木毒蛾核型多角体病毒形态结构及理化性质的研究

木毒蛾核型多角体病毒属昆虫杆状病毒科,核型多角体病毒属,多粒包埋型。在扫描电镜下,多角体呈不规则多面体,大小下一,平均直径为１．４μｍ,病毒粒子杆状,大小约为３９４×５６ｎｍ,经ＳＤＭ－ＰＡＧＥ分析,病毒多角体蛋白分子量为３０．５ｋＤ,病毒粒子结构蛋白由１９条多肽组成,分子量范围在８８－１７ｋＤ之间。多角体富含Ｇｌｕ、Ｖａｌ、Ｌｅｕ、而Ｃｙｓ、Ｍｅｔ、和Ｈｉｓ含量较少。其酸碱氨基酸之比为１．２６。病毒核酸为一环状ＤＮＡ,长度约为３８μｍ,经ＨｉｎｄⅢ、ＰｓｔⅠ、ＥｃｏＲⅠ和ＢｇｌⅠ单酶切以及ＢａｍＨⅠ＋ＨｉｎｄⅢ、ＢａｍＨⅠ＋ＰｓｔⅠ、ＢａｍＨⅠ＋ＢｇＩⅠ和Ｘｈｏｌ＋ＥｃｏＲⅠ双酶切分析,ＤＮＡ总分子量约为７１．６×１０￣６Ｄａｌｔｏｎｓ。     

蜀柏毒蛾核型多角体病毒结构多肽及基因组酶切分析

对蜀伯毒蛾核型多角体病毒（Ｐａｒｏｃｎｅｒｉａ ｏｒｉｅｎｔａ Ｎｕｃｌｅａｒ ｐｏｌｙｈｅｄｒｏｖｉｒｕｓ,简称ＰａｏｒＮＰＶ）形态结构、结构多肽、限制内切酶图谱等特性进行了研究。采用不连续系统垂直板ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析了ＰａｏｒＮＰＶ的多角体蛋白、病毒粒子结构多肽。应用５种限制性内切酶对ＰａｏｒＮＰＶ基因组ＤＮＡ进行了酶切分析。结果表明：经热处理的多角体蛋白仅有一条带,分子量为３１．５ｋＤ,不     

斜纹夜蛾多角体病毒包埋型病毒受体的鉴定

蔗糖密度梯度离心法提纯斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒（＄Ｓｐｏｄｏｐｔｅｒａ　ｌｉｔｕｒａ　　ｍｕｌｔｉｎｕｃｌｅｏｃａｐｓｉｄ　ｎｕｃｌｅｏｐｏｌｙｈｄｒｏｖｉｒｕｓ,　ＳｐｌｔＭＮＰＶ）包埋型病毒粒子（ｐｏｌｙｈｅｄｒａ－ｄｅｒｉｖｅｄ　ｖｉｒｕｓ,ＰＤＶ）,以此病毒粒子作抗原,免疫家兔获得抗血清;用ＳＤＳ裂解缓冲液提取斜纹夜蛾幼虫中肠组织细胞总蛋白。采用病毒铺覆蛋白印迹技术（ＶＯＰＢＡ）,利用抗ＰＶＤ抗血清对病毒受体进行检测,结果表明斜纹夜蛾中肠细胞总蛋白中４０ｋＤ、７３ｋＤ、８５ｋＤ的三种蛋白能够结合ＰＤＶ。     

利用杆状病毒在昆虫细胞内表达

苏云金杆菌以色列亚种（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓｔｈｕｒｉｎｇｉｅｎｓｉｓｖａｒｉｓｒａｅｌｅｎｓｉｓ）的分子量为２７ｋＤ的δ－内毒素蛋白基因,与一个拷贝杆状病毒ｇｐ６７信号肽基因连接后,被插入苜蓿银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒（ＡｃＭＮＰＶ）基因组。在筛选出的３种不同的重组病毒株ＡｃＢＴＩ５－１、ＡｃＢＴＩ５－３和ＡｃＢＴＩ６－３中,前两种表现为多角体阳性,后者为多角体阴性,ＡｃＢＴＩ５－１和ＡｃＢＴＩ６－３在Ｓｆ细胞中表达产生分子量为２６～３０．５ｋＤ的４种与２７ｋＤδ－内毒素蛋白有关的多肽。在ＡｃＢＴＩ５－３感染的细胞中未检测出类似的多肽。粉纹夜蛾在吃了涂有ＡｃＢＴＩ５－１感染的细胞收集物的饲料后,表现典型的苏云金杆菌δ－内毒素中毒症状。被ＡｃＢＴＩ５－１感染的粉纹夜蛾幼虫血淋巴与２７ｋＤδ－内毒素蛋白抗血清呈阳性反应。     

