云斑尖塘鳢肿大细胞病毒属虹彩病毒的分离与鉴定

2009年10月, 广东顺德地区一云斑尖塘鳢养殖场暴发不明病因疾病, 发病尖塘鳢体长15-18 cm不等,死亡率约85%, 濒死尖塘鳢从池塘底层游至水面, 呈现游动失衡状态直至死亡。死亡尖塘鳢腹部膨大,剖检可见肝脏、脾脏、肾脏肿大, 有出血斑点, 从内脏器官肝脏、脾脏和肾脏未分离到致病菌。病鱼内脏组织研磨过滤除菌后,腹腔注射20尾尖塘鳢, 7d后开始出现死亡, 10d后全部死亡, 对照组无死亡。自然发病鱼和人工感染鱼的病理切片显示肝脏、脾脏和肾脏出现大量肿大细胞,超薄切片经电子显微镜观察, 肝脏、脾脏和肾脏观察到大量病毒颗粒。电镜下病毒呈六边形,直径约135 nm,形态与虹彩病毒相似。针对虹彩病毒主衣壳蛋白(Major capsid protein,MCP)序列设计引物,提取自然发病鱼和人工感染鱼的DNA作为模板, 均能扩增出预期大小的特异性产物。利用NCBI的Blast搜索, 结果显示扩增序列与肿大细胞病毒属的传染性脾肾坏死病毒(ISKNV)、闪电丽鱼虹彩病毒(DGIV)和条石鲷虹彩病毒(RBIV)MCP核苷酸序列同源性分别为98.8%、98.1%和94.7%。利用MCP序列构建的系统发育树显示, 导致云斑尖塘鳢发病死亡的病毒为肿大细胞病毒属虹彩病毒, 暂命名云斑尖塘鳢虹彩病毒(MSGIV)。       

条石鲷检出的虹彩病毒特性研究

2009年8月份辽宁地区某网箱养殖场出现条石鲷大量死亡病情,对病鱼组织切片观察,在脾脏和肾脏等器官内发现许多形态异常肿大的嗜碱性粒细胞。病鱼组织匀浆液感染GF细胞出现了明显的细胞病变效应(CPE)。经透射电镜观察发现,脾脏、肾脏、肝脏及肠组织细胞质内存在大量呈六边形的病毒粒子,该病毒由核衣壳(100~110nm)和囊膜构成,直径150~180nm,似虹彩病毒。使用真鲷虹彩病毒(RSIV)959bp PstI片段特异性引物对病鱼各脏器组织进行PCR扩增,在脾脏、肾脏、鳃、肠、心脏和脑扩增出570bp大小的目的片段。同时,针对虹彩病毒主衣壳蛋白序列进行PCR扩增后得到1 400 bp大小的基因片段。病毒主衣壳蛋白序列系统进化分析显示,该病毒与真鲷虹彩病毒(RSIV-U1)等几株病毒位于同一进化分枝内。根据上述实验结果,作者认为引发条石鲷大批死亡的病原为真鲷虹彩病毒(Red sea bream iridovirus,RSIV)。     

新疆分离的0507JS60鉴定为辽宁病毒

0507JS60是从中国新疆喀什地区采集的库蚊标本分离的病毒株,可以在C6/36细胞上稳定传代.电镜观察显示完整病毒颗粒呈球形,直径55nm(n=10),无包膜,衣壳表面壳粒结构非常清晰.基因组核酸电泳显示基因组包括12条双链RNA(Double stranded RNA,dsRNA)片段.病毒第12基因片段序列测定结果显示该片段全长760bp(GenBank ID:FJ157354),具有长度为525bp的单一开放读码框(Single open reading frame,ORF),编码长度为174个氨基酸的蛋白,分子量约18.9kD.病毒第12基因片段序列比对显示与辽宁病毒(Liaoning virus,LNV)核酸序列同源性大于89%,氨基酸序列同源性大于91%.病毒第12基因片段系统进化分析显示该病毒与LNV病毒位于同一进化分枝内,与LNV-NE9712病毒株进化关系更接近.0507JS60经系统鉴定为LNV,这是首次在东北以外的地区分离到该病毒.     

