新疆木灵藓科植物的初步研究

在研究标本和文献的基础上,报道了新疆产木灵藓科植物３属１４种,即：瓶藓属Ａｍｐｈｉｄｕｉｍ（１种）,木棂藓属Ｏｒｔｈｏｔｒｉｃｈｕｍ（１２种）和木衣藓属Ｄｒｕｍｍｏｎｄｉａ,对它们的生境、识别特征和地理分布作了初步讨论,并编制了新疆木灵藓科植物的分属、分种检索表。     

湖南植物志资料（一）木兰科、八角科、五味子科、樟科、水马齿科补遗

本文报道了湖南植物新记录共计１１种,隶属于５科１０属．归并樟科植物３种２变种：将石木姜子ＬｉｔｓｅａｆａｂｅｒｉＨｅｍｓｌ．和近轮叶木姜子Ｌ．ｓｕｂｖｅｒｔｉｃｉｌｌａｔａＹａｎｇ归入黄丹木姜子Ｌ．ｅｌｏｎｇａｔａ（Ｗａｌｌ．ｅｘＮｅｅｓ）Ｂｅｎｔｈ．ｅｔＨｏｏｋ．ｆ．,将长梗绒楠ＭａｃｈｉｌｕｓｖｅｌｕｔｉｎａＣｈａｍｐ．ｅｘＢｅｎｔｈ．ｖａｒ．ｌｉｎｇｉｐｅｄｕｎｃｕｌａｔａＣ．Ｊ．Ｑｉ归入绒毛润楠Ｍ．ｖｅｌｕｔｉｎａＣｈａｍｐ．ｅｘＢｅｎｔｈ．,将短梗新木姜子ＮｅｏｌｉｔｓｅａｂｒｅｖｉｐｅｓＨ．Ｗ．Ｌｉ归入美丽新木姜子Ｎ．ｐｕｌｃｈｅｌｌａ（Ｍｅｉｓｓｎ）Ｍｅｒｒ．,将紫云山新木姜子Ｎ．ｗｕｓｈａｎｉｃａ（Ｃｈｕｎ）Ｍｅｒｒ．ｖａｒ．ｐｕｂｅｎｓＹａｎｇｅｔＰ．Ｈ．Ｈｕａｎｇ归入巫山新木姜子Ｎ．ｗｕｓｈａｎｉｃａ（Ｃｈｕｎ）Ｍｅｒｒ．．     

部分裸子植物叶片总蛋白分析

采用ＳＤＳ－ ＰＡＧＥ 技术, 分析了红豆杉科（Ｔａｘａｃｅａｅ） 植物南方红豆杉（ Ｔａｘｕｓ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓｖａｒ－ ｍａｉｒｅｉ （Ｌｅｍｅｅ ｅｔ Ｌｅｖｌ－） Ｃｈｅｎｇ ｅｔ Ｌ－Ｋ－Ｆｕ） 、穗花杉（ Ａｍｅｎｔｏｔａｘｕｓ ａｒｇｏｔａｅｎｉａ （Ｈａｎｃｅ） Ｐｉｌ ｇｅｒ） 、云南穗花杉（ Ａ－ ｙｕｎｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｌｉ） 、白豆杉（ Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｔａｘｕｓｃｈｉｅｎｉｉ（Ｃｈｅｎｇ） Ｃｈｅｎｇ） 以及三尖杉科（Ｃｅｐｈａｌｏｔａｘａｃｅａｅ） 、植物三尖杉（ Ｃｅｐｈａｌｏｔａｘｕｓ ｆｏｒｔｕｎｅｉ Ｈｏｏｋ－ｆ－） 、粗榧（ Ｃ－ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ （Ｒｅｈｄ－ｅｔＷｉｌｓ－） Ｌｉ） 、海南粗榧（ Ｃ－ｈａｉｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｌｉ） 、篦子三尖杉（ Ｃ－ｏｌｉｖｅｒｉ Ｍａｓｔ－） 和罗汉松科（Ｐｏｄｏｃａｒｐａｃｅａｅ） 、植 物罗汉松 （ Ｐｏｄｏｃａｒｐｕｓ ｍａｃｒｏｐｈｙｌｌｕｓ （ Ｔｈｕｎｂ－ ） Ｄ－Ｄｏｎ） 、鸡毛 松（ Ｐ－ｉｍｂｒｉｃａｔｕｓ Ｂｌ－） 、竹柏（ Ｐ－ ｎａｇｉ（Ｔｈｕｎｂ－） Ｚｏｌｌ） 、陆均松（ Ｄａｃｒｙｄｉｕｍ ｐｉｅｒｒｅｉ Ｈｉｃｋｅｌ） 共１２ 种植物的叶片蛋白, 在蛋白质水平上采用     

