatment for the disease (e.g., surgery, radiation, or surgery and radiation) and their immune functions were monitored. Supplementation with selenium (Se) during therapy resulted in a significantly enhanced cell-mediated immune responsiveness, as reflected in the ability of the patient’s lymphocytes to respond to stimulation with mitogen, to generate cytotoxic lymphocytes, and to destroy tumor cells. The enhanced responsiveness was evident during therapy and following conclusion of therapy. In contrast, patients in the placebo arm of the study showed a decline in immune responsiveness during therapy, which was followed, in some patients, by an enhancement, but the responses of the group remained significantly lower than baseline values. The data also show that at baseline, patients entered in the study had significantly lower plasma Se levels than healthy individuals, and patients in stage I or II of disease had significantly higher plasma selenium levels than patients in stage III or IV of disease.     

42,573 cases of hepatectomy in China: a multicenter retrospective investigation

Hepatectomy is currently routinely performed in most hospitals in China. China owns the largest population of liver diseases and the biggest number of liver resection cases. A nationwide multicenter retrospective investigation involving 112 hospitals was performed, and focused on liver resection for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). 42,573 cases of hepatectomy were enrolled, and 18,275 valid cases of liver resection for HCC patients were selected for statistical analysis. The epidemiology of HCC, distribution of hepatectomy, postoperative complications and prognosis were finally analyzed. In the 18,275 HCC patients,81% had hepatitis B virus infection and 10% had hepatitis C virus infection. 38% of the HCC patients had normal Alphafetoprotein(AFP) level, and other 35% had an AFP level lower than 400 ng mL~(-1). In the study period, 97% of the hepatectomy for HCC were treated with open surgery, and 23.81% had vascular exclusion techniques. The operation time was(191.7±105.6) min,the blood loss was(546.0±562.8) m L, and blood transfusion was(543.0±1,035.2) m L. The median survival for HCC patients was 631 days, with 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival of 73.2%, 28.8% and 19.6%, respectively. Liver cirrhosis, multiple nodules,tumor thrombosis and high AFP level were risk factors that affect postoperative survival.     

Physical characteristics of Chinese Hakka

Using standard and internationally validated methods,86 anthropologic characteristics were determined in 650 male(305 from urban areas and 345 from rural areas) and 704 female(331 from urban areas,373 from rural areas) Chinese Hakka adults living in Guangdong and Jiangxi.The data were used to calculate 24 anthropologic indices,which were analyzed statistically.The physical characteristics of Hakka subjects were analyzed and compared with reference ethnic data.There were four main findings of this study.First,a small proportion of Hakka adults had an eye fold on the upper eyelid,but a large proportion had a mongoloid fold.The eye slits were narrow in most adults,had a medium nasal root height and straight bridges,and most of the external angles were prominent.The nasal base was upturned in most men.The distributions of the three types of nasal base in women were similar.The proportions of subjects with middle and high alae nasi heights were high and similar.Males with a maximum nostril diameter were mostly classified as transverse and oblique,while many women were classified as transverse and had relatively wide alae nasi.The round lobe type was the most common.Upper lip skin height was mostly classified as medium.Lips were classified as thin.The hair was black,eyes were brown,and the skin was yellowish.Second,the head length was long in male Hakka.The minimum frontal breadth,face breadth,lip height,and interocular breadth were similar to those of North-Asian populations.Meanwhile,head breadth,morphological facial height,nose breadth,mouth breadth,and nose height were similar to those of South-Asian populations.Head length was long in female Hakka.The minimum frontal breadth,face breadth,lip height,and interocular breadth were similar to those of North-Asian populations.Head breadth,nose breadth,and mouth breadth were similar to those of South-Asian populations.Third,the stature of male and female Hakka in urban and rural areas was classified as medium.The proportions of male and female Hakka classified as mesocephaly(length-breadth index of the head),hypsicephalic type,metriocephalic type(breadth-height index of the head) mesorrhiny,long trunk,subbrachyskelic type,broad shoulder breadth,and narrow distance between iliac crests were higher than those of other types.Finally,principal component analyses showed that the physical characteristics of Hakka were between those of South-Asian and North-Asian ethnic populations,but were generally closer to those of North-Asian populations in China.     