粘虫核型多角体病毒包涵体蛋白的性质及其对几种肿瘤细胞生长的抑…

ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧ电泳分析表明粘虫核型多角体病毒的包涵体蛋白由几种多肽组成,其中分子量为３２ｋＤ的主带为多角体的主要结构多钛,经Ｓｅｐｈａｃｅｙｌ Ｓ－２０柱层析纯化后分析了其氨基酸组成,证明此包涵全蛋白是一种疏水氨基酸为主要组成的特异性蛋白。我们发现３２ｋＤ蛋白对Ｈｅｌａ,ＨＬＡＭＰ、ＨＩＣＡＭ等三种肿瘤细胞的生长有不同程序的抑制,用＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ标记核酸合成代谢的Ｈｅｌａ细胞的放射活性证实了这种观     

油桐尺蠖核型多角体病毒多角体蛋白的理化性质及二级结构预测

由ＳＤＳ及梯度胶电泳测得测得油桐尺蠖核型多型多角体病毒多角体蛋白天然状态及亚基分子量分别为３６３ｋＤ与３１．５ｋＤ从而推断此蛋白为十二聚体,亚基间无二硫键作用,ＢｓＮＰＶ多角体蛋白的远紫外圆二色谱显示,它的二级结构含有３１．７％的α螺旋,２３．８％的β折叠及４４．５％的无规卷曲,与二级结构预测结果相符,通过荧光光谱实验推知,ＢｓＮＰＶ多角体蛋白的表面疏水性弱;其色氨酸残基位于蛋白疏水核内部。     

粘虫核型多角体病毒多角体蛋白基因结构和序列的研究

测定了粘虫核型多角体病毒（Ｌｅｕｃａｎｉａｓｅｐａｒａｔａｎｕｃｌｅａｒｐｏｌｙｈｅｄｒｏｓｉｓｖｉｒｕｓ,ＬｓＮＰＶ）两个ＥｃｏＲＶ片段的共１２０１ｂｐ序列,发现了一个７１４ｂｐ的开放阅读框（ＯＲＦ）,根据其与多种ＮＰＶ多角体蛋白基因（ｏｃｕ）同源性的比较和５＇端典型的１４ｂｐ保守序列,说明此ＯＲＦ即为ＬｓＮＰＶ的ｏｃｕ基因。根据核苷酸序列预测的多角体蛋白有２４６个氨基酸,其中酸性和碱性氨基酸数相等,疏水氨基酸含量很高,氨基酸组成中以谷氨酸（Ｇｌｕ）含量最高,谷氨酰胺和半胱氨酸含量最低。编码区碱基同源性与ＭｂＮＰＶ最高,为９７．０％;氨基酸同源性与ＭｂＮＰＶ最高,为９７．５％。密码子偏爱选用以第三个碱基为嘧啶的密码子。二级结构分析表明,α－螺旋（Ｈ）和β－折叠（Ｓ）相等,β－转角含量是Ｈ和Ｓ含量之和。     

多角体蛋白的结构多样性和杆状病毒的进化研究

在测定ＬｓＭＮＰＶ多角体蛋白基因的全序列并推导出多角体蛋白氨基酸顺序的基础上,与２２种杆状病毒多角体蛋白的氨基酸顺序进行比较,以氨基酸变异曲线研究蛋白质一级结构中氨基酸的保守性,并推测一个模式多角体蛋白（ＭＰｈ）氨基酸顺序;用ＰＲＯＳＩＳ软件对ＭＰｈ及其它５种代表性病毒的多角体蛋白进行了氨基酸亲水性分析,还对２４种多角蛋白的二级结构作出了推测,指出了特征性结构区与氨基酸高变区,亲水区多样性变化的相     

