人前列腺特异膜抗原膜外区基因的克隆表达及抗体的制备

利用RT PCR技术 ,从前列腺癌组织总RNA中扩增人前列腺特异膜抗原 (PSMA)基因编码区序列 ,克隆至pcDNA3.1载体 ,以此为模板再次PCR扩增出PSMA膜外区cDNA(edPSMA) ,序列测定表明克隆获得的PSMA及edPSMA与基因库所登录的序列相一致。构建原核表达质粒pMAL c2x edPSMA ,经IPTG诱导表达的MBP edPSMA融合蛋白分子量约 12 0kD ,Westernblot证实表达产物可特异地与PSMA单克隆抗体 4G5结合。用直链淀粉琼脂糖凝胶 (Amyloseresin)亲和层析纯化蛋白质可得到电泳均一的融合蛋白 ,免疫BALB C小鼠制备多抗 ,获得效价为 1∶12 80 0的多克隆抗体 ,该抗体可用于前列腺癌组织标本PSMA表达的检测     

抗菌肽Magainin基因的克隆及其在Pichia pastoris中的表达

用化学合成法合成了以酵母偏爱密码子编码的抗菌肽magainin基因片段 ,合成片段拼接后 ,与pUC19重组 ,获得magainin基因 .Magainin基因与酵母表达载体pPIC3重组 ,构建胞内表达载体pPIC3 Mag ,电击法转化GS115宿主菌 ,经表型筛选和PCR鉴定证实了目的基因已稳定整合入Pichiapastoris酵母基因组中 .阳性克隆用甲醇诱导表达 ,用免疫印迹法确定了产物的正确性 .利用琼脂孔穴扩散法和液相测定法证明了重组magainin具有抗菌活性     

PSMA、CD44v6在前列腺癌组织中的表达及相关性研究

目的探讨PSMA、CD44v6在前列腺癌中的表达及其与临床特征的关系,为临床预测前列腺癌的转移潜能及预后、指导治疗提供客观有效的指标。方法采用免疫组化S-P法检测PSMA、CD44v6在前列腺癌、前列腺增生及正常前列腺组织中的表达情况。结果PSMA在前列腺癌组织与前列腺增生组织中的表达无显著性差异;肿瘤分化程度低及有淋巴结转移者PSMA表达明显高于分化程度高及无淋巴结转移者。CD44v6在正常前列腺组织及前列腺增生组织中无表达,在前列腺癌组织中的表达较高,并且分化程度低及有淋巴结转移者CD44v6表达明显高于分化程度高及无淋巴结转移者。结论前列腺癌组织中PSMA与CD44v6的表达与肿瘤分化程度、淋巴结转移有关,且两者的表达在前列腺癌组织中具有相关性。     

人组织型基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1在Pichia pastoris酵母中重组表达研究

 为研究组织型基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂 (TIMPs)的分子作用机制 ,探讨了在 Pichia pastoris酵母中高效表达分泌型人组织型基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂 - 1 (TIMP- 1 )的技术路线 ,并对产物性质进行初步研究 .通过 PCR从含有 TIMP- 1基因的 p BS质粒获得了该基因的全长序列 ,构建了 p PIC9/T1表达载体 ,电击法转化酵母 ,通过表型筛选和 PCR鉴定证实了目的基因已稳定整合入 Pichiapastoris酵母基因组中 .SDS- PAGE表明表达量高达 40 mg/L培养上清 .用免疫印迹法确定了产物的正确性 ;同时 ,反向明胶酶谱法证明了重组蛋白具有抑制基质金属蛋白酶的活性 .     

