BacT／Aler3D全自动血培养仪的临床应用及评价

目的评价全自动血培养仪BacT／Aler3D的临床应用情况。方法对BacT／Aler3D全自动血培养仪检测的1853份标本,其检出的阳性率、病原菌种类及阳性检出时间进行了评估。结果1853份血培养分离出病原菌189株,阳性率为10．2％,分离出病原菌23种,最快检出时间为2h,24h以内阳性率为68．5％,48h内阳性率为87．3％,72h以内阳性率为92．3％。结论BacT／Aler3D全自动血培养仪提高血培养的阳性率,检出的细菌种类多,污染机会少,缩短阳性检出时间,而且操作简便,结果快速、准确。     

手工和仪器两种血培养结果差异性分析

目的对手工法双相血培养瓶和BACTEC9120全自动血培养仪的阳性率作回顾性分析。方法将血液标本同时接种双相血培养基和BACTEC9120全自动血培养仪配套血瓶中,将阳性结果移种血平板,如为阴性再移种巧克力平板。结果370例血培养,双相血培养瓶阳性25例,阳性率为6．76％（25／370）,树脂需氧（儿童）瓶BACTEC9120报警显示阳性59例,阳性率为15．9％（59／370）,阳性标本移种到血平板及巧克力平板阳性54例,阳性率为14．6％（54／370）,假阳性5例,假阳性率为1．4％（5／370）,共有29例树脂需氧（儿童）瓶阳性,而双相血培养瓶为阴性,P〈0．001。结论BACTEC9120全自动血培养仪提高阳性率,缩短阳性的报告时间优于传统的双相血培养基。     

需氧厌氧培养方式对甲型副伤寒沙门菌检出率的影响

目的探讨需氧和厌氧血培养方式的选择对甲型副伤寒沙门菌检出率的影响。方法使用mini VI-TAL自动荧光血培养仪或BacT/Alert 3D培养仪对18684例疑似血流感染患者血液(含骨髓)标本进行需氧和(或)厌氧培养(其中仅做需氧培养935例,仅做厌氧培养16例,需氧和厌氧配对培养17733例,每瓶注入约5 ml血液)。结果18684例血液标本,共分离到甲型副伤寒沙门菌3888例(20.81%)。在17733例需氧和厌氧配对培养中检出3613例,其中仅需氧阳性406例占11.24%(406/3613),仅厌氧阳性405例占11.21%(405/3613),需氧和厌氧培养均阳性者2802例占77.55%(2802/3613),需氧和厌氧均生长的阳性报警时间分别为(22.56±13.22)h和(26.69±15.80)h,仅需氧阳性的报警时间为(32.85±23.33)h,仅厌氧阳性的报警时间为(34.46±18.44)h。结论需氧和厌氧血培养方式获得甲型副伤寒沙门菌的阳性率相同,采用需氧和厌氧瓶配对培养可提高阳性检出率,只做厌氧或需氧培养将有11.24%或11.21%阳性病例被漏检。     

细菌自动培养仪厌氧培养的临床应用

目的 :探讨用细菌自动培养仪作厌氧培养的临床应用价值。方法 :选用 mini VITAL 全自动荧光血培养仪检测常见临床标本 5472份 (其中血液 4869瓶、胸腹水 2 40瓶、脓腔及组织穿刺液 175瓶、脑脊液12 2瓶、骨髓液 2 3瓶、胆汁及其引流液 2 1瓶、其他 2 2瓶 )厌氧培养结果 ,对其阳性检出率、检出细菌种类和时间、假阳性以及药敏结果进行综合分析和评估。结果 :设定收瓶时间为 5d,厌氧培养的阳性检出率为2 5.51% (其中胆汁 76.19% ,脓汁 57.14 % ,血液 2 5.2 8% ,胸腹水 14 .17% ,骨髓 13 .0 4% ,脑脊液 5.74% ) ;共检出各种感染菌 3 3属 77种 ,专性厌氧菌、微需氧菌和兼性厌氧菌的比例为 4.8∶ 1.0∶ 94.2 ;专性厌氧菌的平均检出时间为 (2 6.13± 2 0 .59) h;兼性厌氧菌的检出时间厌氧株比需氧株平均延长 -0 .54～ 4.7h;假阳性率 0 .16% ;药敏结果厌氧株的耐药率普遍较需氧株低。结论 :仪器厌氧培养简便、快速、安全、有效 ,是临床常见标本检测厌氧菌值得推荐使用的方法 ;与需氧培养配对应用可提高培养阳性检出率     

4 689例血培养病原菌的临床分布与种类分析

目的：了解本院血培养病原菌的检出种类及在临床各科的分布。方法：应用Bact/Alert-120全自动血培养仅对4689例血标本进行培养,标本检出病原菌按常规鉴定并分类统计。结果：检出有临床意义病原菌355株,其中肠杆菌科和葡萄球菌属的细菌为主要病原菌（35.5%和27.3%)。以2000年全年标本统计,阳性率12.5%,假阳性率0.4%。以内科,外科,儿科,传染科,血液科,新生儿科等为病区统计,病原菌种类分布有明显不同,此外,病原菌种类不同,其阳性报告时间不同。结论：应用全自动血培养仪可以缩短阳性检出时间,了解病原菌在临床各科的分布特点,有利于医师对败血症诊治,及时准确地选择药物。     

双向瓶1589份血培养结果分析

目的:了解双向瓶血培养细菌的分类情况.方法:用法国生物梅里埃公司生产的双向血培养瓶(Hemoline),对临床1 589份血液标本进行检测,阳性者用法国生物梅里埃公司生产的API系统进行鉴定.结果:分离出265株细菌共42种,阳性率为16.68%,较传统培养方法高.菌种涉及范围广,其中革兰阳性菌占56.98%,革兰阴性菌占31.70%,真菌占11.32%.结论:用Hemoline双向血培养瓶进行血培养提高了细菌检出的阳性率,增加了检出细菌的种类.     

