聚乳酸羟基乙酸纳米微球在肿瘤药物递送中的应用

药物递送载体的应用使得小分子药物、蛋白质药物,以及基因药物能够通过多种给药方式用于癌症的治疗。聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物因其具有良好的生物相容性及生物可降解性,成为广泛采用的抗癌药物载体之一,可以通过静脉、皮下、口服等多种给药途径用于化疗、基因治疗、蛋白治疗给药及接种免疫等诸多方面,显示了良好的应用前景。     

新型纳米靶向给药系统载体材料的设计

新型纳米靶向给药系统的研究与开发对于难治愈性疾病（尤其是肿瘤）的治疗具有重大意义,而其发展很大程度上取决于载体材料 的设计。构思巧妙、设计合理的载体材料能使载体实现靶向功能,将药物定位浓集于病灶部位,并最大限度地发挥高效低毒的作用。基于 不同的靶向策略,包括被动靶向、主动靶向和响应肿瘤微环境的靶向,综述了近年来一些新型纳米载体材料的设计,为新型纳米靶向给药 系统的研究提供参考。     

高分子纳米材料用于口服胰岛素递送体系

皮下注射胰岛素是控制血糖水平最有效的方法,在1型和晚期2型糖尿病患者的治疗中起着至关重要的作用。然而频繁的皮下注射给患者带来了极大的痛苦,因此,针对糖尿病的治疗,目前更倾向采用口服疗法。口服胰岛素可以模拟生理胰岛素的分泌,并对肝脏葡萄糖代谢提供更全面的调节,但胃肠道的吸收不良极大地阻碍了胰岛素口服给药的发展。纳米药物递送系统(nanoscale drug delivery systems, NDDS)的快速发展增加了胰岛素口服给药的可能性。高分子纳米材料是NDDS中一类重要的载体材料,已被广泛用于促进胰岛素口服吸收的研究。它具有生物降解性、生物相容性和储存稳定性等优点,并且其分子链长易于改性、修饰和加工成型。高分子纳米材料可以保护包裹的胰岛素不受酸性变性和酶降解的影响,促进细胞对胰岛素的摄取,从而提高胰岛素的生物利用度。讨论了口服胰岛素的主要生理障碍,总结了近几年用于口服胰岛素递送的高分子纳米材料的研究进展。     

生物医用高分子材料在药物控释系统中的应用

药物控制释放体系是继传统载药体系发展起来的一种新型的疾病治疗体系。生物医用高分子材料作为药物控释载体的研究逐渐成为热点之一。近年来,随着研究的深入,生物医用高分子材料在药物控释系统中的运用得到了广泛的发展。本文简要介绍了常用天然医用高分子材料如胶原、纤维素以及环糊精和合成医用高分子材料如聚乳酸、聚酸酐等在药物控释系统中的应用,并对这类材料的应用进行了展望。     

蛋白质药物口服的研究进展

蛋白质药物口服给药系统因其给药方便、顺应性好,逐渐成为一种最有前景的给药方式.从提高蛋白质药物生物利用度入手,综述采用结构修饰、吸收促进剂、酶抑制剂、结肠定位释药、脉冲式药物给药系统和受体介导靶向载体系统等方式,均可大大提高蛋白质药物的口服生物利用度和在胃肠道中的稳定性.     

海藻酸钠壳聚糖微球作为药物载体的研究进展

海藻酸钠壳聚糖微球是具有生物粘附性且能结合和传递大分子药物的天然高分子材料,且在生物医学领域具有广阔应用前景的药物载体。它具有生物黏附性、生物相容性、生物可降解性、对人体无毒性且能够结合和传递大分子药物的天然高分子材料。海藻酸钠壳聚糖微球作为载药微球具有提高药物的生物利用度、延长药物的作用时间等优点。国内外近些年已将其应用于药剂学领域,以及将其作为药物载体经微球化与药物结合形成给药系统的研究也在逐步开展并取得了较多成果。本文主要阐述海藻酸钠壳聚糖微球的主要生物特性、作用特点及其在医学领域中应用的研究进展,并对其应用前景进行探讨。     

长效缓释微球制剂生产技术的发展现状

长效缓释微球是将药物溶解或分散在高分子骨架材料中的微米级别的药物释放载体,这种新剂型可以显著降低给药频率,同时大分子材料的包裹可以提高药物的稳定性,降低药物的毒副作用,目前广泛应用在蛋白多肽等药物。已有一些用于治疗糖尿病、精神病、子宫内膜异位等疾病的长效缓释微球制剂被批准上市。然而,因为微球的制备工艺繁杂、质量控制困难,至今只在少数产品上应用,现在越来越多的口服难吸收的生物药物开始产品化,长效缓释微球在提高患者依从性方面备受瞩目。本综述对目前典型的微球制备技术做出分析和评判,以期对完善微球制备工艺有所帮助。     

脂质体在抗癌药物给药系统中的研究和应用

癌症,是现今威胁人类健康的一大杀手,目前常规的治疗手段之一是予以大剂量的化疗药物进行治疗。但大多数抗癌药物因具有广泛而强烈的细胞毒性,在杀伤癌细胞的同时也无选择性的杀伤了正常人体细胞,使得患者在接受治疗的同时承受了较大的痛苦,降低了癌症患者的生存质量。因而在药剂学研究中,须以提高药效、增强靶向性及降低毒副作用等为目标,合理地选择和开发抗癌药物给药系统。自脂质体作为新型药物传递技术引入癌症治疗以来,因其独特的理化性质和递药机理,高效低毒地递送抗癌药物至病灶,因而成为现今抗癌药物给药系统研究中的热点。本文结合国内外的相关资料和最新报道,综述了脂质体抗癌药物的递药优势、研究进展与存在的问题,并在分析了产业化现状的基础上,对这一新型给药系统在抗癌药物递送领域中的发展做一展望。     

综述——纳米材料与药物输递：脂质纳米粒在口服给药系统中的应用

脂质纳米粒是由固体脂肪酸或其酯类制成的一类纳米制剂,其生物相容性好、安全性好,所以在药物递送领域受到广泛关注．难溶性药物、多肽及蛋白质药物由于溶解度、跨膜能力以及稳定性等问题,导致口服生物利用度低,而利用脂质纳米粒作为其载体,口服给药后能显著改善药物的生物利用度,这使得脂质纳米粒在口服给药系统中得到了广泛的应用与研究．本文从口服脂质纳米粒的处方、制备工艺、吸收机制以及应用四个方面对其进行了详细的综述．     

最新专利文摘

本发明属生物医用高分子材料与纳米生物技术领域,具体涉及特异性单克隆抗体靶向性碳纳米管药物载体及其制备方法。本发明由聚乙二醇化的高纯度碳纳米管作为载体,HER-2特异性单克隆抗体Fab片段作为靶向分子,碳纳米管药物载体上连接有HER-2特异性单克隆抗体的Fab片段而成的药物载体。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细