Distinct lung microbial community states in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

An improved understanding of the lung microbiome may lead to better strategies to diagnose, treat, and prevent pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB). However, the characteristics of the lung microbiomes of patients with TB remain largely undefined. In this study, 163 bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) samples were collected from 163 sputum-negative suspected PTB patients. Furthermore, 12 paired BAL samples were obtained from 12 Mycobacterium tuberculosis-positive(MTB+) patients before and after negative conversion following a two-month anti-TB treatment. The V3–V4 region of the 16 S ribosomal RNA(rRNA) gene was used to characterize the microbial composition of the lungs. The results showed that the prevalence of MTB in the BAL samples was 42.9%(70/163) among the sputum-negative patients. The α-diversity of lung microbiota was significantly less diverse in MTB+ patients compared with Mycobacterium tuberculosis-negative(MTB–) patients. There was a significant difference in β-diversity between MTB+ and MTB– patients. MTB+ patients were enriched with Anoxybacillus, while MTB– patients were enriched with Prevotella, Alloprevotella, Veillonella, and Gemella. There was no significant difference between the Anoxybacillus detection rates of MTB+ and MTB– patients. The paired comparison between the BAL samples from MTB+ patients and their negative conversion showed that BAL negative-conversion microbiota had a higher α-diversity. In conclusion, distinct features of airway microbiota could be identified between samples from patients with and without MTB. Our results imply links between lung microbiota and different clinical groups of active PTB.     

Hepatitis C in Laos: A 7-Year Retrospective Study on 1765 Patients

Hepatitis C virus(HCV) is a global health concern, notably in Southeast Asia, and in Laos the presentation of the HCVinduced liver disease is poorly known. Our objective was thus to describe a comprehensive HCV infection pattern in order to guide national health policies. A study on a group of 1765 patients formerly diagnosed by rapid test in health centres was conducted at the Centre of Infectiology Lao Christophe Merieux in Vientiane. The demographic information of patients,their infection status(viral load: VL), liver function(aminotransferases) and treatments were analysed. Results showed that gender distribution of infected people was balanced; with median ages of 53.8 for men and 51.6 years for women(13–86 years). The majority of patients(72%) were confirmed positive(VL [ 50 IU/mL) and 28% of them had high VL([ 6 log10). About 23% of patients had level of aminotransferases indicative of liver damage([ 40 IU/m L); but less than20% of patients received treatment. Patients rarely received a second sampling or medical imaging. The survey also showed that cycloferon, pegylated interferon and ribavirin were the drugs prescribed preferentially by the medical staff,without following any international recommendations schemes. In conclusion, we recommend that a population screening policy and better management of patients should be urgently implemented in the country, respecting official guidelines.However, the cost of biological analysis and treatment are significant barriers that must be removed. Public health resolutions should be immediately enforced in the perspective of meeting the WHO HCV elimination deadline by 2030.     

Effects of elevated CO2 on the nutrient compositions and enzymes activities of Nilaparvata lugens nymphs fed on rice plants

Elevated CO 2 may reduce the tolerance of Nilaparvata lugen (N. lugens) to adverse environmental factors through the biological and physiological degeneration of N. lugens. In an artificial climate box, under 375 and 750 μL L 1 CO 2 levels, the rice stems nutrient content, the nutrient content and enzyme activities of N. lugens nymph fed on rice seedlings exposed to ambient and elevated CO 2 were studied. The results showed that rice stems had significantly higher protein and total amino acid levels under ambient than elevated CO 2 levels. Nymphs had significantly higher protein levels in the ambient CO 2 treatment, while their glucose levels were significantly lower under ambient CO 2 conditions. Significantly higher trypsin activity was observed in nymphs grown in elevated CO 2 . Significantly lower activities of the protective enzymes total superoxide dismutase and catalase were observed in the nymphs under ambient CO 2 . Meanwhile, the activity of the detoxification enzyme glutathione S-transferase was significantly higher in the ambient CO 2 treatment. Measuring how energy and resources were allocated to enzymes in N. lugens nymphs under elevated CO 2 conditions can provide a more meaningful evaluation of their metabolic tolerances to adverse climatic conditions.     

