慢病毒介导的靶向沉默信息调节因子1（SIRT1）的RNA干扰对肝癌细胞生长及凋亡的影响

目的探讨慢病毒介导的靶向SIRTlshRNA对肝癌细胞生长和凋亡的影响。方法Western印迹分析SIRT1在多个肝癌细胞系中的表达;通过慢病毒介导的shRNA干扰技术靶向沉默SIRT1的表达,并通过Western印迹验证SIRTl基因的沉默效果。台盼蓝排斥实验分析SIRT1基因沉默对肝癌细胞生长的影响;流式细胞术和Western印迹检测PARP蛋白的剪切物观察细胞凋亡状态。结果SIRT1在多个肝癌细胞系中表达水平明显上调;慢病毒介导的shRNA能显著抑制细胞中SIRT1的表达。流式细胞术及Western印迹结果均显示SIRT1表达沉默显著诱导了肝癌细胞的凋亡。结论慢病毒介导的靶向SIRT1shRNA显著地抑制SIRT1的表达;SIRT1基因沉默抑制肝癌细胞生长并促进了细胞凋亡。     

SIRT6基因沉默对人肝癌细胞凋亡的影响及其机制研究

该文旨在探讨慢病毒介导的沉默信息调节因子6(silent information regulator 6,SIRT6)基因沉默对人肝癌细胞凋亡的影响及其机制。逆转录PCR(RT-PCR)和Western blot分别检测人肝癌细胞系(SK-Hep-1、Huh-7、PLC/PRF/5、Hep G2)和永生化肝细胞系(MIHA)中SIRT6基因的表达水平;利用慢病毒介导的sh RNA干扰技术靶向沉默SIRT6的表达,并通过RT-PCR和Western blot验证其沉默效率;流式细胞术检测SIRT6基因沉默对人肝癌细胞凋亡的影响,进一步应用RT-PCR和Western blot检测SIRT6基因沉默对凋亡抑制蛋白基因(inhibitor of apoptosis proteins,IAPs)家族m RNA和蛋白质水平的影响;最后,应用流式细胞术分析X连锁凋亡抑制蛋白基因(X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein gene,XIAP)在SIRT6基因沉默诱导的肝癌细胞凋亡中的作用。结果显示,SIRT6基因在人肝癌细胞系中表达上调;慢病毒介导的sh RNA能抑制人肝癌细胞中SIRT6基因的表达;沉默SIRT6基因的表达能诱导人肝癌细胞凋亡,并降低XIAP的m RNA和蛋白质水平;过表达XIAP能逆转SIRT6基因沉默所诱导的人肝癌细胞凋亡。该研究结果提示,SIRT6基因沉默可能通过调节XIAP的表达从而诱导人肝癌细胞凋亡。     

Smyd1干扰真核表达质粒及其稳定转染H9c2细胞系的构建

运用RNA干扰技术(RNA interference RNAi)构建pSUPER.retro-Smyd1真核表达质粒,经鉴定后用脂质体法转染H9c2细胞,通过G418筛选出稳定表达pSUPER.retro-Smyd1的细胞系,最后经Western blot及RT-PCR实验鉴定其干扰效果。经鉴定,通过H9c2细胞系构建的pSUPER.retro-Smyd1干扰细胞系的干扰效果显著。因此,本实验成功构建了Smyd1干扰真核表达质粒及其稳定转染的H9c2细胞系,为进一步研究Smyd1基因在心脏发育中的作用奠定了良好的实验基础。     

Smyd1干扰真核表达质粒及其稳定转染H9c2细胞系的构建

运用RNA干扰技术(RNA interference RNAi)构建pSUPER.retro-Smyd1真核表达质粒,经鉴定后用脂质体法转染H9c2细胞,通过G418筛选出稳定表达pSUPER.retro-Smyd1的细胞系,最后经Western blot及RT-PCR实验鉴定其干扰效果。经鉴定,通过H9c2细胞系构建的pSUPER.retro-Smyd1干扰细胞系的干扰效果显著。因此,本实验成功构建了Smyd1干扰真核表达质粒及其稳定转染的H9c2细胞系,为进一步研究Smyd1基因在心脏发育中的作用奠定了良好的实验基础。     