多荚草中的新三萜皂甙

从石竹科植物多荚草（Ｐｏｌｙｃａｒｐｏｎ ｐｒｏｓｔｒａｔｕｍ（Ｆｏｒｓｓｋ．）Ａｓｃｈｅｒｓ．ｅｔ Ｓｃｈｗｅｉｎ．ｅｘ Ａｓｃｈｅｒｓ）中分离得到３个新的柴胡皂甙类化合物：ｐｒｏｓｔｒａｔｏｓｉｄｅ Ａ￣Ｃ（１￣３）。它们的结构通过波谱方法分别鉴定为：３－Ｏ－｛β－Ｄ－ｘｙｌｏｐｙｒａｎｏｓｙｌ－（１→２）－β－Ｄ－ｇｌｕｃｏｐｙｒａｎｏｓｙｌ－（１→４）－「β－Ｄ－ｇｌｕｃｏｐｙｒａｎｏｓｙ     

10种卫矛科植物次生韧皮部的比较解剖

研究了卫矛科（Ｃｅｌａｓｔｒａｃｅａｅ）５ 属１０ 种植物次生韧皮部的结构。根据筛管分子、韧皮射线及厚壁组织的结构特征,将这１０ 种植物次生韧皮部分为３ 种类型。类型Ⅰ：筛管分子端壁倾斜,筛域数多,都为复筛板,韧皮射线大多为单列。卫矛属（Ｅｕｏｎｙｍ ｕｓ）的５ 种植物属于这一类型;类型Ⅱ：包括南蛇藤属（Ｃｅｌａｓｔｒｕｓ）和雷公藤属（Ｔｒｉｐｔｅｒｙｇｉｕｍ ）,其特征是筛管分子短,端壁倾斜度小,筛域数少,纤维不木质化,射线多列;类型Ⅲ：筛管分子多为单筛板,端壁接近水平,在不具功能韧皮部出现成簇的石细胞和纤维,射线单列或两列。属于此类型的有十齿花属（Ｄｉｐｅｎｔｏｄｏｎ）和核子木属（Ｐｅｒｒｏｔｔｅｔｉａ）     

中国蒺藜植物黄酮类化学成分分析及其化学分类学意义

采用薄层层析和高效毛细管电泳（ＨＰＣＥ）等方法,对中国蒺藜科５属的代表性植物中的黄酮类成分进行了分析研究,并结合其它分类学性状进行了初步讨论,我们同意：（１）支持Ｅｎｇｌｅｒ（１９３１）骆驼蓬亚科（Ｐｅｇａｎｏｉｄｅａｅ）地位;（２）支持Ｔａｋｈｔａｊａｎ（１９８７）白刺科（Ｎｉｔｒａｒｉａｃｅａｅ）的恢复;（３）支持ＥＩ－Ｈａｄｉｄｉｄ（１９９７）刺蔟藜科（Ｔｒｉｂｕｌａｃｅａｅ）的建立。     

中国干旱区柽柳科植物种子形态特征及其系统学意义

对中国干旱区柽柳科（Ｔａｍａｒｉｃａｃｅａｅ）植物３属７代表种的种子形态及种皮表面亚显微结构进行了观察,表明种子形态及种皮表面亚显微结构可为本科植物的分类提供有价值的信息。根据种子表皮毛着生的类型并结合外部形态特征可初步得出以下结论：（１）表皮毛可分为Ⅰ型表皮毛和Ⅱ型表皮毛,前者着生于种子表面,包括红砂属（ＲｅａｕｍｕｒｉａＬ．）和柽柳属（ＴａｍａｒｉｘＬ．）植物的一些种类;后者着生于种子顶端的芒柱上,包括柽柳属一些种类和水柏枝属（ＭｙｒｉｃａｒｉａＤｅｓｖ．）植物。（２）表皮毛的演化趋势是由Ⅰ型表皮毛向Ⅱ型表皮毛转化。（３）红砂属处于本科的原始地位,水柏枝属较为进化,柽柳属是联系两者的中间环节,本属内亦存在许多过渡类型。     

