草鱼MyoD基因内含子和启动子的克隆与分析

本研究采用PCR和染色体步移法克隆了草鱼Myo D基因311 bp的内含子1、125 bp的内含子2及长1 066 bp的部分上游启动子序列。同源性比对分析表明,草鱼Myo D的内含子1与鲤科鱼类的同源性相对较高(87%~97.1%)。生物信息学方法预测草鱼Myo D的启动子序列中发现含有1个核心启动子序列,存在CREB、SP1、ATF等多种与转录诱导调控有关的转录因子结合位点,未发现Cp G岛。草鱼Myo D基因内含子及启动子克隆与特征分析,将为进一步研究鱼类Myo D基因的表达调控及其功能分析提供参考。     

准噶尔雅罗鱼β-肌动蛋白基因启动子的克隆及其活性功能初步检测

以开发利用新疆濒危鱼类准噶尔雅罗鱼(Leuciscus merzbacheri)基因资源为研究目的, 利用PCR技术克隆准噶尔雅罗鱼的β-actin 基因, 得到的β-actin 基因片段SZ21包含启动调控区, 大小为2 398 bp。SZ21的启动调控区包括β-actin 基因上游调控序列、第1、第2、第3和第4外显子部分序列。上游调控序列中含有对转录起重要作用的CAAT框、TATA 框和CArG 框等元件。对启动子序列在线分析表明, 获得的启动子含有E-box、RU49、ZBPF、CEBP、CREB等多个重要转录因子结合位点。用AatⅡ破坏真核表达载体pEGFP-N1-AFPⅢ中的CMV启动子, 将准噶尔雅罗鱼的SZ21启动调控区克隆到载体pEGFP-N1-AFPⅢ(CMV坏)上, 构建成重组表达载体β2 pEGFP-N1-AFPⅢ。脂质体转染BHK-21细胞。结果表明, 克隆的准噶尔雅罗鱼β-actin基因启动子SZ21具有启动EGFP报告基因在哺乳动物细胞中表达的活性。通过BHK-21绿色荧光细胞的传代证实, 克隆的启动子具有持续启动蛋白基因表达的活性, 在细胞传代中可以遗传。PCR检测传代的BHK-21绿色荧光细胞基因组DNA, 均能检测到SZ21目的片段。文章成功分离了具有活性功能的准噶尔雅罗鱼β-actin基因启动子。     

甘蔗ScMOC1基因启动子的克隆与瞬时表达分析

MOC1属于植物特有的GRAS家族蛋白基因,是调控植物腋芽形成发育的关键基因。启动子对基因转录效率起直接调控作用,其功能分析可以精确定位基因的表达部位、发育阶段和调控机制,克隆甘蔗腋芽形成发育关键基因ScMOC1的启动子序列,研究其功能对该基因表达调控机制具有重要意义。本研究以我国主栽甘蔗品种新台糖22号(ROC22)的基因组DNA为模板,通过基因组步移和巢式PCR技术克隆到ScMOC1起始密码子ATG上游1874 bp的启动子序列。PlantCARE在线分析预测表明,该序列包含多个真核生物启动子必需的核心元件TATA-box、CAAT-box以及与光响应、激素响应和分生组织表达等相关的顺式作用元件,推测ScMOC1启动子可通过激素诱导调控ScMOC1表达,且该启动子可能通过分生组织表达顺式调控元件CAT-box参与ScMOC1对甘蔗分蘖的调控。将获得的启动子序列替换pBI121质粒中的CaMV35S启动子驱动下游GUS基因表达进行活性分析,结果表明:本研究克隆的启动子片段能驱动GUS基因在甘蔗嫩叶中瞬时表达。5′缺失分析表明该启动子的基础启动子序列在起始密码子ATG上游350～500 bp之间。该结果为后续ScMOC1的调控机制研究奠定了良好的基础。     

CaPKR-like在鲫鱼与草鱼组织中的表达特性分析

摘要：PKR是由干扰素诱导的最重要的抗病毒蛋白之一,能抑制细胞和病毒蛋白的合成。鲫鱼PKR基因(CaPKR-like)是鱼类第一个,也是非哺乳类脊椎动物第一个报道的PKR全长cDNA序列。本研究制备了CaPKR-like N-端包含Za结构域的多克隆抗体,采用Western blots检验PKR-like在鲫鱼和草鱼组织中的表达特性。Western blots显示在未诱导的鲫鱼和草鱼中该基因表达水平非常低,但是经Poly I:C免疫一周后,在鲫鱼和草鱼等8种组织中有较强的PKR-like蛋白产生。结果暗示：CaPKR-like与哺乳类PKR有相同的组织表达特性。。     

