冻伤大鼠血浆中抗凝血酶Ⅲ含量与活性改变的研究

本文用免疫火箭电泳地和单赂免疫扩散法对不同程度冻伤大鼠在冻后不同时间的血浆中抗凝血酶Ⅲ（ＡＴⅢ）的含量与活性的改变进行了观察,实验表明,冻后各冻伤组织 大鼠血交中ＡＴ－Ⅲ的含量一活性呈不同程度的降低,其改变３程度与冻伤程度有密切关系,冻伤愈重,其含量与活性降低愈明显,恢复亦愈慢,结果提示,并举务引起血液抗凝机制减弱,促进或引起血凝机制亢进而导致血液凝固性增强,造成冻伤组织血液徨障碍最终发生组织坏死     

蝮蛇抗栓酶对冻伤家兔血凝系统某些指标的影响

本研究观察了家兔双后足重度冻伤后用蝮蛇抗栓酶（０．２５Ｕ／ｋｇ体重加入２０ｍｌ／ｋｇ体重生理盐水中,耳缘静脉点滴）进行治疗后其血凝系统某些指标的改变。结果表明,重度冻伤后家兔的出血时间及凝血时间明显缩短,血小板功能呈不同程度的改变,血浆纤维蛋白原含量增加,血液处于高凝状态;用蝮蛇抗栓酶治疗后,上述各项指标均有不同程度的改善,结果提示,蝮蛇抗栓酶可明显缓解冻伤所致的血凝增强的病变过程,这对重度冻伤的治疗将起到重要作用     

缺氧条件下冻伤对大鼠微循环血液灌流量的影响

本文采用体重２００±２０ｇ健康雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠,随机分为平原冻伤（ＦＮ）组、急性缺氧冻伤（ＦＡＨ）组和缺氧习服缺氧冻伤（ＦＨＡＣ）组,实验观察了大鼠右后肢重度冻伤前后各组大鼠双后肢皮肤微循环灌流量的改变。结果表明,平原冻伤使大鼠双后肢微循环灌流量明显减少,提示局部重度冻伤对微循环的影响不只局限于冻区也涉及到对侧肢体。冷冻前ＦＡＨ组大鼠微循环灌流量已明显低于ＦＮ组,表明急性缺氧时血容量进行代偿性的再分配,使微循环灌流量减少;ＦＡＨ组大鼠冻后双后肢微循环灌流量的改变结果提示急性缺氧可加重其冻伤对微循环的损伤程度。ＦＨＡＣ组大鼠冻前微循环灌流量非常明显地低于正常对照,也明显低于急性缺氧对照,表明缺氧习服可造成微循环障碍;ＦＨＡＣ组大鼠冻肢微循环灌流量非常明显地低于ＦＮ组,提示缺氧习服加重高原冻伤引起的微循环障碍。     

冷习服大鼠血管内皮细胞适应性改变与抗冻能力的研究

本文观测了冷习服大鼠及其冻伤后血管内皮细胞（ＶＥＣ）的某些功能的变化。结果表明,与未习服组比,冷习服鼠循环血中ＶＥＣ计数显著增加,血中６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α和ＴＸＢ２含量明显升高,而Ｔ／Ｐ比值接近,血清血管紧张素Ⅰ转换酶（ＡＣＥ）活性减低。冻伤后未习服组这些指标除ＡＣＥ显著降低外,其余均急剧升高;而冷习服组仅见短暂轻微的改变或改变不明显,且其冻足组织活存面积亦显著增加。表明冷习服后,ＶＥＣ发生了代谢更新率加快、功能增强的适应性改变,有利于提高机体对寒冷损伤的应激和修复能力     

缺氧条件下冻伤对大鼠微循环液血灌流量的影响

本文采用体重２００±２０ｇ健康雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠,随机分为平原冻伤（ＦＮ）组,急性缺氧冻伤（ＦＡＨ）组和缺氧习服缺氧冻伤（ＦＨＡＣ）组,实验观察了大鼠右后肢重度冻伤前后各组大鼠双后肢皮肤微循环灌流量的改变,结果表明,平原冻伤使大鼠以后肢微循环灌流量明显减少,提示局部重度冻伤对微循环的影响不只局限于冻区也涉及到对侧肢体,冻冻前ＦＡＨ组大鼠微循环灌流量已明显低于ＦＮ组,表明生缺氧时血容量进行代偿性的     

