Molecular cloning, gene expression, purification and characterization of fermentative D-lactate dehydrogenase from S.marcescens H3010

通过PCR技术从粘质沙雷氏菌H3010基因组DNA中扩增出该D-乳酸脱氢酶基因,连接至pET-28a(+)表达载体,转入大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3)中进行了重组表达,优化了酶纯化的条件,并对其酶学性质进行初步研究.结果表明,获得的该酶编码基因全长993 bp,编码330个氨基酸,大小为37 kDa.经优化表达及纯化条件后重组酶纯度可达90％.酶学性质研究发现,该重组酶最适反应温度为60℃,最适酶促反应pH为7.5(0.2 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液),37℃下测得对底物丙酮酸的动力学参数Km =3.39 mmol/L,Vmax =6.87 mmol/( mg · min),对辅酶NADH的动力学参数Km=1.43 mmol/L,Vmax=1.61 mmol/( mg· min).为酶法生产D-乳酸及利用代谢工程构建产D-乳酸的基因工程菌打下基础.     

紫色色杆菌苯丙氨酸羟化酶的异源表达及重组酶学性质研究

来源于紫色色杆菌(Chromobacterium violaceum)的苯丙氨酸羟化酶结构简单,性质更接近于人的苯丙氨酸羟化酶,具有潜在的医药应用价值。从紫色色杆菌基因组中克隆得到苯丙氨酸羟化酶基因pah。构建重组表达载体pET24a-pah,并在Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)中实现高效表达。离子层析纯化后,重组蛋白比酶活高达503.2 U/mg。酶学性质研究显示,该重组酶的最适温度为40℃左右,50℃时PAH的半衰期为15 min;最适pH在7.5左右,在pH6-8范围内较稳定。37℃,pH7.5条件下,Km值为1.5 mmol/L,Vmax为0.5 mmol/min,kcat为5.05/s,催化效率kcat/Km为3.37 L/mmol·s。     

2型猪链球菌β-半乳糖苷酶基因的克隆表达及酶活性测定

目的:克隆表达2型猪链球菌β-半乳糖苷酶(BgaC)编码基因,并测定其酶活性。方法:根据05ZYH33基因组序列设计引物,PCR扩增bgaC基因,构建重组表达质粒pET28a-bgaC,转化E.coli BL21,筛选阳性转化子进行IPTG诱导表达,产物通过SDS-PAGE鉴定;最后对表达产物进行亲和层析纯化,获得BgaC纯化蛋白后测定其酶活性。结果:bgaC基因在原核细胞中得到高效表达,重组表达的BgaC分子质量约为69kDa,其酶促反应最适温度为42℃,最佳反应时间为30min,最适反应pH为5.5,最佳底物浓度为10mmol/L。2型猪链球菌BgaC的体外酶活为1615U/ml,酶比活为1076U/mg。结论:2型猪链球菌强毒力株05ZYH33中含有bgaC基因,在原核系统高效表达的BgaC具有良好的酶学活性。     

S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶的组成型表达、产物纯化及鉴定

将大肠杆菌(E.coli K12) S 腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶(SAMS)基因克隆至质粒pBR322中,获得的重组质粒pBR322-SAMS转入大肠杆菌JM109菌株,构建了能高效组成型表达SAMS的重组菌E.coli JM109 (pBR322-SAMS)。将重组大肠杆菌破碎后上清液经20%~40%硫酸铵分级盐析、Phenyl-Sepharose Fast Flow疏水层析和Q Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析,即可得到纯度提高5倍,比活为48.7 μ/mg的SAMS,三步纯化的总回收率为62%,纯度达到92%。SAMS表达量为1 176μ/L,占到菌体可溶性总蛋白的20%。重组酶的最适反应pH为8.5,4℃下在pH 7.5的缓冲液中保温10h酶活性几乎不改变。重组酶反应的最适温度为55℃ ,酶活性稳定的温度范围为20~35℃。重组酶的KmL Met为0.22mmol/L,Vmax L-Met为1.07mmol/(L·h),Km ATP为0.52 mmol/L,Vmax ATP为1.05 mmol/( L·h)。     

真菌产3种β-D- Glucuronidase酶学性质

分离筛选到能代谢甘草酸并产生不同产物的3株菌株,其中Penicillium sp.Li-3转化甘草酸生成GAMG,As-pergillus sp.Li-20生成GAMG和甘草次酸,Aspergillus sp.Li-62生成甘草次酸。对这3株菌表达β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶的酶学性质进行了研究,结果表明:Penicillium sp.Li-3、Aspergillus sp.Li-20和Aspergillus sp.Li-62β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶最适催化pH分别为4.2~4.6,5.8和6.2,最适催化温度为50、45和55℃。Penicillium sp.Li-3表达的β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶Km为0.328μmol/L,Vmax为0.003 5 mmol/(L.min);Aspergillus sp.Li-20β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶Km为3.61 mmol/L,Vmax为0.034 mmol/(L.min);而Aspergillus sp.Li-62β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶Km为0.43 mmol/L,Vmax为0.106 mmol/(L.min)。     