牛副流感病毒3型的分离鉴定

从黑龙江省某牛场患有呼吸道疾病的病牛鼻液中分离到1株病毒, 该病毒能在MDBK细胞上增殖并产生特征性细胞病变, 对分离毒株进行理化特性、RT-PCR鉴定及序列测定与分析, 结果发现该病毒为RNA病毒, 具有血凝性, 对乙醚、氯仿极其敏感, 不耐热, 对酸的抵抗力差; 分离株与GenBank中已发表的病毒株N基因片段的同源性为82.6%~99.1%, 结果表明分离的病毒为牛副流感病毒3型毒株, 命名为BPIV3 DQ1株。根据GenBank上发表的牛副流感病毒3型核衣壳蛋白N基因序列, 设计合成了一对特异性引物, 能扩增704 bp的目的片段, 可以检测出10个 TCID50/100 μL病毒核酸。     

新分离呼吸道肠道病毒生物学特性和S4片段的序列测定

新分离呼吸道肠道病毒(简称呼肠病毒)经过空斑分纯后进行生物学和部分基因序列的鉴定。首先通过BYD株(由端青从北京于某患者标本中分离到的第一株呼肠病毒)对4种传代细胞的敏感性试验,选出L929和LLC-MK2敏感细胞,然后用LLC-MK2细胞进行理化性质试验,血凝试验和形态学鉴定。结果显示该病毒为耐乙醚、不耐酸、不耐热的RNA病毒;对人O型红细胞能产生凝集,滴度达1:32;电镜下可查见细胞胞浆内有球形、直径为70nm～80nm、双层衣壳的病毒颗粒。提取BYD株RNA并进行S4片段序列分析,结果显示该片段的氨基酸序列与已知呼肠病毒1～3型标准株的同源性分别为95%、90%和95%。以上这些生物学以及S4片断的序列分析结果表明:新分离BYD株病毒符合呼肠病毒科的特性。     

新分离呼吸道肠道病毒生物学特性和S4片段的序列测定

新分离呼吸道肠道病毒(简称呼肠病毒)经过空斑分纯后进行生物学和部分基因序列的鉴定.首先通过BYD株(由端青从北京于某患者标本中分离到的第一株呼肠病毒)对4种传代细胞的敏感性试验,选出L929和LLC-MK2敏感细胞,然后用LLC-MK2细胞进行理化性质试验,血凝试验和形态学鉴定.结果显示该病毒为耐乙醚、不耐酸、不耐热的RNA病毒;对人O型红细胞能产生凝集,滴度达132;电镜下可查见细胞胞浆内有球形、直径为70nm～80nm、双层衣壳的病毒颗粒.提取BYD株RNA并进行S4片段序列分析,结果显示该片段的氨基酸序列与已知呼肠病毒1～3型标准株的同源性分别为95%、90%和95%.以上这些生物学以及S4片断的序列分析结果表明新分离BYD株病毒符合呼肠病毒科的特性.     

两种鳜病毒的共感染现象及引起感染细胞的超微变化

借助细胞培养和电镜技术,揭示了鳜球形病毒(Siniperca chuatsi spherical virus,SCSV)与鳜弹状病毒(Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus,SCRV)在草鱼鳍细胞(Grass carp fins,GCF)中共感染的现象。在筛选到敏感鱼类细胞系和建立了 鳜病毒体外增殖系统的基础上,取息典型病毒感染出血症的鳜组织,制备组织悬液,接种到GCF细胞中传代培养, 在攻毒后间隔不同时间收集细胞,对攻毒细胞的超薄切片进行电镜观察。揭示两种形态的鳜病毒可在同一个GCF 细胞中增殖,并描述和分析了病毒复制引起感染细胞的超微病变。本研究结果有助于阐明鱼类重要病毒病害的发 生过程及致病机理。     