前列腺干细胞抗原(PSCA)的表达及其特异结合肽的筛选

通过反转录 PCR从人前列腺癌细胞中克隆了前列腺干细胞抗原 (PSCA)基因 ,在大肠杆菌中利用pQE30载体对截断型PSCA基因进行了可溶性表达。蛋白纯化后 ,利用噬菌体随机展示 12肽库筛选了PSCA蛋白的特异结合肽 ,通过与EGFP蛋白的耦联表达验证了结合肽的特异性。此特异结合肽的获得 ,为进一步研究针对PSCA的前列腺癌靶向免疫治疗奠定了基础     

人肝细胞生长因子(hdHGF)基因在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

研究了hdHGF基因在毕赤酵母中的表达 .以人胎盘mRNA为模板 ,经逆转录、重叠PCR获得hdHGF全长和成熟基因片段 .将该基因片段克隆到pPIC9载体上 ,将重组表达质粒转化巴斯德毕赤酵母 (Pichiapastoris)GS115,筛选mut+ 表型 ,经甲醇诱导可实现rhdHGF的分泌表达 .经摇瓶培养筛选出 4株表达水平较高的酵母工程菌株 ,SDS PAGE分析和Western印迹试验表明 ,产物分子量约为80kD ,5L发酵罐高密度培养已使生物量达 13 5g L(干重 ) ,发酵液上清总蛋白量为 8 0g L ,电泳结果表明rhdHGF表达水平为总蛋白的 12 3 % .     

极细链格孢菌peaT1基因在毕赤酵母中的表达与功能 分析

建立了在毕赤酵母(Pichiapastoris)中分泌表达PeaT1蛋白的技术。将来源于极细链格孢菌(Alternaria tenuissima)的基因peaT1亚克隆至酵母分泌型表达载体pPIC9K,构建了重组表达载体pPIC9K-peaT1,分别用SalI或BglII酶切线性化后电击转入毕赤酵母GS115菌株中,经MD平板筛选、PCR鉴定获得整合有外源基因的重组菌株。在α-Factor及AOX1基因启动子和终止信号的调控下,PeaT1在酵母中大量表达并分泌到胞外,SDS-PAGE检测表明表达蛋白的表观分子量约为35kD。表达蛋白上清稀释液能诱导烟草产生对TMV的抗性,其枯斑数抑制率可达到30.37%。每升表达上清液经超滤浓缩和离子交换层析可纯化目的蛋白16.13mg,该纯化蛋白能显著地促进小麦幼苗的生长。     

乙型肝炎病毒全长PreS蛋白基因在酵母中的表达

应用直接提取法从武汉地区乙型肝炎病人患者阳性血清中提取HBV基因组,以此作为模板,用引物PCR方法获得全长preS基因,该片段的DNA大小1 203bp.克隆到pUCm-T载体中,应用M13通用引物进行序列测定,与中国HBV标准株序列比较,证实基因型为Adr亚型.有24个核苷酸不同,preS基因包含3个起始密码ATG分别为preS1,preS2,和S的翻译起点.然后将preS基因克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K中,将Sal I线性化的pPIC9K-preS质粒用电击法导入巴斯德-毕赤酵母GS115His-中.通过MD-G418平板筛选和5'AOX1和3'AOX1引物PCR鉴定获得稳定重组HBV全长preS基因的His+Mut+酵母工程菌株.此酵母菌株在合适的培养条件和甲醇诱导下高效表达产生全长PreS蛋白并可分泌到培养液中,SDS-PAGE显示培养液中含有分子量约为48kDa的带;微孔ELISIA法证实表达并分泌到培养液中的PreS蛋白能够与HBV抗体阳性血清发生特异性反应.     

抗对虾白斑综合症病毒单链抗体P1D3基因在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

为了将可中和对虾白斑综合症病毒(WSSV)的单链抗体P1D3在酵母中实现表达,以原核表达载体M13噬菌粒为模板,设计带有SnaBⅠ和EcoRⅠ酶切位点的特异性引物,通过PCR方法扩增P1D3基因。经过酶切、连接反应将该基因连入大肠杆菌-酵母穿梭质粒pPIC9K上。重组质粒pPIC9K-scFvP1D3经BglⅡ线性化后,用电转化的方法转入毕赤酵母(Pichiapastoris)GS115中。通过PCR和DNA测序,挑选和鉴定阳性克隆。经甲醇诱导,P1D3在酵母中获得分泌表达。ELISA实验结果表明,酵母表达上清液中的单链抗体具有较高的WSSV结合活性,而且其活性要高于大肠杆菌所表达抗体的活性。表达条件优化后,单链抗体在酵母中最高表达量可达302mg/L,为开展对虾被动免疫研究提供了新的抗体来源。     