Begg矫治器和直丝弓矫治器联合治疗安氏Ⅱ类1 分类错颌畸形的临床 疗效分析

目的:探讨Begg矫治器和直丝弓矫治器联合治疗安氏Ⅱ类1分类错颌畸形的临床疗效。方法:采取回顾性分析方法,调阅2010-2013年徐州矿务集团总医院安氏Ⅱ类1分类错颌畸形患者病历资料,选择病历资料完整且符合本研究要求的正畸病人病历44例进行分析,实验组22例为Begg矫治器和直丝弓矫治器联合治疗组,对照组22例为单纯直丝弓治疗组。对治疗前后的头影测量片进行扫描分析,对治疗时间及辅助支抗应用情况进行统计分析。结果:治疗完成时,Begg矫治器和直丝弓矫治器联合治疗组和单纯直丝弓治疗组的前牙覆合覆盖均减少,上切牙切缘均向远中移动,上下磨牙均伸长,前下面高度均增加,两组治疗结束后硬组织的变化无统计学差异(P0.05)。Begg矫治器和直丝弓矫治器联合治疗组与单纯直丝弓治疗组相比,治疗时间短,使用辅助支抗少,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:Begg矫治器和直丝弓矫治器联合矫治安氏Ⅱ类1分类错颌畸形是临床上一种速度快,费用低,效果优的治疗方法。     

Upper Airway Changes after Orthodontic Extraction Treatment in Adults: A Preliminary Study using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Objective

Whether the orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction and maximum anchorage in adults will lead to a narrowed upper airway remains under debated. The study aims to investigate the airway changes after orthodontic extraction treatment in adult patients with Class II and hyperdivergent skeletal malocclusion.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective study enrolled 18 adults with Class II and hyperdivergent skeletal malocclusion (5 males and 13 females, 24.1 ± 3.8 years of age, BMI 20.33 ± 1.77 kg/m²). And 18 untreated controls were matched 1:1 with the treated patients for age, sex, BMI, and skeletal pattern. CBCT images before and after treatment were obtained. DOLPHIN 11.7 software was used to reconstruct and measure the airway size, hyoid position, and craniofacial structures. Changes in the airway and craniofacial parameters from pre to post treatment were assessed by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Mann-Whitney U test was used in comparisons of the airway parameters between the treated patients and the untreated controls. Significant level was set at 0.05.

Results

The upper and lower incisors retracted 7.87 mm and 6.10 mm based on the measurement of U1-VRL and L1-VRL (P < 0.01), while the positions of the upper and lower molars (U6-VRL, and L6-VRL) remained stable. Volume, height, and cross-sectional area of the airway were not significantly changed after treatment, while the sagittal dimensions of SPP-SPPW, U-MPW, PAS, and V-LPW were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the morphology of the cross sections passing through SPP-SPPW, U-MPW, PAS, and V-LPW became anteroposteriorly compressed (P <0.001). No significant differences in the airway volume, height, and cross-sectional area were found between the treated patients and untreated controls.

Conclusions

The airway changes after orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction and maximum anchorage in adults are mainly morphological changes with anteroposterior dimension compressed in airway cross sections, rather than a decrease in size.     