缺氧习服对冻伤大鼠骨骼肌耗氧量的影响

目的与方法使用生物组织氧耗测量系统测定了常氧冻伤(FN)、急性缺氧冻伤(FAH)和缺氧习服缺氧冻伤(FHAC)大鼠后肢重度冻伤前后腓肠肌耗氧量的变化,以探讨缺氧习服加重冻伤组织损伤的机理.结果冻前,FHAC组腓肠肌耗氧量降低26.2%.冻后1d,FN、FAH和FHAC组腓肠肌耗氧量为5.93±0.66,4.74±1.87和0.76±0.39[kPa/(g*min)],分别较各自冻前水平降低76.3%,77.9%和95.9%,FHAC组明显低于其余两组;冻后5d三组的耗氧量分别恢复至各自冻前水平的62.8%、44.9%和28.8%,FHAC组仍明显低于其余两组,提示缺氧习服冻伤后骨骼肌代谢率降低更明显,恢复更缓慢.结论缺氧习服和冻伤均使腓肠肌耗氧量明显减少,二者的叠加使缺氧习服大鼠冻后腓肠肌耗氧量进一步降低,表明组织代谢的变化是影响冻伤组织损伤及修复的主要因素之一.     

高原冻伤大鼠骨骼肌腺苷酸含量的变化

本文以ＨＰＬＣ测定了冷冻前后平原冻伤（ＦＮ）、急性缺氧冻伤（ＦＡＨ）和缺氧习服缺氧冻伤（ＦＨＡＣ）大鼠冻肢腓肠肌中三种腺苷酸含量的变化。模拟６０００ｍ间断性缺氧习服４周大鼠腓肠肌ＡＴＰ含量明显减少,ＡＤＰ和ＡＭＰ含量明显增高;而急性缺氧４ｈ大鼠与ＦＮ组大鼠腓肠肌三种腺苷酸含量无明显差异。冻后２４ｈ各组大鼠冻肢腓肠肌三种腺苷酸含量均明显减少。冻后１２０ｈ三种腺苷酸含量均有不同程度的增高：ＦＮ组腓肠肌ＡＴＰ、ＡＤＰ含量恢复较快,ＦＨＡＣ组ＡＭＰ含量明显高于ＦＮ和ＦＡＨ组。除冻前ＡＴＰ／ＴＡ、ＡＭＰ／ＴＡ及冻后ＡＭＰ含量的变化与组织损伤程度一致外,其余未见一致性的变化。讨论了冻伤后腺苷酸减少的可能原因。作者认为能量代谢变化在平原冻伤与高原冻伤发病中的作用不尽相同;ＡＭＰ降解过程中生成的氧自由基在高原冻伤组织损伤中的作用需进一步研究证实。     

低氧条件下重度冻伤家兔血凝系统某些因素的改变及其治疗的研究

血液循环障碍是重度冻伤组织坏死的主要原因 ,而冻后血液凝固性质的改变在血液循环障碍中起了十分重要的作用 ;研究表明低氧可以加重冻伤损伤程度。本研究对低氧条件下重度冻伤家兔血凝系统某些因素的改变进行了观察 ,并探讨了抗栓、溶栓、稀释血液等综合治疗措施对其治疗作用 ,以进一步阐明高原冻伤的发病机制、为其防治措施提供依据。1　材料与方法(1)实验动物与分组　实验采用体重 2 .5～ 3.0ｋｇ的健康雄性大耳白家兔 (军事医学科学院动物中心提供 ) ,动物单笼喂养 ,饲混合块料 ,随意饮水 ,室温 (2 0± 2 )℃ ,光照 12ｈ/ｄ ,饲养一周后…     

急、慢性缺氧对大鼠凝血机能的影响

本文讨论了实验性缺氧对大鼠凝血机能产生的影响。实验结果表明,大鼠在模拟8000米高度两小时后,血小板凝聚性、血小板因子3活性明显增加,纤溶活性下降,同时,纤维蛋白原含量和因子X也明显下降。大鼠在模拟7000米经36天间歇性慢性缺氧,血小板计数、血小板凝聚性,血小板因子3活性、纤维蛋白原含量、因子X活性均显著增加,部分凝血活酶时间缩短、纤溶活性下降,明显地出现凝血增强的趋势。本文还讨论了抗缺氧药物复方党参、异叶青兰对人鼠急性缺氧时凝血机能的影响。     