我国蚊虫分离的一种新型胞质多形体病毒

0507BS3是从中国新疆喀什地区采集的库蚊和按蚊混合蚊标本分离的病毒株,对C6/36细胞致病变而对Ve-ro和BHK-21细胞不致病变。电镜观察显示病毒颗粒呈圆球形,直径约60nm(n=20),无包膜,单层衣壳,衣壳内有中央核。基因组核酸电泳显示基因组包括10条双链RNA(double stranded RNA,dsRNA)片段。病毒第10基因片段核酸序列测定显示该片段全长964bp(GenBankID:FJ150869),具有单一开放读码框,编码长度为275个氨基酸的蛋白,分子量约30.8kD。病毒第10基因片段核酸序列比对未发现相似的病毒核酸序列,氨基酸序列与胞质多形体病毒(Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus,CPV)第10基因片段编码的多形体蛋白部分区段匹配。病毒第10基因片段和已知各型CPV第10基因片段核酸序列共同进行系统进化分析显示该病毒位于独立的进化分枝,提示0507BS3病毒可能是一种新型CPV病毒。     

一株小鼠诺如病毒的分离和鉴定及全基因组序列分析

小鼠诺如病毒(Murine norovirus,MNV)属于杯状病毒科诺如病毒属成员,是2003年新发现的感染实验小鼠的病毒,也是目前已知的小鼠病毒中感染率最高的一种病毒。本研究利用RAW264.7细胞从MNV感染小鼠的盲肠内容物中进行病毒分离,采用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)方法、病毒空斑试验、TCID50试验、电镜观察、间接免疫荧光试验和测序分析等方法对分离到的病毒进行鉴定,结果显示RAW264.7细胞接毒24~48h后出现明显的细胞病变,表现为细胞圆缩、变亮、聚集,最后大部分细胞死亡脱落。分离株在RAW264.7细胞上传代至第2~3代时可出现稳定的细胞病变。经病毒空斑试验获得一株纯化病毒,病毒滴度TCID50为105.25/0.1mL。电镜观察可见明显的病毒颗粒,颗粒呈球形,无囊膜,直径约30~35nm。分离株经鉴定后命名为MNV Guangzhou/K162/09/CHN。采用RT-PCR技术分段扩增基因组开放阅读框(ORF),同时应用3′-RACE和5′-RACE技术扩增基因组的3′-UTR和5′-UTR,分别对扩增片段进行克隆和测序,经拼接后获得分离株全基因组序列。结果显示分离株基因组序列全长7 380个核苷酸(GenBank登录号:HQ317203),将分离株全基因组序列与GenBank登录的国外参考毒株进行同源性比较,结果表明该毒株与其他MNV分离株核苷酸同源性为87.4%~89.7%。基于VP1蛋白核苷酸序列绘制MNV毒株系统发生进化树,结果表明该分离株与来自日本(S7-P2和S7-PP3)、美国(CR3和CR18)、韩国(K4)和德国(Berlin/04/06/DE和Berlin/05/06/DE)的毒株进化距离较近,同属一个进化分支。本研究是国内首次对MNV病毒进行分离鉴定和全基因组序列分析的报道。     

一种新香菇病毒基因组部分cDNA序列及病毒RT-PCR检测

本文报道从香菇菌丝体和子实体中分离到一种大小约20nm×(100-200)nm的杆形病毒颗粒,病毒基因组是大小约8.0kb的dsRNA。对病毒基因组部分cDNA序列进行克隆,完成1457bp的核酸序列测定(Accession No:GQ372842),该序列含1个不完整ORF,编码314个氨基酸残基,推测为病毒RNA聚合酶部分序列。病毒基因组部分cDNA序列与GenBank中的已知核酸序列无明显同源性,表明它可能是新发现食用真菌病毒。为了对实验室和野外的香菇病毒进行快速检测,我们根据得到的病毒基因组部分cDNA序列设计特异性引物,建立了一种方便、有效检测香菇病毒的RT-PCR方法,对感染病毒异常菌丝体中的病毒成功地进行了检测。     

Orchid Fleck Virus Infecting Orchids in Paraguay: First Report and Use of Degenerate Primers for its Detection