小鼠CYP2E1基因靶向miRNA表达载体的构建及鉴定

目的设计并构建靶向小鼠CYP2E1基因的miRNA干扰质粒,为探索CYP2E1基因功能奠定基础。方法应用invitrogen设计软件设计两条干扰小鼠CYP2E1基因的靶向miRNA序列,合成相应的回文DNA序列,退火后分别连接到pcDNATM6.2-GW/EmGFP-miR载体上,构建两套miRNA真核表达载体CYP2E1-miR1和CYP2E1-miR2,并使用该载体特有的串联方法将两载体上的miRNA前体寡核苷酸序列进行串联成为CYP2E1-miR1-miR2;将上述重组载体分别与构建的pcDNA3.1（＋）-CYP2E1表达质粒共转染入293T细胞,RT-PCR法鉴定其干扰效果。结果经酶切及测序鉴定,针对鼠CYP2E1基因的miRNA干扰质粒构建成功,并能够有效抑制共转染入293T细胞的pcDNA3.1（＋）-CYP2E1质粒的表达,且串联质粒CYP2E1-miR1-miR2优于单独的干扰质粒CYP2E1-miR1及CYP2E1-miR2。结论小鼠CYP2E1基因的靶向miRNA表达载体构建成功。     

DLC-1基因表达对结肠癌细胞侵袭转移能力的影响

目的:研究DLC-1基因对结肠癌细胞侵袭迁移能力的影响.方法:将DLC-1 shRNA(短发夹状RNA,short hairpin RNA)序列克隆到质粒pGCsi-U6/Neo载体,采用脂质体介导的转染方法将构建的DLC-1 shRNA表达质粒转入结肠癌细胞系LoVo细胞.采用RT-PCR技术和Western Blot技术分别检测LoVo细胞中DLC-1mRNA和蛋白表达水平的变化.Transwell小室人工重组基底膜侵袭转移实验观察LoVo细胞侵袭迁移能力的改变.结果:结肠癌细胞系LoVo细胞表达DLC-1分子.所构建质粒表达载体能有效地干扰LoVo细胞DLC-1 mRNA和蛋白质表达水平;Transwell小室人工重组基底膜侵袭转移实验结果显示,转染后LoVo细胞侵袭转移能力明显增强(p＜0.05).结论:结肠癌细胞系LoVo细胞表达DLC-1基因,应用RNAi技术可特异性降低其表达.DLC-1的表达水平与结肠癌细胞侵袭转移相关.     

氧化铁磁性纳米颗粒介导缺氧诱导因子1α shRNA质粒转染逆转A549/CDDP细胞对顺铂耐药的实验研究

评价了氧化铁磁性纳米颗粒作为缺氧诱导因子1α shRNA (HIF-1α shRNA) 重组质粒载体进行体内体外转染的可行性及其逆转人肺腺癌耐药细胞株(A549/CDDP)顺铂耐性的效果,并初步探讨相关机制．在成功构建HIF-1α shRNA重组质粒后,分别利用氧化铁磁性纳米颗粒及脂质体介导质粒转染A549/CDDP细胞及其移植瘤裸鼠动物模型,荧光显微镜检测转染效率,RT-PCR及细胞免疫化学检测转染后A549/CDDP 细胞HIF-1α、多药耐药相关蛋白1(multidrug resistance 1,MRP1)、肺耐药相关蛋白(lung resistance-related protein,LRP) mRNA及蛋白质表达,免疫组化检测转染后A549/CDDP移植瘤HIF-1α、MRP1及LRP蛋白表达,MTT法检测转染HIF-1α shRNA前后A549/CDDP细胞对顺铂的耐药性,并检测转染HIF-1α shRNA后A549/CDDP细胞移植瘤的肿瘤生长指数,HE染色检测纳米颗粒转染对裸鼠肝、肾及脑的组织学毒理作用．结果显示,氧化铁磁性纳米颗粒介导转染相对效率高于脂质体介导(P < 0.01),HIF-1α shRNA转染A549/CDDP细胞后HIF-1α、MRP1、LRP mRNA及蛋白质表达下降,逆转A549/CDDP细胞对顺铂耐性82%,纳米颗粒介导HIF-1α shRNA转染A549/CDDP细胞移植瘤裸鼠动物模型后,移植瘤组织中HIF-1α、MRP1及LRP蛋白表达下降,转染HIF-1α shRNA后抑制移植瘤的生长,且与顺铂有协同效应,纳米颗粒转染后裸鼠肝、肾及脑组织无坏死．这些结果说明,纳米颗粒介导HIF-1α shRNA的体内体外转染效率高于脂质体,RNA干扰技术封闭HIF-1α基因可较大程度逆转耐顺铂人肺腺癌细胞的耐药性及其抑制瘤的生长,其作用可能与HIF-1α shRNA降低HIF-1α、MRP1及LRP表达有关,HIF-1α基因可作为逆转肺癌耐药治疗的有效靶点,磁性纳米颗粒介导HIF-1α shRNA质粒转染具有一定的生物安全性．     