免疫复合物参与冻伤大鼠冻结-融化损伤的研究

目的：了解体液免疫在冻结性冻伤损伤病理生理过程中的作用,为冻结性冻伤的预防和治疗提供依据。方法：实验采用Wistar大鼠冻结性冻伤模型,在冻伤前及冻伤后4h、1d、3d和5d测量三种免疫球蛋白（IgG、IgA和IgM）、两种补体（C3和C4）和血清循环免疫复合物的含量;用免疫荧光标记技术检测骨骼肌中的组织免疫复合物含量;用免疫粘附法观察红细胞表面免疫复合物含量变化。结果：大鼠冻伤后血清IgG急剧下降,冻后4h下降至最低值。IgA在冻伤后1d达到最低。血清IgM浓度在冻伤后逐渐增高,冻后5d继续上升。血清循环免疫复合物浓度在冻后逐渐增高,冻后1d达峰值,为冻前的28、8倍（P〈0.01）。冻伤后1d大鼠骨骼肌开始出现免疫复合物沉积。红细胞表面免疫复合物含量明显高于冻前,冻后3d达到高峰（P〈0．01）。结论：研究结果表明,冻结性冻伤是一种免疫复合物相关性疾病,对此国内、外尚未见报道。     

Can Carnosine Prevent the Aging-Induced Changes of Blood Platelet and Brain Regional Monoamine Oxidase-A mRNA in Relation to its Activity?

It is well known that the monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity deregulates during aging along with anti-oxidant activity. Carnosine (β-Ala-l-His) is an endogenous dipeptide biomolecule, having both anti-oxidant and anti-glycating properties. The present study deals with the effect of carnosine on aging-induced changes in MAO-A mRNA expression of brain regions and blood platelets in relation to their MAO-A activity. Results showed that aging significantly and characteristically increased the brain regional MAO-A mRNA whereas, in blood platelets it was significantly reduced with an increase in blood platelet counts. Carnosine attenuated both aging-induced (i) increase in brain regional MAO-A mRNA expression and blood platelet count, (ii) decrease in blood platelet MAO-A mRNA expression and its (platelet MAO-A) activity without affecting the young rats’ brain regions and platelet. The present results thus suggest that carnosine attenuated and restored the aging-induced (a) increase of platelet count and (b) changes in brain regional and blood platelet MAO-A mRNA expression and (c) decrease in platelet MAO-A activity, towards their respective basal level that were observed in young rats.     

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Circadian Changes in Platelet Activation Using Anti-Gmp-140 Monoclonal Antibody

The hemostatic activity of blood shows a circadian variation with a higher frequency of acute coronary events in the morning. The thrombotic tendency of blood is influenced by many factors, including platelets. Diurnal changes of in vivo platelet activation were investigated by whole blood flow cytometry in 10 young healthy male volunteers using anti-GMP-140 (anti-α-granule membrane protein 140 kD) monoclonal antibody at 3h intervals from 06:00 to 24:00. We also studied circulating platelet aggregates to investigate whether there exists a similarity between the results of these methods. Results of flow cytometric analysis indicate that there is an increase in platelet activation during the period from 06:00 to 09:00. Platelet activation then decreases gradually during the period from noon to midnight. These changes are accompanied by a similar trend in circulating platelet aggregates. This suggests that GMP-140 expression on platelets is synchronized with or followed by platelet aggregate formation in vivo, and increased platelet activation may predispose individuals to thrombosis at this time.     

Flow cytometric analysis of circadian changes in platelet activation using anti-GMP-140 monoclonal antibody.

The hemostatic activity of blood shows a circadian variation with a higher frequency of acute coronary events in the morning. The thrombotic tendency of blood is influenced by many factors, including platelets. Diurnal changes of in vivo platelet activation were investigated by whole blood flow cytometry in 10 young healthy male volunteers using anti-GMP-140 (anti-alpha-granule membrane protein 140 kD) monoclonal antibody at 3h intervals from 06:00 to 24:00. We also studied circulating platelet aggregates to investigate whether there exists a similarity between the results of these methods. Results of flow cytometric analysis indicate that there is an increase in platelet activation during the period from 06:00 to 09:00. Platelet activation then decreases gradually during the period from noon to midnight. These changes are accompanied by a similar trend in circulating platelet aggregates. This suggests that GMP-140 expression on platelets is synchronized with or followed by platelet aggregate formation in vivo, and increased platelet activation may predispose individuals to thrombosis at this time.     