啮齿类动物中汉坦病毒感染血清学和病原学检测方法比较研究

致病性汉坦病毒的宿主主要为啮齿类动物,其病毒感染状况是人间疫情发生的关键影响因素,可通过检测宿主动物标本中病毒基因组RNA、蛋白抗原及特异性抗体而进行监测。本研究利用367份鼠肺及鼠血标本,对双抗原夹心ELISA(ELISA)、实时荧光RT-PCR(RT-PCR)和免疫荧光(IFA)等三种分别检测抗体、核酸和抗原的方法进行比较评估。ELISA法检出抗体阳性鼠血标本46份,阳性率为12.53%;RT-PCR法检出病毒RNA阳性鼠肺标本28份,阳性率为7.63%;IFA检出抗原阳性鼠肺标本24份,阳性率为6.54%。宿主动物组织标本中检出汉坦病毒RNA和(或)结构蛋白抗原的标本,对应的血液标本中可检出病毒特异性抗体,100%(24/24)IFA检测阳性标本和89.3%(25/28)RT-PCR检测阳性标本对应血标本ELISA抗体检测阳性,反之亦然,检出抗体的标本基本包含了可检出抗原和RNA的标本。RT-PCR与IFA检测结果差异无显著性(χa2=0.64,P0.05),一致性检验Kappa系数为0.71,一致性高(Z=13.66,P0.05),首先对血标本开展基于ELISA的特异性抗体检测,可显著缩小RT-PCR或IFA法检测病毒RNA或抗原的范围(χb2=12.04,χc2=20.05,P0.05)。本研究为宿主动物汉坦病毒感染实验室监测方案优化提供了有益的依据。     

2009至2012年血培养阳性结果分析及耐药性监测

了解解放军202医院2009至2012年血培养阳性病原菌分布及耐药性监测,为临床合理选用抗菌药物提供依据。使用全自动血培养仪进行血液培养,用VITEK-2全自动微生物鉴定系统进行菌株鉴定和药敏试验。从453例血培养阳性标本中共分离出462株病原菌,其中革兰阴性杆菌274株,占59.30%;革兰阳性球菌167株,占36.14%;革兰阳性杆菌1株,占0.22%;真菌20株,占4.32%。最常见的感染菌分别为金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌。89株金黄色葡萄球菌中检出MRSA 9株,46株凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌中检出MRCoN 6株,对青霉素耐药率分别达81.35%和85.00%,革兰阳性球菌中未发现对利奈唑胺和万古霉素耐药的菌株。鲍曼不动杆菌对美罗培南耐药率高达51.7%。解放军202医院血液感染以葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌为主,且耐药率高,应对血液细菌进行长期的耐药性监测,为临床合理使用抗生素提供理论依据。     

不同种类微生物血培养阳性报警时间分析

目的分析不同病原菌在Bact/Alert 3D血培养仪中的阳性报警时间。方法收集浙江大学医学院附属第一医院2012年10月到2013年8月血培养阳性报警时间,分析病原菌种类,算出各常见病原菌阳性报警的中位时间。结果总共1 472份阳性标本:革兰阳性菌占55.2%,革兰阴性菌占37.5%,真菌占7.3%。对血培养阳性报警时间进行分析:≤12 h、≤24 h、≤48 h报警的病原菌分别为420株(28.5%)、956株(64.9%)、1290株(87.6%)。血培养阳性病原菌仪器报警中位时间分别为肠杆菌科细菌(10.8 h)、非发酵菌属(13.9 h)、链球菌属(14.6 h)、肠球菌属(14.5 h)、葡萄球菌属(22.3 h)、真菌(43.4 h)。大肠埃希菌(10.1 h)、鲍曼不动杆菌(10.8 h)、阴沟肠杆菌(10.8 h)、肺炎克雷伯杆菌(11.1 h)阳性报警中位时间相近,都≤12 h。结论根据全自动血培养仪对不同种类微生物阳性报警时间的差别,可初步判断病原菌的生长和类型,第一时间指导临床医师准确、合理选择抗菌药物。     

229例血培养阳性结果分析

目的研究血液感染的微生物种类分布及病因。方法5 m l血标本在优快双相血培养瓶内于恒温(35±1)℃培养箱孵育,分离阳性标本菌落,采用“第2代15 e系统”进行细菌鉴定,并做药敏试验。结果2 310例血培养标本共分离出229株细菌,其中革兰阴性菌198株占86.46%,革兰阳性菌27株占11.79%,真菌4株占1.74%,阳性率从高到低为甲副伤寒菌、大肠埃希菌、洋葱假单胞菌、产碱杆菌属、金黄色葡萄球菌,分别是55.89%、6.55%、5.24%、3.93%、2.62%。沙门菌占65.06%,分离自感染内科及门、急诊科,大肠埃希菌主要见于感染内科及内分泌科,常见菌阳性标本在孵育<24、24~48、48~76、≥76 h的阳性率依次为5.29%、46.47%、85.88%、99.40%。结论血液感染病原菌在沿海地区以沙门菌属尤其以甲副伤寒菌为主,其次为非发酵菌和葡萄球菌。快速血培养技术仍是血液感染病原学诊断的必要手段。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.