巴斯德毕赤酵母表达系统研究进展

巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichiapastoris)表达体系是近年发展起来的最为成功的真核表达体系。对巴斯德毕赤酵母表达系统及影响外源基因在巴斯德毕赤酵母中表达的因素进行了简要综述。     

Generation of a baculovirus recombinant prostate-specific membrane antigen and its use in the development of a novel protein biochip quantitative immunoassay

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a 100-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein identified by the monoclonal antibody 7E11-C5.3 from the human prostate tumor cell line LNCaP. Because of its significant upregulation in androgen refractory and metastatic prostate cancers, PSMA may be a useful prognostic biomarker and a target for developing novel therapeutic strategies. However, the lack of abundant pure PSMA protein and the low efficacy in immunoaffinity isolation from LNCaP cells have hampered the development of clinical assays. In order to obtain a renewable and reliable source of pure antigen, we used the baculovirus/insect cell system to express and purify a recombinant PSMA. A recombinant baculovirus containing a 6x histidine-tagged PSMA gene was generated, from which rPSMA was expressed and purified using cobalt-chelating affinity chromatography. The purity and correct molecular size of rPSMA were demonstrated by gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Glycosidase digestions showed that the oligosaccharides on rPSMA are primarily N-linked high-mannose type. Although the glycosylation is different from the native PSMA, it did not affect the immunoreactivity of rPSMA to antibodies specific for either the intra- or the extracellular domains of PSMA. Finally, the purified rPSMA was successfully used to develop a quantitative PSMA immunoassay using the novel ProteinChip surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry technology.     

A recombinant PSMA-specific single-chain immunotoxin has potent and selective toxicity against prostate cancer cells

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed form of cancer and the second leading cancer-related death among men in the Western civilization. Since no effective therapy exists for this tumor after progression beyond resectable boundaries, there is an urgent need for new treatment strategies. Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) represents an excellent target on prostate cancer cells, and therefore specific immunotherapy may be a novel therapeutic option for the management of this tumor. We constructed a fully recombinant immunotoxin (A5-PE40) from a single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) against cell-adherent PSMA and a truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE40) lacking its natural binding domain Ia. The scFv A5 was obtained from a mAb elicited with native PSMA by phage display technology and direct selection on cells carrying the antigen. The bacterially expressed and purified immunotoxin A5-PE40 specifically binds to PSMA-positive prostate cancer cells and induces a 50% reduction of viability (IC50) at a concentration of 20 pM, while PSMA-negative cells remain unaffected. Due to its high and specific toxicity this recombinant immunotoxin is a promising candidate for therapeutic applications in patients with prostate cancer.     

Is prostate-specific membrane antigen a multifunctional protein?

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a metallopeptidase expressed predominantly in prostate cancer (PCa) cells. PSMA is considered a biomarker for PCa and is under intense investigation for use as an imaging and therapeutic target. Although the clinical utility of PSMA in the detection and treatment of PCa is evident and is being pursued, very little is known about its basic biological function in PCa cells. The purpose of this review is to highlight the possibility that PSMA might be a multifunctional protein. We suggest that PSMA may function as a receptor internalizing a putative ligand, an enzyme playing a role in nutrient uptake, and a peptidase involved in signal transduction in prostate epithelial cells. Insights into the possible functions of PSMA should improve the diagnostic and therapeutic values of this clinically important molecule. prostate cancer; receptor; peptidase; endocytosis     

Expression of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in prostatic adenocarcinoma and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia

The prostatic membrane antigen (PSMA) is a protein that is expressed in the prostatic epithelium. We studied the expression of PSMA in a series of 55 patients with different stages of prostate cancer and we compared the PSMA staining in prostate cancer cells, in high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and in histologically benign prostatic epithelium for the same specimen. For this purpose archival paraffin-embedded specimens were studied by immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody 7E11-C5.3 against PSMA using the streptavidin-biotin method. The mean percentage of PSMA immunoreactivity was 56.67% in prostate cancer (CaP) cells, and 48.6% in PIN cells, which was significantly higher than benign-appearing prostatic epithelium (5.72%) (for each pair, p<0.001). PSMA expression was greater in CaP with a higher Gleason score (p=0.01), but no relationship was found with serum PSA value. We conclude that PSMA overexpression is detected in high-grade PIN and is associated with a higher Gleason score of prostate cancer. It is a potential marker for studying carcinogenesis and progression of prostate cancer.     

