变压器噪声暴露对豚鼠应激、肝肾及免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨短时间内变压器噪声暴露对豚鼠应激、肝肾及免疫功能的影响。方法:取32只健康成年(5-6月龄)豚鼠随机分为实验组和对照组,每组16只。实验组给予录制的变压器噪声(声压级范围40.8-55 d B SPL,频谱范围150-2000 Hz)连续暴露28天,10小时/天(晚10点到早上8点),对照组在相同条件下饲养,无噪声暴露。噪声暴露结束后,对实验豚鼠的应激、肝肾及免疫功能进行定量评估比较。结果:噪声暴露28天后实验组豚鼠的应激状态指标(ACTH、血清皮质醇)与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),主要肝肾功能指标与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),免疫相关指标(Ig G、Ig A、Ig E、IL-1、IL-2)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:声压级范围为40.8-55 d B SPL、频谱范围为150~2000 Hz的变压器噪声连续暴露28天(10小时/天)对成年豚鼠应激、肝肾及免疫功能无明显影响。     

变压器噪声暴露对SD大鼠听力及应激状态的影响研究

目的:探究短时间内低声级强度低频的变压器噪声暴露对SD大鼠听力及应激状态方面的影响。方法:选取90只SPF级健康无听力障碍的(雌雄各半)SD大鼠作为实验对象,随机分为实验A、B组和对照C组,A、B组分别给予声级上限为65 dB SPL、60 dB SPL(频谱范围:100~800 Hz)的变压器噪声,噪声暴露时程为8周,每日噪声给予时间为22点至次日8点,C组在相同条件下饲养,不给予噪声暴露。噪声暴露结束后,通过DPOAE(畸变耳声发射)、ABR(听性脑干反应)检测、耳蜗铺片及毛细胞计数对SD大鼠听力学状况进行评估;通过血清中促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、血清皮质醇(CORT)对SD大鼠的应激状态进行评估。结果:在变压器噪声暴露的8周内,各组大鼠生长状况良好,体重均呈正常生理性增长,组间无明显差异(P0.05);在变压器噪声暴露8周后,对A、B、C三组大鼠的听力学指标进行两两比较,组间均无明显差异(P0.05),对大鼠血清中促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、血清皮质醇(CORT)的含量进行三组间比较,组间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:连续暴露于声压级上限65/60 dB SPL,频谱范围为100~800 Hz的变压器噪声下8周(10小时/天)对SD大鼠听力未产生明显影响,未引发SD大鼠应激状态。     

噪声对豚鼠内耳组织能量代谢的影响——噪声致聋机理

豚鼠暴露于125dB SPL噪声下1小时后即刻、1天内耳组织中葡萄糖(46.0±18.3μg/mg蛋白,102.2±56.3μg/mg蛋白)及丙酮酸量(30.6±8.4μg/g蛋白,47.1±15.7μg/g蛋白)均显著地高于对照组(葡萄糖26.4±8.9μg/mg蛋白,丙酮酸23.7±8.9μg/g蛋白),p<0.05。与此同时豚鼠听功能耳廓反射阈衰减dB值(30.0±12.2dB,44.8±2.5dB)显著地低于暴露前水平(49.4±2.9dB,46.2±1.9dB),P相似文献   

噪声对豚鼠内耳组织能量代谢的影响——噪声致聋机理

豚鼠暴露于125dB SPL噪声下1小时后即刻、1天内耳组织中葡萄糖(46.0±18.3μg/mg蛋白,102.2±56.3μg/mg蛋白)及丙酮酸量(30.6±8.4μg/g蛋白,47.1±15.7μg/g蛋白)均显著地高于对照组(葡萄糖26.4±8.9μg/mg蛋白,丙酮酸23.7±8.9μg/g蛋白),p<0.05。与此同时豚鼠听功能耳廓反射阈衰减dB值(30.0±12.2dB,44.8±2.5dB)显著地低于暴露前水平(49.4±2.9dB,46.2±1.9dB),P相似文献   

强噪声对豚鼠认知功能和血清某些生化指标的影响

目的：探讨强噪声对豚鼠认知功能和血清应激激素、代谢酶、神经肽、脑红蛋白等的影响,筛选噪声性认知功能损伤的敏感指标。方法：将24只豚鼠进行5 d的认知功能训练,第6天随机分为2组（n=12）：噪声组和对照组。噪声组在120 dB噪声下连续暴露4h后,用Morris水迷宫测试豚鼠的认知能力;用Elisa试剂盒检测豚鼠血清神经肽Y（NPY）、神经肽P（NPP）、脑红蛋白（NGB）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、皮质醇（CORT）、促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）、促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（CRH）、肾上腺素（E）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）、血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）、醛固酮（ALD）、催产素（OT）、血管升压素（VAP）含量、谷草转氨酶（ALT）、谷丙转氨酶（AST）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶（CK）的活性;用回归分析评价各项敏感指标对认知功能的影响及程度。结果：Morris水迷宫测试显示,与对照组相比,噪声组豚鼠的平均逃避潜伏期明显延长,跨越平台次数和目标象限停留时间均明显降低（P<0.01）。Elisa检测发现,除AngⅡ外,噪声组豚鼠血清中上述指标均与对照组有明显的统计学差异（P<0.05,P<0.01）,其中变化显著且对认知功能影响较大的指标依次为CORT、NPY、NE、NGB、NPP、CK。结论：强噪声急性暴露引起豚鼠认知功能显著下降,可能与外周血应激激素、代谢酶、神经肽、脑红蛋白等生化指标的异常有关,并初步筛选出了CORT、NPY、NE、NGB、NPP、CK等与噪声性认知功能损伤有关的敏感指标群。     