油葵种子特异启动子Ha ds10 G1的克隆及功能鉴定

从油葵中克隆得到LEA蛋白基因家族Ha ds10 G1基因的启动子序列,并对其进行功能分析。利用PCR技术从油葵品种"矮大头"基因组DNA中分离Ha ds10 G1基因上游的调控序列,将其与GUS基因融合,构建种子特异性表达载体p BI121-PHa ds10,通过根癌农杆菌介导法转化烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)NC89,对再生植株进行PCR、RT-PCR和GUS组织化学分析,以检测GUS基因在转基因烟草中的表达情况。结果表明,油葵Ha ds10 G1基因启动子长度为1 417 bp,与已报道的向日葵Ha ds10G1基因启动子序列同源性为89.42%。作用元件分析发现该区域除了具有启动子核心调控序列外,还含有多个与组织特异性、激素、逆境等表达相关的顺式作用元件,如RY重复元件、ABRE元件、TC-rich元件等。转基因植株的PCR结果显示,成功地获得了转基因阳性植株;GUS活性检测表明,该启动子序列仅能够驱动GUS基因在烟草种子表达,而在根、茎、叶等组织中均未检测到GUS基因表达。因此,油葵LEA蛋白基因家族Ha ds10 G1基因上游1 417 bp片段具有种子特异性启动子功能。研究结果为油葵等油料作物的油脂遗传改良提供组织特异性启动子。     

小麦TaPSG719基因启动子的分离及序列分析

TaPSG719基因是从小麦中分离的花粉特异性表达基因,其功能未知.克隆和分析该基因的启动子有助于研究该基因的功能,解析小麦花器官的发育调控机制.本研究根据已报道的TaPSG719基因cDNA序列为基础设计引物,经过两次反向PCR获得了该基因起始密码子上游1776 bp的调控序列.应用PLACE和PlantCARE数据库系统对该序列进行分析研究,发现其具有启动子的基本元件TATA-box和CAAT-box、两种花粉特异性调控元件AGAAA和GTGA及光反应和激素响应元件.     

小麦TaPSG719基因启动子的分离及序列分析

TaPSG719基因是从小麦中分离的花粉特异性表达基因,其功能未知。克隆和分析该基因的启动子有助于研究该基因的功能,解析小麦花器官的发育调控机制。本研究根据已报道的TaPSG719基因cDNA序列为基础设计引物,经过两次反向PCR获得了该基因起始密码子上游1776bp的调控序列。应用PLACE和PlantCARE数据库系统对该序列进行分析研究,发现其具有启动子的基本元件TATA-box和CAAT-box、两种花粉特异性调控元件AGAAA和GTGA及光反应和激素响应元件。     

小麦TaPSG719基因启动子的分离及序列分析

TaPSG719基因是从小麦中分离的花粉特异性表达基因,其功能未知。克隆和分析该基因的启动子有助于研究该基因的功能,解析小麦花器官的发育调控机制。本研究根据已报道的TaPSG719基因cDNA序列为基础设计引物,经过两次反向PCR获得了该基因起始密码子上游1776bp的调控序列。应用PLACE和PlantCARE数据库系统对该序列进行分析研究,发现其具有启动子的基本元件TATA—box和CAAT—box、两种花粉特异性调控元件AGAAA和GTGA及光反应和激素响应元件。     

贵阳腐霉Pr1基因上游调控序列的克隆及分析

目的:克隆贵阳腐霉类枯草菌素蛋白酶(Pr1)基因上游调控序列并进行分析,进一步了解Pr1基因的表达规律。方法:采用锅柄聚合酶链反应法(Panhandle PCR)扩增Pr1基因上游调控序列,并利用真核生物启动子分析软件对扩增序列进行启动子顺式作用元件预测分析。结果:获得864bp基因序列,分析表明,该序列包含2个TATA框,一个可能的转录起始区,并具备氮调控因子结合位点(相隔很近的GATA序列),碳调控因子结合位点(5’SYGGRG 3’)。这与Pr1的表达受碳/氮抑制的结果一致。结论:Panhandle PCR方法成功克隆贵阳腐霉Pr1基因上游调控序列,GenBank登录号为:JQ975036。     

LRP16基因启动子克隆及特征分析

克隆LRP16基因启动子分子,并对启动子特征进行分析,预测启动子区调控元件,为深入研究LRP16基因的表达调控机制奠定基础。在NCBI的人类基因组数据库中截取并下载LRP16基因转录起始位点5′侧翼区2.7kb的基因组序列,设计PCR引物,从健康外周血单个核细胞中扩增,利用Genomatix程序对5′侧翼区近1000bp进行启动子特征分析,获得了与GenBank序列一致,长度为2.7kb的LRP16基因启动子DNA序列,该序列具有典型的真核生物RNA聚合酶Ⅱ启动子特征及多个核受体结合位点,如α视黄酸受体及RAR相关孤生受体。     