Recombinant Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II (Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen—PSMA)—Cellular Localization and Bioactivity Analyses

Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II (also known as Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen—PSMA) is an important marker in the diagnosis of prostate cancer, however, relatively little is known about its biochemical and structure-function characteristics. We have expressed mutant forms of PSMA and have started to address the roles of three putative domains of PSMA in its cellular localization and peptidase activity. Three mutants, a full-length recombinant PSMA (rPSMA-FL), one expressing only the proposed extracellular domain of PSMA (rPSMA-ECD) and one form omitting the proposed transmembrane domain (rPSMA-ΔTMD) have been produced in human cells via a mammalian expression vector system. We show that rPSMA-FL is associated with the cell surface membrane; so too is rPSMA-ΔTMD even though it lacks the proposed transmembrane domain, whereas rPSMA-ECD has a cytosolic localization. Only rPSMA-FL retains functional hydrolytic activity and is similarly glycosylated to PSMA found in the cultured prostate cancer cell line LNCaP.     

Expression of prostate specific membrane antigen in androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line PC-3

During the progression of prostate cancer from androgen-dependence or sensitivity to androgen-independence, the overall expression of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) increases with its appearance in plasma membrane. However, surprisingly some androgen-independent metastatic prostate cancer cell lines do not express this protein. Estradiol (E2) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) due to their recognized and strong involvement in prostate growth, development, and pathology were selected with the aim of restoring the expression of PSMA in markedly dedifferentiated prostate cancer PC-3 cells and in Du 145. E2 (10(-7)-10(-11)M) and bFGF (10ng/ml) stimulated the expression of mRNAs for PSMA (2- to 4-fold increase) that apparently were further translated and processed to its membrane form in LNCaP, PC-3, and Du 145 cells. The values of interaction force between the same anti-PSMA antibodies and all studied cells were almost identical (45-64pN), indicating antigenic similarity of the membrane form of PSMA expressed in LNCaP, PC-3, and Du 145 cells.     

Conformational and SAR analysis of NAALADase and PSMA inhibitors

Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a 110 kDa type II transmembrane protein that is expressed exclusively by prostate tumor cells and as such is a clear cellular target in the development of a new method for fast and reliable diagnosis of prostate cancer. PSMA is highly homologous to the neuropeptidase NAALADase, and it has been shown that inhibitors of NAALADase also strongly bind to PSMA. In an effort to better understand the structural basis of the inhibitory activity of more than 60NAALADase inhibitors synthesized and tested by our group, we used Monte Carlo calculations employing the Merck Molecular Force Field to explore the conformational space available to a set of PSMA inhibitors. Conformational analysis indicated that the lower the number of unique conformations accessible by an inhibitor, the greater the biological activity displayed by the compound against LnCAP cells. This suggests that the difference in activity is largely entropy based. The key conformations associated with high activity are used to develop a simple pharmacophore model that led to the design of new, conformationally restricted analogues with potentially high activity in rational drug design.     

Design and synthesis of a novel BODIPY-labeled PSMA inhibitor

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a zinc-bound metalloprotease which is highly expressed in metastatic prostate cancer. It has been considered an excellent target protein for prostate cancer imaging and targeted therapy because it is a membrane protein and its active site is located in the extracellular region. We successfully synthesized and evaluated a novel PSMA ligand conjugated with BODIPY_650/665. Compound 1 showed strong PSMA-inhibitory activity and selective uptake into PSMA-expressing tumors. Compound 1 has the potential to be utilized as a near infrared (NIR) optical imaging probe targeting PSMA-expressing cancers.