沉默MDR1基因逆转SGC7901/ADM细胞对紫杉醇的耐药性

本研究利用短发夹sh RNA(short hairpin RNA)沉默SGC7901/ADM细胞MDR1基因,从而逆转SGC7901/ADM细胞对紫杉醇的耐药性。根据MDR1基因序列设计并合成编码sh RNA的DNA模板,构建3种靶向MDR1基因重组干扰载体,稳定转染SGC7901/ADM细胞,q RT-PCR检测MDR1 m RNA表达水平,Western blotting检测MDR1蛋白表达水平,MTT法检测细胞对紫杉醇的敏感性。结果表明,成功构建了靶向MDR1基因的3种重组表达载体,分别转染SGC7901/ADM细胞后均能不同程度沉默MDR1基因的表达,其中p2.1-3对MDR1沉默效果最好,m RNA和蛋白的沉默效率分别为78.5%和45%。紫杉醇对细胞的IC50值由(3.147±0.494)μmol/L降至(0.714±0.059)μmol/L,逆转率达到(78.22±1.906)%。结果表明,靶向MDR1的干扰表达载体能够抑制MDR1基因的表达,从而逆转SGC7901/ADM细胞对紫杉醇的耐药性。     

Smad4基因siRNA表达载体的构建与鉴定

目的:以Smad4基因为靶标构建小干扰RNA(siRNA)真核表达载体.方法:根据GenBank公布的人Smad4核酸序列及SiRNA设计原则,用AmbionRNAi在线软件,筛选得到2个19 bp片段为靶序列,合成两端带有Bam H Ⅰ、HindⅢ酶切位点的发夹结构寡核苷酸序列,经过退火,将此序列克隆到真核表达质粒pSilencerTM3.1-H1 neo vector中,构建成重组质粒,酶切及测序验证.脂质体介导转染人原代增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞,经G418筛选细胞克隆,并用RT-PCR检测Smad4基因的表达.结果:成功构建了pSilencerTM3.1.H1 neo-Smad4 shRNA表达载体克隆,插入片段测序结果与合成的siRNA序列一致.RT-PCR结果显示转染shRNA1、shRNA2重组质粒的成纤维细胞内Smad4 mRNA水平均降低,其中以pSilencerTM3.1-H1-Smad4 shRNA1更为明显(P＜0.01).结论:构建P-Smad4 shRNA袁达载体成功,为进一步研究Smad4基因的RNA干扰奠定了基础.     

沉默MDR1基因增强SGC7901/ADM细胞对姜黄素的敏感性

本研究利用短发夹RNA(sh RNA)沉默SGC7901/ADM细胞MDR1基因表达,增强人胃癌SGC7901/ADM细胞对姜黄素的敏感性。根据MDR1基因序列设计3对编码sh RNA的DNA模板,克隆到p Silencer 3.1-H1 neo(p3.1)上构建3种sh RNA表达载体,转染SGC7901/ADM细胞,q RT-PCR和Western blotting检测MDR1基因沉默效果,用荧光显微镜观察细胞形态,MTT法检测细胞活力。结果显示,3种sh RNA表达载体转染细胞后均能不同程度沉默MDR1基因的表达,增强了细胞对姜黄素的敏感性。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.