提高双歧杆菌活菌制剂常温贮存稳定性的实验研究

以Ｄ８５０４青春双歧杆菌为实验３菌株,对活菌制剂常温保存的稳定性问题探讨。首先对菌种进行耐温耐氧驯化试验,然后进行双歧杆菌菌体冻干过程中加入适宜保护剂试验。结果双歧杆菌活菌制剂常温保存的稳定性显著提高。经常温贮存２７０ｄ后检测,质量符合规定。     

双歧杆菌活菌制剂治疗烧伤腹泻的临床观察与分析

本研究采用双歧杆菌活菌制剂治疗烧伤后腹泻病人２６例,发现腹泻时患者肠道菌群发生明显变化：总菌量下降,厌氧菌中的双歧杆菌、类杆菌的数量明显减少,念珠菌的数量明显升高,厌氧菌与需氧菌比例下降,发生菌群失调。喂服双歧杆菌活菌制剂后,双歧杆菌数量增加,需氧、厌氧菌比例下降,患者失调的肠道菌群趋向正常,腹泻停止。双歧杆菌的服用重建了肠道菌群微生态平衡,达到治疗腹泻的目的     

酷酸梭菌——婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对人体肠道菌群的调节试验

目的 观察酷酸梭菌－－婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对受试人群肠道菌群的影响。方法 检测受试者服用前后的肠道菌群并计数。结果 肠杆菌、肠球菌、拟杆菌的数量无明显变化,双歧杆菌、乳杆菌的数量明显增加,差异有非常显著性（Ｐ〈０．０１）,结论 酪酸梭菌－－婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂具有一定的调节人体肠道菌群、增殖双歧杆菌和乳杆菌的作用。     

口服双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊制剂对 2型糖尿病患者的辅助治疗作用

目的探讨双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊制剂辅助治疗对新诊断2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者肠道双歧杆菌及胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法 86例新诊断T2DM患者随机分为两组。两组均给予饮食调整和适量运动等基础治疗。对照组给予阿卡波糖联合甘精胰岛素控制血糖;观察组在对照组基础上加用双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊制剂630mg/次,2次/d,温水口服,连用12周。观察两组患者治疗前与治疗12周后血糖达标情况、肠道双歧杆菌数量及胰岛素抵抗的变化。结果治疗12周后,观察组患者空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2h血糖(2hPG)和糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)的达标率较对照组更高(P0.05);两组患者肠道双歧杆菌数量与胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)水平分别较前明显上升和下降,且观察组变化更显著(P0.05)。结论双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊制剂辅助治疗新诊断T2DM不仅能增加患者肠道双歧杆菌的数量,而且能改善胰岛素抵抗,有利于血糖和糖化血红蛋白达标。     

酪酸梭菌--婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对人体肠道菌群的调节试验

目的　观察酪酸梭菌——婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对受试人群肠道菌群的影响。方法　检测受试者服用前后的肠道菌群并计数。结果　肠杆菌、肠球菌、拟杆菌的数量无明显变化 ,双歧杆菌、乳杆菌的数量明显增加 ,差异有非常显著性 (P<0 .0 1) ,结论　酪酸梭菌——婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂具有一定的调节人体肠道菌群、增殖双歧杆菌和乳杆菌的作用。     

酪酸梭菌-双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对慢性腹泻患者肠道菌群的影响

给慢性腹泻病人口服酪酸梭菌-双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂,然后检测患者服药前后的肠道菌群变化.患者服用药品后,葡萄球菌、酵母菌、消化球菌、真杆菌和小梭菌的数量无明显变化,肠杆菌、肠球菌的数量明显减少,拟杆菌、双歧杆菌、乳杆菌的数量明显增加,其中肠球菌、肠杆菌、拟杆菌和双歧杆菌的变化有显著性(P﹤0.05),提示酪酸梭菌-双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对慢性腹泻病人的肠道菌群具有明显的影响、具有增殖拟杆菌、双歧杆菌和乳杆菌的作用.     