草鱼α1-抗胰蛋白酶基因cDNA全长克隆与表达分析

采用RACE技术获得α1-抗胰蛋白酶基因cDNA全长序列为1 469 bp,开放阅读框为1 329 bp,可编码442个氨基酸。5′非编码区长19 bp,3′非编码区长121 bp。核苷酸序列分析表明,在N端可能存在一个由1～21位氨基酸残基组成的信号肽;与斑马鱼的同源性最好,其次是虹鳟;在系统进化上,与在斑马鱼、虹鳟共聚为一个大支。用半定量RT-PCR分析正常及细菌诱导下草鱼α1-抗胰蛋白酶基因在不同组织中的表达分布。结果显示:正常情况下,草鱼α1-抗胰蛋白酶在肝脏表达最丰富,在脾脏、前肾、前肠、中肠、后肠和也有少量表达;细菌诱导下,肝脏中表达最强,前肾、脾脏、肠道中表达均明显提高,心脏和后肾中也出现较高表达。提示α1-抗胰蛋白酶可能参与了机体对嗜水气单胞菌感染的免疫应答。     

Cloning, characterization and expression analysis of interleukin-10 from the common carp, Cyprinus carpio L.

Interleukin (IL)-10 was cloned from the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) using IL-10 primers from carp head kidney following stimulation with concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide. The cDNA consisted of a 1096 bp sequence containing a 55 bp 5' untranslated region and a 498 bp 3' untranslated region. An open reading frame of 543 bp encoded a putative 180 amino acid protein with a putative signal peptide of 22 amino acids. The signature motif of IL-10 is conserved in carp sequence. A 2083 bp genomic sequence of carp IL-10 was found to contain five exons interrupted by four introns. With the exception of much more compact introns, the genomic structure was similar to that of mammalian IL-10. By homology, phylogeny and genomic analyses, the carp gene cloned was designated as IL-10. Carp IL-10 was expressed in head, kidney, liver, spleen and intestine during the resting phase. The gene was also expressed in head kidney and liver following in vitro stimulation with lipopolysaccharide.     

Structure, organization and expression of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) SLP-76 gene

SLP-76 is an important member of the SLP-76 family of adapters, and it plays a key role in TCR signaling and T cell function. Partial cDNA sequence of SLP-76 of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) was isolated from thymus cDNA library by the method of suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). Subsequently, the full length cDNA of carp SLP-76 was obtained by means of 3' RACE and 5' RACE, respectively. The full length cDNA of carp SLP-76 was 2007 bp, consisting of a 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 285 bp, a 3'-terminal UTR of 240 bp, and an open reading frame of 1482 bp. Sequence comparison showed that the deduced amino acid sequence of carp SLP-76 had an overall similarity of 34-73% to that of other species homologues, and it was composed of an NH2-terminal domain, a central proline-rich domain, and a C-terminal SH2 domain. Amino acid sequence analysis indicated the existence of a Gads binding site R-X-X-K, a 10-aa-long sequence which binds to the SH3 domain of LCK in vitro, and three conserved tyrosine-containing sequence in the NH2-terminal domain. Then we used PCR to obtain a genomic DNA which covers the entire coding region of carp SLP-76. In the 9.2k-long genomic sequence, twenty one exons and twenty introns were identified. RT-PCR results showed that carp SLP-76 was expressed predominantly in hematopoietic tissues, and was upregulated in thymus tissue of four-month carp compared to one-year old carp. RT-PCR and virtual northern hybridization results showed that carp SLP-76 was also upregulated in thymus tissue of GH transgenic carp at the age of four-months. These results suggest that the expression level of SLP-76 gene may be related to thymocyte development in teleosts.     

草鱼CD81基因的克隆及功能分析

为研究白细胞表面分化抗原81(CD81)的功能, 对草鱼CD81进行了克隆, CD81全长共1376 bp, 其中5'非翻译区87 bp, 3'非翻译区581 bp, 开放阅读框为708 bp, 包括8个外显子, 7个内含子, 编码235个氨基酸。实验采用实时荧光定量PCR的方法检测了CD81在健康草鱼不同组织中的表达情况及草鱼出血病病毒(GCRV)攻毒前后的表达变化情况。结果显示草鱼CD81在所有被检测组织中均有表达, 在头肾中表达量最高。在GCRV攻毒前后草鱼鳃、脾、肝、肠及头肾5个组织中的CD81表达量均有明显变化。同时, 采用绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)来示踪CD81的亚细胞表达部位, 激光共聚焦显微镜显示, 同人类一样, 草鱼CD81定位于细胞膜上。       