The presence of Orchid fleck virus (OFV) in Paraguay was confirmed in orchid plants collected during a survey carried out in 2013. Leaves displayed ringspot and fleck symptoms, and in infected tissues, non‐enveloped, short, rodlike viral particles were observed. Partial OFV N and L genes were amplified using specific and degenerate primers, respectively; the nucleotide sequences demonstrated high identities (98%) with other OFV isolates. Degenerate primers for the L gene were designed considering conserved regions within all of the available OFV sequences and those from the closely related isolates citrus leprosis virus nuclear type (CiLV‐N) and citrus necrotic spot virus. Degenerate primers were also successfully used for the detection of CiLV‐N from infected citrus samples.     

中华鳖病毒的血清学检测

中华鳖病毒（ＴＳＶ）是从病鳖中分离到的一种病毒病原。经细胞培养和差异离心制备ＴＳＶ抗原,肌注家兔获ＴＳＶ抗体（ＴＳＶ－Ａｂ）,中和效价为１：２０,用ＴＳＶ－Ａｂ进行双向免疫扩散和间接ＥＬＩＳＡ检测,被检样品有健康和病鳖组织匀浆液、ＴＳＶ细胞培养液、提纯的ＴＳＶ,以及鱼传染性胰脏坏死病毒（ＩＰＮＶ）、草鱼呼肠孤病毒（ＧＣＶ）、鱼病毒性出血败血症病毒（ＶＨＳＶ）、鲁痘疮病毒（Ｃａｒｐ ｐｏｘ ｖｉｒｕ     

The Syndrome of Sea Cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) Infected by Virus and Bacteria

A outbreak of disease with symptoms of evisceration and skin ulteration led to mass mortality in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus cultivated in indoor ponds near the Dalian coast from December 2004 to April 2005. Spherical virus particles with a diameter of 75-200 nm were found in the cytoplasm of cells in the water-system, the alimentary canal and in the respiratory trees of the diseased and dying sea cucumber individuals by electron microscopic observation of ultrathin sections. Examination by negative stained samples revealed that all the diseased sea cucumbers were infected by the virus, while the healthly ones cultivated outside the contagious area were not. Two bacterial strains were also isolated from the diseased animals. When exposed to a medium containing the virus particles, regardless of whether the bacterial suspension was added,healthy sea cucumbers exhibited identical disease symptoms as the ones in the indoor ponds, and had a mortality of 90%-100%. However, when exposed to a medium in which there was only one of the two bacterial strains, 30%-80% of the sea cucumbers were infected and nearly 20% died. Negative staining showed that the viral particles were detected only in the bodies of the tested animals that were exposed to the viral medium. Histopathologically, the diseased sea cucumbers are characterized by karyopycnosis, and disintegration of the endoplasmic reticula and mitochondria in the epithelial cells in the water-system, the respiratory tree and the alimentary canal.     

The Syndrome of Sea Cucumber （Apostichopusjaponicus） Infected by Virus and Bacteria

A outbreak of disease with symptoms of evisceration and skin ulteration led to mass mortality in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus cultivated in indoor ponds near the Dalian coast from December 2004 to April 2005. Spherical virus particles with a diameter of 75-200 nm were found in the cytoplasm of cells in the water-system, the alimentary canal and in the respiratory trees of the diseased and dying sea cucumber individuals by electron microscopic observation of ultrathin sections. Examination by negative stained samples revealed that all the diseased sea cucumbers were infected by the virus, while the healthly ones cultivated outside the contagious area were not. Two bacterial strains were also isolated from the diseased animals. When exposed to a medium containing the virus particles, regardless of whether the bacterial suspension was added, healthy sea cucumbers exhibited identical disease symptoms as the ones in the indoor ponds, and had a mortality of 90%-100%. However, when exposed to a medium in which there was only one of the two bacterial strains, 30%-80% of the sea cucumbers were infected and nearly 20% died. Negative staining showed that the viral particles were detected only in the bodies of the tested animals that were exposed to the viral medium Histopathologically, the diseased sea cucumbers are characterized by karyopycnosis, and disintegration of the endoplasmic reticula and mitochondria in the epithelial cells in the water-system, the respiratory tree and the alimentary canal.     