酪酸梭菌-婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂的研究

对酪酸梭菌－婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂的特性及功效进行研究和分析。方法：通过实验鼠进行刺激生长试验、活菌数测定、毒理试验、调节肠道菌群试验、免疫调节作用来观察制剂的作用。结果：小鼠肠道中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、酪酸梭菌数量明显增加,高剂量能增加小鼠抗体生成细胞数。     

双歧杆菌DM-8504活菌制剂预防化疗引起的腹泻疗效观察

２２例肿瘤化疗患者采用随机对照交叉试验,对照组采用单纯化疗实验组采用化疗＋双歧杆菌活菌制剂。结果显示双歧杆菌活菌制剂可预防化疗引起的腹泻（对照组腹泻率４５．５％,实验组为２７．３％）,并可改善腹珠反应程度（重度腹泻率对照组为１８．２％,初级组为４．５％）,有统计学差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）,提示双歧杆菌活菌制剂预防化疗引起的腹泻疗效确切。     

双歧杆菌活菌制剂对慢性乙肝病人细胞免疫功能影响的观察

在应用双歧杆菌活菌制剂治疗慢乙肝期间,重点观察了Ｔ细胞亚群（ＣＤ３,ＣＤ４,ＣＤ８）、ＮＫ细胞（ＣＤ（１６））、白细胞介素Ⅱ（ＩＬ－２）分泌细胞、肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）等细胞免疫指标治疗前后的动态变化,同时观察了病人血内毒素水平的动态变化和乙肝病毒标志物（ＨＢＶＭ）的改变。结果表明：（１）与对照组比较,双歧杆菌活菌制剂可使慢乙肝病人ＣＤ３＋,ＣＤ４＋数目明显增多,而对ＣＤ８＋细胞数目无明显影响;（２）双歧杆菌活菌制剂可使ＣＡＨ组的ＣＤ１６＋细胞显著增多（ｐ＜０．０５）;使ＣＡＨ组和ＣＰＨ组的ＩＬ－２分泌细胞均有非常显著和显著增加（分别ｐ＜０．０１和ｐ＜０．０５）;（３）ＣＡＨ组病人血中内毒素和ＴＮＦ水平在双歧杆菌活菌制剂治疗后,匀出现非常显著降低（ｐ＜０．０１）;ＣＰＨ组ＴＮＦ水平较对照组无显著变化,但内毒素水平较对照组显著降低（ｐ＜０．０５）;（４）满疗程后（６０天）ＣＡＨ组有６例,ＣＰＨ组有５例ＨＢｅＡｇ阴转（分别为２６．０６％和２５．０％）,而对照组仅２例阴转（１３．３３％）,两治疗组与对照组比较有显著性差异（ｐ＜０．０５）。     

口服短小双歧杆菌活菌制剂对机体免疫功能的增强效应

探讨短小双歧杆菌（Bifidobacteriumbreve）对正常机体免疫功能的影响及对免疫低功机体的免疫功能调整作用。以环磷酰胺制备免疫低功模型,检测活菌制剂应用后,小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能,自然杀伤（NK）细胞杀伤活性,特异性抗体产生能力及IL—2诱生活性等指标的变化。结果表明短小双歧杆菌活菌制剂口服后可显著提高小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能,NK细胞杀伤活性,特异性抗体产生能力3项指标,IL—2诱生活性与对照组相比有一定提高,但差异无显著性。结果提示短小双歧杆菌对提高正常机体的免疫功能,对免疫低功机体有明显的调整作用。     

ICU机械通气并发下呼吸道医院感染病原菌的调查分析

目的：分析ICU机械通气并发下呼吸道医院感染病原学构成及耐药情况。为临床防治提供依据。方法：对我院1996年6月-1999年6月3间ICU收住的98例机械通气合并下呼吸道医院感染患者的致病菌及药敏结果进行回顾性调查。结果：共检出致病毒128株,其中革兰阴性细菌（G^-菌）占66.4%（85株）,革兰阳性细菌（G^ 菌）占25.8%(33株）,真菌占7.8%(10株）;前四位致病菌分别为铜绿假单胞菌（24株）,革兰阳性细菌（G^ 菌）占25.8%(33株）,真菌占7.8%(10株）;前四位致病菌分别为铜绿假单胞菌（24株）,金黄色葡萄球菌（22株）,不动杆菌属（21株）,肠杆菌属（18株）,药敏结果显示这类菌株多重耐药现象严重。结论：ICU机械通气并发下呼吸道医院感染病原体构成以G^-菌为主,其药敏试验呈多重耐药,临床应重视病原学检查,开展细菌耐药性监测,合理使用抗菌药物。     