粘质沙雷氏菌H3010发酵型D-乳酸脱氢酶基因的克隆表达、纯化及酶学性质研究

通过PCR技术从粘质沙雷氏菌H3010基因组DNA中扩增出该D-乳酸脱氢酶基因,连接至pET-28a（＋）表达载体,转入大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中进行了重组表达,优化了酶纯化的条件,并对其酶学性质进行初步研究。结果表明,获得的该酶编码基因全长993bp,编码330个氨基酸,大小为37kDa。经优化表达及纯化条件后重组酶纯度可达90％。酶学性质研究发现,该重组酶最适反应温度为60℃,最适酶促反应pH为7．5（O．2mol／L磷酸盐缓冲液）,37℃下测得对底物丙酮酸的动力学参数Km=3．39mmol／L,Vmax=6．87mmol／（mg·min）,对辅酶NADH的动力学参数Km=1．43mmol／L,Vmax=1．61mmo]／（mg·min）。为酶法生产D-乳酸及利用代谢工程构建产D-乳酸的基因工程菌打下基础。     

一种不依赖钙离子的酸性α淀粉酶基因的克隆表达

以产酸性淀粉酶菌株Bacillus sp.CN7的基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增到α淀粉酶成熟肽基因,将该基因插入表达质粒pSE380中,构建重组质粒pSE380-cn7a。将重组质粒导入到Escherichia coli JM109中,IPTG诱导表达。重组酶经Sephacryl S300、Ni-NTA纯化后测定其酶学性质。重组酶CN7A的最适温度为65°C,最适pH为5.5?6.0,对可溶性淀粉的Km值为3.784g/L,最大反应速度为101.2mg/(L·min),该酶的热稳定性不依赖钙离子。     

β-脱卤酶的基因克隆表达及其酶学性质

根据GenBank中的序列设计引物,克隆芽孢杆菌中的β-脱卤酶基因(命名为bhd)。以pET30a(+)为载体、Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)-CondonPlus为宿主菌,实现了bhd的高效表达。使用HisTrapTMFF亲和层析柱纯化重组β-脱卤酶,分子量约为23.1 kD。酶学性质研究表明,纯化的重组β-脱卤酶水解3-氯丙酸制备3-羟基丙酸的最适反应体系为30°C,100 mmol/L,pH 7.0的磷酸钠缓冲液。在最适反应条件下,重组β-脱卤酶的比活为16.2 U/mg,Km和Vmax分别为3.26μmol/L和17.86 mmol/(min.g protein)。在最适反应条件下,以10 mmol/L 3-氯丙酸为底物,反应36 h的转化率在93%以上。     

极耐热性乳酸脱氢酶高效表达、纯化及酶学性质

从海栖热袍菌扩增出编码乳酸脱氢酶的基因并将其插入热激载体pHsh构建表达质粒,在大肠杆菌Escherichia coli中进行表达产生极耐热性乳酸脱氢酶Tm-LDH。基因表达产物通过热处理,可以一步获得接近电泳纯的重组酶。酶学性质研究表明,Tm-LDH的最适反应温度为95℃,最适pH 7.0;纯酶在90℃的半衰期为2 h,在pH 5.5–8.0之间最稳定;SDS-PAGE结果显示分子量为33 kDa,与理论推算值相吻合。以丙酮酸和NADH为底物时,相对于丙酮酸的Km值1.7 mmol/L,Vmax为3.8×104 U/mg;相对于NADH的Km值7.2 mmol/L,Vmax值为1.1×105 U/mg。Tm-LDH基因在T7载体中未能实现高效表达,但是在热激载体pHsh中得到了可溶性超量表达,表达水平达到340 mg/L。该酶在65℃反应条件下,活性达到最高活性的50%,并能保持活性不变,这使该酶能够与常温酶匹配,在辅酶NAD再生体系的建立中具有广泛的用途。     

2型猪链球菌葡萄糖胺-6-磷酸脱氨酶基因的克隆表达及酶活性测定

目的:克隆表达2型猪链球菌葡萄糖胺-6-磷酸脱氨酶(NagB)编码基因,并测定其酶反应体系活性。方法:根据2型猪链球菌05ZYH33基因组序列,全合成nagB基因(ssu05_0195),并将其克隆至pET32a载体,在大肠杆菌中表达;利用Ni亲和层析柱纯化表达产物,获得纯化的NagB蛋白,Western印迹鉴定后测定其酶反应体系活性。结果:在大肠杆菌中高效表达了nagB基因,重组NagB相对分子质量约为56×10~3;在25℃、pH9.5、底物浓度为15 mmol/L、反应40 min时,NagB酶促反应体系表现出最大活性;在最适条件下,2型猪链球菌中NagB酶促反应体系的体外活性为3.73 U/mL,酶比活为12.43 U/mg。结论:2型猪链球菌05ZYH33中含有编码NagB的nagB基因,在原核系统中表达的NagB蛋白具有酶学活性。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。