三种番茄枝科植物成分的生物活性研究

从番荔枝科植物陵水暗罗（Ｐｏｌｙａｌｔｈｉａｎｅｍｏｒａｌｉｓ,Ａ．ｅｔ,ＤＣ．）的根中分离出暗罗素（ｚｉｎｃｐｏｌｙａｎｅｍｉｎｅ）为植物中首次分得含巯基氧化吡啶的锌化合物,实验证明;具有抗疟抗霉菌等作用,但毒性较大,剂量减少则毒性亦减少,此外,从该科植物假鹰爪（Ｄｅｓｍｏｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｌｏｕｒ。）的根中分离出３个双氢黄酮及毛叶假鹰爪（Ｄｅｓｍｏｓｄｕｍｏｓｕｓ（Ｒｏｘｂ．）Ｓａｆｆ）的     

四棱草属比较形态及其分类系统位置的研究：Ⅳ.四棱草属及其近…

四棱草属及其近缘属筋骨草属Ａｊｕｇａ,香科科属Ｔｅｕｃｒｉｕｍ（唇形科Ｌａｂｉａｔａｅ）,莸属Ｃａｒｙｏｐｔｅｒｉｓ,大青属Ｃｌｅｒｏｄｅｎｄｒｕｍ（马鞭草科Ｖｅｒｂｅｒｎａｃｅａｅ）５属,６种代表植物的叶表皮细胞形状、气孔类型和毛状体类型的比较研究结果是：（１）叶上表皮细胞形养 深小纹状不规则形,浅波纹状不规则形和浅波纹状四边形;（２）气孔类型是不规则型,平列型,横列型和等位模列型。（３）毛状体     

翅果形态及其在槭树科分类与演化上的意义

槭树科（Ａｃｅｒａｃｅａｅ）是北温带分布的科,含２属,全世界约２００种,中国是槭树科植物的现代分布中心。对槭树科翅果的专门研究尚未见报道。本文１、引用一套槭属翅果形态学术语;２、观察并描述７５种械属植物的翅果;３、研究槭属１６个组的翅果的１７个可比性状,根据分枝系统分析法得出槭属各组的演化关系及趋势,这趋势与依据其花、叶等性状得出的演化关系基本上是一致的。     

ADEPT and related concepts

Antibody-based therapy has attracted interest because of its potential to improve selectivity. But the limitations of antibodies as delivery systems are well known and the objective of restricting action to tumor sites requires additional means. The ADEPT concept introduced two components, enzyme and prodrug, that have the advantage that they can be secondarily manipulated to augment the selectivity of the primary delivery systems. An antibody-enzyme conjugate (AEC) is no more selective as a delivery system than antibody itself and total catalytic capacity in tumor, plasma, and nontumor tissues is a function not only of concentration but also of volume. It is pointless giving a prodrug that is promptly activated by enzyme in blood. The ability to inactivate or clear plasma enzyme (PENCIL) by an antibody directed at its active site and modified to have low potential to penetrate the tumor is one of several ways of improving partition of enzyme between tumor and nontumor. A second opportunity for manipulation arises from structural differences between prodrug and active drug and the potential of enzymes to exploit that difference. However effective the enzyme delivery system, some leakage of active drug into plasma is likely and active drug access to hemopoietic tissues is dose limiting. An enzyme for which the active drug, but not the prodrug, is substrate, and which is conjugated to a macromolecule, is proposed. Some thymidylate synthetase inhibitors suggest themselves as ready agents for use in this intravascular inactivation of active drug (IVIAD). This approach is an alternative to inactivation of plasma enzyme.     

Neurasthenia and related problems

Summary Neurasthenia is a diagnostic entity included in ICD-9 which is used in daily clinical practice in China and the Soviet Union, as well as some other Asian countries, so far as I know. Although it was eliminated from the psychiatric nosology in DSM-III of the United States and in several European countries, this disease has not disappeared. In my view, elimination of the category only indicates change of diagnostic concept without definite direction. Whether this change will be accepted by psychiatrists all over the world is still a question. The continued use of this diagnostic term in China is justifiable, I believe. The final resolution of these differences in views and practice remains for future development in psychiatric science.     

Brainnetome and related projects

<正>The brain is organized as a hierarchy of complex networks on different temporal and spatial scales.The complex connectivities within the brain are presented in the anatomical architecture as well as dynamic activity.There have long been efforts to make a connection map of the brain[1],and this has now been achieved with the establishment of the