呼吸机相关性肺炎的常见病原菌耐药性分析

目的:探讨呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)的常见病原菌并分析其耐药性,为临床治疗提供依据。方法:选取我院收治的135例VAP患者的临床资料,分析其病原菌分布以及抗菌药物的耐药性。结果:135例患者中共分离出183株病原菌,其中革兰氏阴性菌135株(占73.77%),革兰氏阳性细菌33株(占18.03%),真菌15株(占8.20%)。革兰氏阴性菌主要为鲍曼不动杆菌,占35.52%,革兰氏阳性细菌主要为金黄色葡萄球菌,占9.84%,革兰阳性菌无一对万古霉素耐药,除了米诺环素总耐药率为42.42%外,其余病原菌对于常用的药物总耐药率均大于60.0%,革兰阴性菌普遍存在多药耐药现象。结论:引起VAP患者感染的主要致病菌为革兰阴性菌群,且存在严重的多重耐药现象,在临床上应加强对VAP疾病的预防和控制,合理应用抗菌药物。     

Antibiotic resistance of gram-negative enteric bacteria from pigs in three herds with different histories of antibiotic exposure

The antibiotic resistance patterns of gram-negative fecal bacteria from pigs in three herds with different histories of antibiotic exposure were examined. In general, smaller proportions of antibiotic-resistant or multiply resistant fecal isolates (P less than 0.05) were obtained from pigs in a herd not exposed to antimicrobial agents for 154 months than from pigs in a herd continuously exposed to antimicrobial agents at subtherapeutic doses or from pigs in a herd exposed only to therapeutic doses of antimicrobial agents. The proportions of antibiotic-resistant and multiply resistant strains were greater among isolates from pigs in the therapeutic herd than in the non-antibiotic-exposed herd (P less than 0.05). The proportion of antibiotic-resistant isolates in the non-lactose-fermenting population was greater than that in the lactose-fermenting population, regardless of herd. The results suggest that any form of antimicrobial exposure will increase the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and multiple resistance of fecal bacteria.     

Antibiotic resistance of gram-negative enteric bacteria from pigs in three herds with different histories of antibiotic exposure.

The antibiotic resistance patterns of gram-negative fecal bacteria from pigs in three herds with different histories of antibiotic exposure were examined. In general, smaller proportions of antibiotic-resistant or multiply resistant fecal isolates (P less than 0.05) were obtained from pigs in a herd not exposed to antimicrobial agents for 154 months than from pigs in a herd continuously exposed to antimicrobial agents at subtherapeutic doses or from pigs in a herd exposed only to therapeutic doses of antimicrobial agents. The proportions of antibiotic-resistant and multiply resistant strains were greater among isolates from pigs in the therapeutic herd than in the non-antibiotic-exposed herd (P less than 0.05). The proportion of antibiotic-resistant isolates in the non-lactose-fermenting population was greater than that in the lactose-fermenting population, regardless of herd. The results suggest that any form of antimicrobial exposure will increase the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and multiple resistance of fecal bacteria.     

Antimicrobial activities of diterpene dialdehydes, constituents from myoga (Zingiber mioga Roscoe), and their quantitative analysis

The antimicrobial activities of the three diterpene dialdehydes, miogadial, galanal A and galanal B, isolated from flower buds of the myoga (Zingiber mioga Roscoe) plant were investigated with some strains of bacteria, yeasts and molds. Among the three compounds, miogadial exhibited relatively greater antimicrobial activity than the others against Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts. Galanals A and B also behaved as antimicrobial agents against Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts. The content of miogadial in the flower buds was much higher than that in the leaves, whereas galanals A and B were contained at high levels in the leaves and rhizomes.     

临床病原菌种类及耐药性监测

目的 探讨病原菌种类及其对抗菌药物的耐的耐药状况。方法 收集１９９８年１月－１９９９年１２月临床感染标本分离的病原菌并分析其种类,药敏试验采用Ｋｉｒｂｙ－Ｂａｕｅｒ纸片扩散法。结果 １１８２株病原菌,革兰氏阳性球菌６０４株（５１．１％）,革兰氏阴性杆菌５７８株（４８．９％）。病原菌以金黄一萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、表皮葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌最多见。去甲万古霉素、阿米卡星、新霉素对革兰氏阳性球菌抗菌作用较     

Variation in Colonial Morphology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae After Growth on Media Containing Antimicrobial Agents

