DTaP-Hib联合疫苗中Hib-TT免疫原性研究

考查DTaP-Hib联合疫苗中Hib-TT的免疫原性,对其剂量、免疫持久性和抗原相容性进行分析。将不同剂量的Hib-TT、DTaP-Hib联合疫苗分别免疫小鼠,设单价的Hib-TT结合疫苗为对照,末次免疫后1、2、4、6、8、10w分别采集血清测定血清中Hib多糖抗体滴度。结果显示,不同剂量的Hib-TT和DTaP疫苗联合后均具有较好的免疫原性,血清中Hib多糖抗体阳转率达100%,并具有剂量效应和较好的免疫持久性。2.5μg剂量Hib-TT的DTaP-Hib联合疫苗免疫小鼠后1~2w诱导产生的Hib多糖抗体水平显著性地低于单价Hib-TT(P<0.05),4~10w,二者的Hib多糖抗体水平无显著性差异(P>0.05)。5μg剂量Hib-TT的DTaP-Hib联合疫苗在免疫小鼠后1w诱导产生的Hib多糖抗体水平与单价2.5μg剂量Hib-TT无显著性差异(P>0.05),免后2~10w则显著性地高于单价2.5μg剂量Hib-TT(P<0.001)。Hib-TT和DTaP疫苗联合后,仍然具有较好的免疫原性、剂量效应和免疫持久性;其抗原性干扰只是暂时的。     

转基因细胞分泌乙型肝炎重组疫苗在儿童中的免疫原性初步研究

本文报告用转基因细胞B43分泌的乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原主蛋白经纯化制成的87-4批重组疫苗进行临床接种观察的结果,同时用8723-1批血源疫苗作对照。疫苗接种采用0、1、2月各接种1针的方案。重组疫苗共接种111名8～13岁儿童,分为20μg、10μg及5μg 3组,血源疫苗分为20μg、10μg 2组。所有儿童接种前检查乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原、抗体及核心抗体均阴性.20μg组1针后1个月,重组疫苗阳转率60.5％,血源疫苗为31％;2针后1个月,两种疫苗的阳转率分别为100％和72.4％;血源疫苗3针后1个月阳转率也仅79.3％。3针后1个月两种疫苗的抗体几何平均滴度(GMT)分别为492.7和207.4mIU。但重组疫苗6个月后血清抗体的GMT为628mIU。10μg组1针后1个月的阳转率重组疫苗为21.7％,血源疫苗为20.9％;2针后1个月分别为87％及62.8％;3针后1个月分别为100％及81.4％。抗体GMT分别为163.7和129.6mIU.5μg组的重组疫苗免疫后6个月100％阳转,其GMT为56mIU。结论认为无论从阳转率或几何平均滴度分析判断,重组疫苗均优于血源疫苗。     

建立膜抗原荧光抗体试验评价北京株冻干水痘疫苗免疫效果

为了建立用于水痘疫苗接种后血清中特异性抗体检测的膜抗原荧光抗体(FAMA)法,并对接种水痘疫苗后儿童血清中水痘特异性抗体进行检测,评价北京株水痘疫苗的免疫效果。以水痘带状疱疹病毒(VZV)感染细胞作为抗原制备成固定抗原玻片,以异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)标记的羊抗人IgG作为二抗建立FAMA法,并对该法的敏感性、特异性进行验证。运用此法对不同剂量北京株水痘疫苗接种后儿童血清中特异性抗体进行检测,分析儿童血清中水痘特异性抗体水平以及免后抗体阳转率,并与Oka株水痘疫苗进行比较。结果显示,FAMA法敏感性可达0.0196IU/ml,特异性好。应用此法检测300名观察者免前免后双份血清样本中抗VZVIgG,易感者中北京株水痘疫苗原苗(39810PFU/0.5ml)、2000PFU/0.5ml、500PFU/0.5ml接种组儿童血清免后抗体阳转率分别为100%、98.77%、85.42%,抗体几何平均滴度(GMT)分别为36.4、34.3、18.6,原苗与2000PFU间的抗体阳转率和GMT均无显著性差异(P>0.05),但原苗与500PFU、2000PFU与500PFU间的抗体阳转率和GMT均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。对照国产、进口Oka株水痘疫苗接种后抗体阳转率分别为95.35%、96.97%,抗体GMT分别为13.3、16.0,不同剂量北京株疫苗抗体阳转率与国产、进口Oka株疫苗相比,差别无显著性(P>0.05),但北京株疫苗原?     

国产甲型肝炎灭活疫苗用于儿童免疫效果研究

为了探讨国产甲型肝炎灭活疫苗在儿童中应用的免疫效果,选择2～15岁抗-HAV阴性健康易感儿童91名作为接种对象,采用0、6程序接种国产甲型肝炎灭活疫苗250U／剂,观察免疫后的局部反应和全身反应,并于全程免疫后一个月检测抗-HAV阳转率和抗体GMT。结果91例观察对象在初免和加强免疫后均未见即时副反应,只在8～72小时内出现轻微的一过性局部和全身反应。全程免疫后一个月抗-HAV阳转率为100％。抗体GMT为14 407mIU／ml。国产甲肝灭活疫苗在儿童中应用具有良好的安全性和免疫原性,采用0、6个月程序可获得高滴度抗体。     