黄地老虎颗粒体病毒DNA片段的克隆与颗粒体蛋白基因的定位

用ｐＵＣ１９质粒作载体,克隆了黄地老虎颗粒体病毒（Ａｇｒｏｌｉｓｓｅｇｅｔｕｍｇｒａｎｕｌｏｓｉｓｖｉｒｕｓ,简称ＡｓＧＶ）ＤＮＡＰｓｔＩ－Ｄ．Ｅ．Ｆ．Ｇ．Ｈ．Ｊ．Ｋ．等７个片段。以［￣（３２）Ｐ］－ｄＣＴＰ标记的油桐尺蠖核型多角体病毒（Ｂｕｚｕｒａｓｕｐｐｒｅｓｓａｒｉａｎｕｃｌｃａｒｐｏｌｙｈｅｄｒｏｓｉｓｖｉｒｕｓ简称ＢｓＮＰＶ）多角体蛋白基因为探针,在３７℃条件下对ＡｓＧＶ）颗粒体蛋白基因进行了定位,将其分别定位于ＢｓｌⅡ－Ｓ或ＴＰｓＴＩ－Ａ或Ｂ和ＥｃｉＲＩ－Ａ片段上。     

苜蓿丫纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒(AcMNPV)大立方形多角体突变株的分子生物学研究

利用空斑技术,从既能形成多角体又含ＴＫ酶基因的苜蓿丫纹夜蛾重组核型多角体病毒ＡｃＭＮＰＶ－ＴＫ中,纯化了一株形成大立方形多角体的病毒突变株ＡｃＭＮＰＶ－ＴＫｍｔ５１３。用ＥｃｏＲＩ、ＰｓｔⅠ、ＢｇｌⅡ及ＫｐｎⅠ等限制性内切酶对它做了酶切分析,并克隆了多角体蛋白全基因及其侧翼部分的片段。对所克隆的部分全序列测定结果,发现在多角体蛋白基因读码框内只出现了一个碱基的突变,导致了第２５位的氨基酸密码子由ＧＧＴ变为ＧＡＴ,该位氨基酸由甘氨酸（Ｇｌｙ）变为天冬氨酸（Ａｓｐｑ）还利用ＰＣＲ技术扩增出突变了的多角体蛋白基因部分片段,并将它克隆入转移载体质粒ｐＥＶ５５,与不形成多角体的重组病毒ＴｎＮＰＶ－ＨＢｓＤ４ＤＮＡ共转染Ｓｆ９细胞,结果产生同样的大立方形多角体病毒。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Hip Circumference and Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in Men and Women

Objective: It has recently been demonstrated that, in middle‐aged women, a wide hip circumference is a protective factor for a number of health endpoints in later years. The effect seems to be independent of both overweight and waist circumference. This paper aims to replicate this finding in another population‐based sample consisting of women and men. Research Methods and Procedures: This was a prospective observational study consisting of a random subset of adult Danes. A total of 2987 subjects born in 1922, 1932, 1942, or 1952 and 35, 45, 55, or 65 years of age (at examination in 1987 to 1988) participated in the Danish MONICA (MONItoring trends and determinants of CArdiovascular disease) project, with measurements of height, weight, and hip and waist circumference taken. Through personal identification numbers, incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) until the end of 1998 and all causes of death until 2001 were retrieved from the National Registers of Hospital Discharge. There was an average of 10 years of follow‐up for incidence of CVD and CHD and 13 years of follow‐up for total mortality. Results: Large hip circumference, relative to body size and waist circumference, predicted less incidence of CVD, CHD, and total death in women. This was not the case in men; BMI and waist circumference were the strongest independent predictors. Discussion: A large hip circumference seems to have independent and positive effects on CVD and CHD morbidity and mortality in women, but no protective effect on cardiovascular health in men. However, a borderline significant protective effect on total mortality was observed.