犬心肌缺血早期血小板聚集功能和冠脉侧支循环的改变

本实验在18只麻醉开胸犬观察了急性心肌缺血早期血小板聚集功能和冠脉侧支循环功能的变化。实验结果如下:阻断冠脉后心肌缺血区血液中血小板聚集率(PAgR)增大,血小板计数(PC)减少。缺血50min时,PAgR增大58.7±5.6％,PC减少39.5±23.6％,与对照值有明显差异(均为P<0.01)。与此同时,在控制血压条件下,心肌缺血早期单位压力差下冠脉侧支血流量的变化与对照值无明显差异,而根据Wyatt等公式计算的流经缺血区末梢血管的有效侧支血流量明显降低,缺血50min时较对照值降低23.5±9.7％(P<0.05)。PAgR变化与有效侧支血流量改变呈明显负相关(r=-0.887,P<0.01);冠脉侧支指数与梗塞范围呈明显负相关(r=-0.847,P<0.01)。阻断冠脉前静脉注射血小板聚集功能抑制剂阿斯匹林,可明显减轻上述各项参数的异常变化。这些结果提示,心肌缺血早期血小板聚集功能的异常变化虽然对冠脉侧支血管的血流阻力影响较小,但却使流经缺血区末梢血管的有效侧支血流量明显减小,进而扩大梗塞范围。     

The human blood platelet: its derivation from the red blood cell. II. Instantaneous changes in form in the platelet and red cell. A morphologic study

The human blood platelet arises from the interior of the red cell instantaneously as blood is either damaged or disturbed. The platelet starts out as a fine granular structure that rather suddenly changes in form and function with the passage of a very small amount of time.     

大功率微波急性辐照对血液流变特性的影响

用２．４５ＧＨｚ的连续微波对大白兔在体血液和人离体血液进行急性大剂量辐照,对辐照前和辐照后的血液粘度,粘弹性,血小板聚集性,红细胞脆性进行了实验研究,实验结果表明：微波辐照后兔血的粘度和粘弹性值降低,人血的粘度在低切变率下降低,在较高的切变率下升高;兔血小板聚集功能降低,二相聚集的解聚率增大;红细胞的脆性增大。     

大功率微波急性辐照对血液流变特性的影响

用２．４５ＧＨｚ的连续微波对大白兔在体血液和人离体血液进行急性大剂量辐照,对辐照前和辐照后的血液粘度,粘弹性,血小板聚集性,红细胞脆性进行了实验研究,实验结果表明：微波辐照后兔血的粘度和粘弹性值降低,人血的粘度在低切变率下降低,在较高的切变率下升高;兔血小板聚集功能降低,二相聚集的解聚率增大;红细胞的脆性增大。     

不同胁迫预处理提高水稻幼苗抗寒性期间膜保护系统的变化比较

通过比较盐、冷和热激三种不同胁迫预处理提高水稻(Oryza sativa L.)抗寒性过程中膜保护系统的变化,探讨植物交叉适应机理。结果表明,水稻幼苗经不同胁迫预处理均可提高幼苗的抗寒性。与未预处理苗相比,不同胁迫(冷、热、盐)预处理之间在处理后、低温伤害后及恢复2d后的3个不同时期膜酶促和非酶促保护系统及同工酶酶谱变化各有异同,既有部分共性,也有其独特性。     

THE BIOSTIMULATORY EFFECT OF RED LASER IRRADIATION ON PIG BLOOD PLATELET FUNCTION

The molecular mechanisms of laser-induced changes in the cell structure and function are not well known. The authors examined the effects of low-power laser irradiation on unnucleated pig blood platelets. The obtained results showed that laser irradiation (1–5J) caused in blood platelets lipid peroxidation (measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and super-oxide anion generation, concomitant with the release of adenine nucleotides and proteins from platelets. The maximum platelet response to laser irradiation was observed when doses of 1.8–2J were used. Our results indicate that red laser irradiation induces: (1) platelet secretory process and the release of substances stored in the specific granules (adenine nucleotides, proteins); and (2) lipid peroxidation partly due to stimulation of endogenous arachidonate and production of its metabolites reacting with thiobarbituric acid.