儿童2剂水痘疫苗不同间隔免疫程序的比较

目的了解水痘疫苗2剂不同间隔时间免疫程序的安全性及免疫原性。方法按照随机、双盲的原则,选择符合条件的1~3岁、4~6岁、7~12岁儿童各200名,每个年龄组按照2剂间隔3个月和6个月的免疫程序,分别接种2剂冻干水痘减毒活疫苗。观察各组接种后的不良反应率,用膜抗原荧光抗体法(FAMA)检测疫苗接种前、后血清抗体阳转率、GMT水平和平均增长倍数。结果接种2剂水痘疫苗后,总体不良反应率在4%~13%;同年龄组不同间隔时间接种2剂疫苗后,不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义;不同年龄组间不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义。同年龄组不同间隔时间免前及接种2剂后,血清GMT水平差异均无统计学意义;同年龄组接种1剂与2剂水痘疫苗的血清GMT水平,两者间差异有显著性统计学意义。接种2剂水痘疫苗的GMT增长倍数高于接种1剂。不同间隔时间接种第2剂水痘疫苗后抗体阳转率差异无统计学意义;同年龄组接种2剂后抗体阳转率高于接种1剂,两者差异有统计学意义。结论间隔3个月和6个月接种第2剂水痘疫苗,在安全性及免后GMT水平、增长倍数及抗体阳转率等4个方面,两者差异均无统计学意义。     

HBsAg阴性母亲的新生儿乙型肝炎疫苗免疫后抗-HBs的动态研究

HBsAg阴性母亲的新生儿,按0、1、6个月程序接种3剂10μg乙型肝炎血源疫苗,在第一针免疫后9～48个月观察抗-HBs阳转率,发现免后12个月阳转率最高达94.23％;至48个月为81.62％。48个月后抗-HBs GMT仍有263.5mIU/ml,提示此期间不必加强免疫。抗-HBs滴度(mIU/ml)的动态规律是由高滴度(>1000mIU/ml)向低滴度推移。     

麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹三联减毒活疫苗的安全性和免疫原性研究

为了评价国产麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹三联减毒活疫苗(MMR)的安全性和免疫原性,按整体随机抽样原则,以进口同类疫苗和国产各单价疫苗作为对照,开展现场临床观察;比较不同疫苗组免疫后的反应率、抗体阳转率、保护率及几何平均滴度(GMT)。试验组与对照组接种后,除了试验疫苗的中、强发热反应率高于进口对照疫苗的发热反应率(8.60%与2.00%)外,未见其它有显著差异的不良反应。试验组麻疹免后抗体阳转率高于进口对照疫苗(99.5%与94.6%),麻疹抗体GMT也高于单价麻疹对照疫苗的GMT;试验疫苗与进口MMR疫苗的风疹抗体阳转率、腮腺炎抗体阳转率相比,均无显著性差异。实验研究结果显示,试验MMR疫苗与进口MMR疫苗具有相似的临床反应及良好的免疫原性。     

流感病毒裂解疫苗临床安全性和免疫原性研究

目的了解流感病毒裂解疫苗的安全性和免疫原性。方法按整群随机抽样原则,对上海市200名18~60岁健康成人进行疫苗接种后临床安全性指标(局部反应、全身反应)的监测。用微量血凝抑制试验检测血清HI抗体,比较血清抗体阳转率、抗体几何平均滴度(GMT)和增长倍数。结果接种疫苗72 h内局部反应率为7.00%;全身反应率为12.00%,其中发热反应率为7.50%,其他全身反应率为4.50%;均以轻度反应为主。H1N1、H3N2和B型免疫后抗体阳转率分别为63.49%、74.07%和56.08%,抗体GMT分别为1∶170.10、1∶128.85和1∶446.79,免疫后比免疫前分别增长到6.93倍、8.72倍和4.90倍。结论此流感病毒裂解疫苗的临床安全性和免疫原性均较好。     

伤寒Vi-rEPA结合疫苗在小鼠中的免疫原性研究

以伤寒Vi多糖疫苗及结合物含量分别为20％、40％、60％的伤寒Vi-rEPA结合疫苗经皮下免疫小鼠后眼眶采血分离血清,用ELISA法测血清抗体浓度。血清抗体分析表明,伤寒Vi多糖疫苗和伤寒Vi-rEPA结合疫苗均有良好的免疫原性,但伤寒Vi-rEPA结合疫苗的免疫原性优于伤寒Vi多糖疫苗;伤寒Vi多糖疫苗无加强免疫应答效应,而伤寒Vi-rEPA结合疫苗有加强免疫应答效应;不同高分子结合物含量的伤寒Vi-rEPA结合疫苗免疫小鼠,其结合物含量为40％、60％的伤寒Vi-rEPA结合疫苗比结合物含量为20％的结合疫苗具有更好的免疫原性,而前二者的免疫原性无显著性差异。     

肾综合征出血热（Ⅰ热）纯化疫苗防病效果及免疫持久性观察

卫生部兰州生物制品研究所生产的肾综合征出血热纯化疫苗在陕西,湖南,浙江的出血热流行区进行了人群免疫效果观察。基础免疫三针后,中和抗体阳转率平均５０％,荧光抗体阳转率为８４．２６％,全程接种者２６４９２人,疑拟发病人１人,保护率平均为９６％。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.