CBCT Evaluation of the Upper Airway Morphological Changes in Growing Patients of Class II Division 1 Malocclusion with Mandibular Retrusion Using Twin Block Appliance: A Comparative Research

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphological changes of upper airway after Twin Block (TB) treatment in growing patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion and mandibular retrusion compared with untreated Class II patients by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods

Thirty growing patients who have completed TB treatment were recruited into TB group. The control group (n = 30) was selected from the patients with the same diagnosis and without TB treatment. CBCT scans of the pre-treatment (T1) and post-treatment (T2) data of TB group and control data were collected. After three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and registration of T1 and T2 data, the morphological changes of upper airway during TB treatment were measured. The statistical differences between T1 and T2 data of TB group as well as T2 and control data were accessed by t-test.

Results

During the TB treatment, the mandible moved advanced by 3.52±2.14 mm in the horizontal direction and 3.77±2.10 mm in the vertical direction. The hyoid bone was in a more forward and inferior place. The upper airway showed a significant enlargement in nasopharynx, oropharynx and hypopharynx. In addition, the nasopharynx turned more circular, and the oropharynx became more elliptic in transverse shape. However, the transverse shape of the hypopharynx showed no significant difference. After comparison between T2 and control data, only the horizontal movement of the hyoid bone, the volumetric expansion of the oropharynx and hypopharynx, and changes of the oropharyngeal transverse shape showed significant difference.

Conclusion

Compared to the untreated Class II patients, the upper airway of growing patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion and mandibular retrusion showed a significant enlargement in the oropharynx and hypopharynx as well as a more elliptic transverse shape in the oropharynx, and the hyoid bone moved to an anterior position after TB treatment.     

The influence of the respiration disturbances on the growth and development of the orofacial complex

The disturbances of orofacial functions lead to abnormal growth and development of the orofacial complex. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of incompetent lip seal and respiration disturbance, and to improve the understanding of correlation between incompetent lip seal and morphological malocclusions. In the sample of 84 children (45 girls and 39 boys, aged 8.96 +/- 0.66 years) a very high prevalence of the incompetent lip seal was found (35.72%). The study cast analysis was performed. The prevalence of the morphological malocclusion was significantly higher in the incompetent lip seal group (p < 0.001). There were also differences in types of malocclusions. The most frequent malocclusion found in incompetent lip seal was Class II / 1 malocclusion (53.3%). In the competent lip seal group this malocclusion was determined in only 15.57% (p < 0.001). Narrower upper dental arches, higher palate (p < 0.05) and larger overjet (p < 0.001) were found in incompetent lip seal group.     

Three-dimensional lip morphometry in adults operated on for cleft lip and palate

Measurements were taken from 18 patients operated on for cleft lip and palate, aged 19 to 27 years, and 162 control subjects matched for sex, age, and ethnic group. Nine soft-tissue landmarks on the lips were digitized by a three-dimensional electromagnetic instrument. From the landmarks, several linear distances (mouth width, philtrum width, vermilion height of upper and lower lip, total vermilion height, total lip height), the interlabial angle, and some areas (vermilion of upper lip, vermilion of lower lip, total vermilion) and volumes (upper lip volume, lower lip volume, total lip volume) were calculated. Patient and reference data were compared by t tests and Watson-Williams tests. In the men, significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in width of the philtrum, height and area of the vermilion part of the upper lip, and total vermilion height and area (all larger in male patients than in controls). In the women, significant differences were found in the height and area of the vermilion part of the upper lip (larger in female patients than in controls), and in the height and area of the vermilion part of the lower lip (smaller in patients than in controls). In both sexes, the interlabial angle was smaller than in the reference population. In conclusion, the upper lip of adult patients operated on for cleft lip and palate differed from that of healthy controls of the same age, sex, and ethnic group. Surgical correction of cleft lip and palate failed to provide a completely normal appearance. The analysis pointed out those parts of the lips and mouth (in particular, the vermilion part of the upper lip) that differed the most from the norm. The method may be used to indicate to the surgeon and patient where additional procedures might be performed to approximate the morphologic characteristics of a reference population.     