草鱼钠磷协同转运载体Slc34a2基因的克隆及组织表达分析

为了揭示草鱼对磷的吸收机制,运用RT-PCR和快速扩增cDNA末端方法,从草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idella）肠中克隆获得钠磷协同转运载体基因Slc34a2,该基因全长为2446 bp,包含了1938 bp的开放阅读框,47 bp的5非编码区（Untranslated region,UTR）和461 bp的3UTR,编码645个氨基酸。草鱼SLC34A2蛋白的分子式为C3215H5125N801O902S30,分子量大小为70.39 kD,等电点为5.68,总平均疏水指数为0.458。对草鱼SLC34A2蛋白结构和功能预测分析,发现SLC34A2蛋白有11个跨膜域,1个半胱氨酸富集区,且N-端在胞外而C-端在胞内,也在第二个细胞外环中发现4个N-糖基化位点。用邻接法构建系统进化树,发现草鱼Slc34a2基因与硬骨鱼类聚类为一支,且草鱼SLC34A2蛋白与鲤（Cyprinus carpio）和斑马鱼（Danio rerio）SLC34A2的相似性最高,分别为90.3%和87.0%。实验采用了实时荧光定量PCR对草鱼Slc34a2 mRNA进行组织表达分析,结果表明Slc34a2 mRNA在组织中广谱表达,且在肠中表达最高,其次是肝脏、鳃、肾脏、脾脏、皮肤、肌肉、脑和头肾。实验为以后研究提高鱼对磷的利用和减少磷的排放奠定分子基础。     

Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of QM gene from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) homologous to Wilms' tumor suppressor

QM, a novel gene that was originally identified as a tumor suppressor, has been cloned from species encompassing members of higher vertebrate, plant and fungal kingdoms, but it is not well documented in fish. In present study, a gene homologous to QM was obtained from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) head kidney and spleen cDNA library. The full-length grass carp QM (GcQM) cDNA of 759 bp contains a short 5' UTR of 22 bp, a 3' UTR of 89 bp and an open reading frame of 648 nucleotides that translates into a 215-amino acid peptide with a molecular weight of 24.5 kDa. The predicted GcQM contains a series of functional motifs that belong to the QM family signature conserved among different species. Multiple alignment analysis reveals that GcQM shares an overall identity of 62.4% approximately 97.7% with other members of QM family. The fish QM has a closest genetic relationship to chicken homologue Jif-1. The GcQM expresses constitutively in spleen, heart and brain, and significantly up-regulated by Aeromonas hydrophila and grass carp haemorrhagic virus (GCHV) in head kidney, spleen and liver. The results suggest that grass carp QM homolog is an inflammatory stress inducible gene associated with anti-bacterial and viral defense, and it plays an important role in immune defense.     

Structure,organization and expression of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) NKEF-B gene

Natural killer (NK) cell enhancing factor (NKEF) belongs to the newly defined peroxiredoxin (Prx) family. Its functions are to enhance NK cell cytotoxicity and to protect DNA and proteins from oxidative damage. In this study, a partial cDNA sequence of carp NKEF-B was isolated from thymus cDNA library. Subsequently, the full-length cDNA of carp NKEF-B was obtained by means of 3′ and 5′ RACE, respectively. The full-length cDNA of carp NKEF-B was 1022 bp, consisting of a 73 bp 5′-terminal untranslated region (UTR), a 355 bp 3′-terminal UTR, and a 594 bp open reading frame coding for a protein of 197 amino acids. Carp NKEF-B contained two consensus Val-Cys-Pro (VCP) motifs and three consensus cysteine (Cys-51, Cys-70 and Cys-172) residues. Sequence comparison showed that the deduced amino acid sequence of carp NKEF-B had an overall similarity of 74–96% to that of other species homologues. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that carp NKEF-B forms a cluster with other known teleost NKEF-Bs. Then, by PCR we obtained a 5.1-k long genomic DNA of carp NKEF-B containing six exons and five introns. Real-time RT-PCR results showed that carp NKEF-B gene was predominantly detected in kidney and head kidney under un-infected conditions. Whereas under SVCV-infection condition, the expression of NKEF-B gene was significantly increased in blood cells, gill, intestine and spleen, but maintained in liver, and decreased significantly in kidney and head kidney. Finally, the rNKEF-B was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli. By using an antibody against carp rNKEF-B, immunohistochemical study further indicated that NKEF-B positive cells are mainly some RBCs and a few epithelial cells in gill and intestine, and that under SVCV-infection condition, these positive cells or positive products in their cytoplasm were mainly increased in gill and spleen sections of carp. The results obtained in the present study will help to understand the function of NKEF-B in teleost innate immunity.