鳜鱼病毒病原的检出及组织病理分析

经对患暴发性传染病的鳜组织及病变组织超微切片的电镜观察,在细胞质,核及间隙中都有病毒颗粒,对该病毒进行了分离提纯,这是一种直径约为２８０ｎｍ球形病毒,将粗提病毒液接种到培养细胞中,会引起细胞病变;病毒通过人工感染健康鳜,会引起鳜发病和死亡,对患病獗进行解剖和组织病理观察,表明病鳜的５种器官都发生了病变,研究结果表明分离的鳜病毒（ＳｉｎｉｐｅｒｃａｃｈｕａｔｓｉＶｉｒｕｓ,ＳＣＶ）是引起鳜流４行的病     

玻片凝集法检测丰产鲫细菌性败血症病原菌CSS-4-2的研究

应用玻片凝集法对CSS 4 2菌株的全菌抗原进行检测 ,其最低检出水平为 10 8cells/mL。玻片凝集法对 2 2尾人工感染CSS 4 2菌株临死的或有明显症状的丰产鲫的肝、脾、肾组织分离菌的阳性检出率为10 0 % ;而对 12尾人工感染CSS 4 2菌株未显症状丰产鲫的肝、脾、肾组织分离菌的阳性检出率为 80 .5 %。     

The syndrome of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) infected by virus and bacteria

A outbreak of disease with symptoms of evisceration and skin ulteration led to mass mortality in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus cultivated in indoor ponds near the Dalian coast from December 2004 to April 2005. Spherical virus particles with a diameter of 75–200 nm were found in the cytoplasm of cells in the water-system, the alimentary canal and in the respiratory trees of the diseased and dying sea cucumber individuals by electron microscopic observation of ultrathin sections. Examination by negative stained samples revealed that all the diseased sea cucumbers were infected by the virus, while the healthly ones cultivated outside the contagious area were not. Two bacterial strains were also isolated from the diseased animals. When exposed to a medium containing the virus particles, regardless of whether the bacterial suspension was added, healthy sea cucumbers exhibited identical disease symptoms as the ones in the indoor ponds, and had a mortality of 90%–100%. However, when exposed to a medium in which there was only one of the two bacterial strains, 30%–80% of the sea cucumbers were infected and nearly 20% died. Negative staining showed that the viral particles were detected only in the bodies of the tested animals that were exposed to the viral medium. Histopathologically, the diseased sea cucumbers are characterized by karyopycnosis, and disintegration of the endoplasmic reticula and mitochondria in the epithelial cells in the water-system, the respiratory tree and the alimentary canal. Fundation items: Supported by commonweal program of State Oceanic Administration of China (200705007), Science and Technology Project of Liaoning Province (2004203001) and Science and Technology Project of Dlian (2004 BINS030).     

Viremia Associated with Fatal Outcomes in Ferrets Infected with Avian H5N1 Influenza Virus

Avian H5N1 influenza viruses cause severe disease and high mortality in infected humans. However, tissue tropism and underlying pathogenesis of H5N1 virus infection in humans needs further investigation. The objective of this work was to study viremia, tissue tropism and disease pathogenesis of H5N1 virus infection in the susceptible ferret animal model. To evaluate the relationship of morbidity and mortality with virus loads, we performed studies in ferrets infected with the H5N1 strain A/VN/1203/04 to assess clinical signs after infection and virus load in lung, brain, ileum, nasal turbinate, nasal wash, and blood. We observed that H5N1 infection in ferrets is characterized by high virus load in the brain and and low levels in the ileum using real-time PCR. In addition, viral RNA was frequently detected in blood one or two days before death and associated with symptoms of diarrhea. Our observations further substantiate pathogenicity of H5N1 and further indicate that viremia may be a bio-marker for fatal outcomes in H5N1 infection.