Partial trisomy of long arm of chromosome 4 as a result of dir dup (4)(q27q31.3) de novo

The phenotype of a girl at age of 12 years with a partial trisomy 4q caused by unique direct duplication 4q27 --> q31.3 included the thick, broad and straight eyebrows, upward slanting palpebral fissures, a deep-set eyes, narrow bridge and long back of the nose, flattened philtrum columns, narrow of vermilion borders of both upper and lower lips, protrusion of maxillary alveolar processus and anterior teeth together with shortened and posteriorly situated mandible, malocclusion corresponding with II class of Angle and long fingers, narrowing towards distal phalanges has been described. Further investigations are needed to delineate the clinical spectrum of features essential for partial trisomy 4q.     

Advanced squamous cell carcinoma involving both upper and lower lips and oral commissure with simultaneous reconstruction by local flap: a case report

Introduction

Squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors of the skin and oral mucosa. However, squamous cell carcinoma involving near total upper and lower lip and oral commissure is rarely seen in the English literature. Simultaneous reconstruction of the upper and lower lips has been inconclusive and presents a challenge to the surgeon. We report such a case and outline our simultaneous reconstruction with local flaps. To the best of our knowledge this has never been reported.

Case presentation

A 73-year-old Thai woman presented with a large rapidly growing squamous cell carcinoma involving the upper lip, lower lip, left oral commissure and left cheek. En bloc resection of upper lip, lower lip, left oral commissure and buccal region was performed. Left radical neck dissection and right modified neck dissection were performed. Reconstruction of the upper lip with a left nasolabial-cheek cervicofacial rotational-advancement flap and right cheek advancement with perialar crescent flap was performed. The lower lip was reconstructed with bilateral labiomental advancement flaps.

Conclusions

Squamous cell carcinoma can grow rapidly and spread along the orbicularis oris muscle and across the oral commissure to the opposite lip. In advanced cancer, multimodal treatment is necessary. No gold standard in the reconstruction of both upper and lower lips has been established. We report the case of an advanced squamous cell carcinoma involving both the upper lip, lower lip, left oral commissure and buccal area and simultaneous reconstruction with local flap coverage that, to the best of our knowledge, has never been reported.     

口腔正畸MIA技术对青少年安氏Ⅱ类错[牙合]畸形患者对龈沟液MMP-2表达水平的影响

目的:探讨口腔正畸微螺钉种植体支抗(Microscrew implant anchor,MIA)技术对青少年安氏Ⅱ类错[牙合]畸形患者对龈沟液基质金属蛋白酶(Matrix metalloproteinase,MMP)-2表达水平的影响。方法:2016年1月1日至2019年12月31日选择在本院诊治的青少年安氏Ⅱ类错[牙合]畸形患者86例,根据治疗方法把患者分为MIA组与对照组,各43例,对照组给予头帽口外弓支抗技术结合直丝弓矫治器治疗,MIA组给予MIA技术结合直丝弓矫治器治疗,检测龈沟液MMP-2表达水平变化情况。结果:MIA组正畸后6个月的总有效率为97.7%,显著高于对照组的81.4%(P<0.05)。两组正畸后6个月的SNA角、OB与OJ值低于正畸前,MIA组低于对照组(P<0.05),两组正畸前后SNB角在组内与组间对比差异都无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组正畸后6个月的龈沟液MMP-2值低于正畸前,MIA组低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:口腔正畸MIA技术在青少年安氏Ⅱ类错[牙合]畸形患者的应用能抑制龈沟液MMP-2的表达,有利于改善患者的头颅与牙齿的X线指标,从而促进提高治疗效果。     

Correction of thin lips: "lip lift"

Thin, atrophied lips are a stigma of old age. This paper discusses the so-called lip lift, an operation that consists of lifting, everting, and increasing the bulk of the upper and lower lips by means of a simple but meticulous procedure along the vermilion border. An introductory study on lip aesthetics is presented. Preoperative planning is greatly emphasized. This technique has been used by the author in 32 cases as an adjunct to facial lifts or as a separate procedure. The patients were followed for up to 3 years. The results were quite satisfactory.