Stable colonial types 1, 2, 3, and 4 were prepared from eight strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Four of the strains, termed laboratory strains, had been transferred over 100 times; three strains, termed clinical strains, were transferred only three to five times after isolation from patients, and one stabilized clinical strain was transferred purposefully 30 times after isolation from a patient. Colonial types of the three categories were grown on four media containing the following agents at the level used in diagnostic media: (i) vancomycin, colistin, and nystatin; (ii) these antibiotics plus trimethoprim lactate; (iii) trimethoprim lactate alone; and (iv) a control with no antimicrobial agents. When grown on media containing the antimicrobial agents, colonial types 1, 2, and 3 of all strains showed specific and consistent changes that precluded accurate identification of the types. In general, the colonies were smaller, more dense to transmission of light, and more granular than colonies grown on control medium. More colonies showed these type changes in the clinical strains and on media containing trimethoprim lactate. Colonies of type 4 showed little or no change. The changes in colonial morphology of types 1, 2, and 3 were pronounced enough to make colony typing difficult if the antimicrobial agents, particularly trimethoprim lactate, were present in media.     

糖尿病患者足部溃疡感染的病原菌分布及药敏性分析

目的:研究糖尿病患者足部溃疡感染的病原菌分布及药敏性。方法:选取2016年2月至2017年2月我院收治的糖尿病足患者102例作为研究对象,采用全自动细菌鉴定仪和Kirby-Baure(K-B)法分别检测所有患者足部溃疡分泌物中病原菌分布和药敏性。结果:96例成功分离出菌株的糖尿病患者足部溃疡分泌物中共分离出107株菌株,其中革兰阴性菌61株(57.01%)、革兰阳性菌43株(40.19%)和真菌3株(2.80%),占总菌株百分比前三位的病原菌分别为金黄色葡萄球菌22株(20.56%)、奇异变形杆菌14株(13.08%)和肺炎克雷伯菌10株(9.35%);前三位革兰阴性菌(奇异变形杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌)对亚胺培南、美罗培南、头孢哌酮及阿米卡星的敏感性较高(高于90.00%);金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌对万古霉素、利奈唑胺及利福平敏感性较高(高于95.00%);粪肠球菌对红霉素、氨苄西林、万古霉素及利奈唑胺敏感性较高(高于90.00%)。结论:糖尿病患者足部溃疡感染的病原菌以金黄色葡萄球菌和奇异变形杆菌为主,耐药情况严峻,临床诊疗过程中应根据药敏结果规范使用抗菌药物。     

Evaluation of different antimicrobial agents used as selective supplements for isolation and recovery of Yersinia enterocolitica

Seventeen antimicrobial agents were evaluated separately or in combination for their efficiency as selective supplements in a broth medium against six different serotypes of Yersinia enterocolitica and 20 selected strains of different Gram-negative bacteria. Irgasan (DP300, 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol) at a concentration of 4 μg ml^-1 inhibited the growth of most Gram-negative bacteria with the exceptions of Aeromonas hydrophila, Morganella morganii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia liquefaciens. Other antimicrobial agents incorporated in the growth medium, separately or in combination with Irgasan, either inhibited some strains of Y. enterocolitica or did not inhibit the growth of Irgasan-resistant Gram-negative bacteria.     

Effects of antimicrobial treatment on fiberglass-acrylic filters

AIMS: The aims of the present study were to: (i) analyse a group of antimicrobial agents and to select the most active against test microbial strains; (ii) test the effect of the antimicrobial treatment on air filters in order to reduce microbial colonization. METHODS AND RESULTS: Different kinds of antimicrobial agents were analysed to assess their compatibility with the production process of air filter media. The minimal inhibitory concentration for each antimicrobial agent was determined against a defined list of microbial strains, and an antimicrobial activity assay of filter prototypes was developed to determine the most active agent among the compatible antimicrobials. Then, the most active was chosen and added directly to the filter during the production process. The microbial colonization of treated and untreated filter media was assessed at different working times for different incubation times by stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope analysis. Some of the antimicrobial agents analysed were more active against microbial test strains and compatible with the production process of the filter media. Filter sections analysis of treated filter media showed a significantly lower microbial colonization than those untreated, a reduction of species both in density and varieties and of the presence of bacteria and fungal hyphae with reproductive structures. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the ability of antimicrobial treatments to inhibit the growth of micro-organisms in filter media and subsequently to increase indoor air quality (IAQ), highlighting the value of adding antimicrobials to filter media. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: To make a contribution to solving the problem of microbial contamination of air filters, by demonstrating the efficacy of incorporating antimicrobial agents in the filter media to improve IAQ and health.