热应激对齐口裂腹鱼非特异性免疫功能及细胞凋亡的影响

为研究热应激及恢复对齐口裂腹鱼（Schizothorax prenanti）机体损伤、非特异性免疫功能和细胞凋亡的影响,测定了热应激前（19℃,对照组）、热应激（27℃,0、2h、4h、8h、12h,实验组）及恢复适温6h后（19℃,恢复组）的非特异性免疫相关生理生化指标及细胞凋亡率。结果表明,超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide dismutase,SOD）在应激0、4h、8h、12h后活性上升,应激0和12h与应激前差异极显著（P<0.01）;髓过氧化物酶（Myeloper oxidase,MPO）在热应激4h达到最大值;谷草转氨酶（Glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase,GOT）的活性实验组与对照组差异不显著,恢复6h后GOT活性极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）;谷丙转氨酶（Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase,GPT）在应激0、4h、12h和恢复到适温6h后的活性极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）;丙二醛（Malondialdehyde,MDA）含量在热应激2h、4h和12h时极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）,8h时显著高于应激前（P<0.05）,应激12h MDA含量达到最大值,恢复6h后MDA含量恢复至应激前水平（P<0.05）;补体3（Complement 3,C3）含量升高,在热应激12h时显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,恢复6h C3含量下降,与对照组差异不显著（P>0.05）。持续27℃热应激不同时间后,各实验组的细胞凋亡率都显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,且在处理4h时细胞凋亡率达到最高值（52.42%）,恢复19℃ 6h后细胞凋亡率显著降低（P<0.05）。研究表明,持续27℃热应激改变了机体非特异性免疫力,导致鱼体出现炎症,损伤细胞,恢复到适温后,鱼体各项机能逐渐恢复。研究结果可为深入研究齐口裂腹鱼高温适应调控机理提供基础数据,也为齐口裂腹鱼养殖、运输等过程中的温度控制提供科学依据。     

噪声暴露对大鼠事件相关电位P300的影响及其海马水平的机制

目的：研究噪声暴露对大鼠事件相关电位（ERP）的影响及海马水平的机制。方法：雄性SD大鼠,随机均分为正常对照组（C组）、噪声暴露组（N组）。暴露条件：105dB白噪声2．5h／d×20d。观察试验过程中第0、7、14和20d ERP各波的峰潜伏期以及峰峰幅度值,并检测海马神经元尼氏体、NMDAR2B及胞内钙浓度的变化。结果：在实验第14d、第20d,噪声暴露组动物ERP P3a、P3和P3b的峰潜伏期显著增长,而且在噪声暴露20d后,大鼠海马齿状回以及CA1区尼氏体显著减少（P〈0．01）,齿状回、CA1及CA3区NMDAB2B的免疫反应强度显著降低（P〈0．01）,神经元胞内钙浓度显著升高（P〈0．01）。结论：噪声暴露可致事件相关电位的改变,这可能与其海马神经元尼氏体、NMDAR2B以及胞内钙的变化有关。     

背景噪声对人感知声音时间信息的影响

对声音时间信息的分辨在人和动物感知声音信息的过程中至关重要.在自然声环境中,声音信息总处于一定的噪声背景下.文章以间隔探测阈值为指标测定了人对纯音和噪声的间隔探测阈值,以及持续噪声背景对间隔探测阈值的影响.声音信号采用1000～10000 Hz的纯音信号和白噪声信号,声音强度为70 dB SPL.背景噪声为持续白噪声,强度分别为45、55、65 dB SPL.结果表明,对纯音信号,随着背景噪声强度增加,间隔探测阈值有升高的趋势.对噪声信号来说,45、55 dB SPL的背景噪声对噪声信号的间隔探测阈值无显著影响,但65 dB SPL的背景噪声使间隔探测阈值显著升高.研究结果提示,背景噪声能够在一定程度上影响人对声音时间信息的感知,影响的程度与背景噪声的强度有关.     

饲料中添加乌贼肝粉和鱼浆蛋白对中华鳖抗氧化能力的影响

本实验研究了饲料中添加乌贼肝粉和鱼浆蛋白对中华鳖抗氧化能力的影响。设计了3个实验组,对照组（白鱼粉组）、乌贼肝粉组和鱼浆蛋白组。3种实验饲料的营养成分相近,主要区别是乌贼肝粉组和鱼浆蛋白组的饲料中分别用乌贼肝粉和鱼浆蛋白取代了对照组饲料中5%的白鱼粉。用3种饲料分别养殖中华鳖（Pelodiscus sinensis）稚鳖8周,测定了稚鳖血清和肝组织的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、丙二醛含量（MDA）、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）以及血清碱性磷酸酶（AKP）和溶菌酶（LZM）的活性。结果发现,乌贼肝粉组稚鳖血清和肝MDA含量显著低于对照组,T-AOC高于对照组;鱼浆蛋白组稚鳖血清和肝MDA含量、血清T-AOC与对照组没有显著差异,但肝T-AOC显著低于对照组。实验结果表明,饲料中添加5%的乌贼肝粉能提高稚鳖的抗氧化能力。     

亚磁场对雄性小鼠神经递质、 激素和血常规的影响

本研究主要是探讨连续亚磁场环境暴露对C57BL/6雄性小鼠（Mus musculus domesticus）神经递质、激素含量和血常规参数的影响。实验组为亚磁场暴露组（1.1 ± 0.5）μT,对照组为地磁场组（53.3 ± 0.2）μT。实验对象分别为3周龄幼年小鼠和8周龄成年小鼠。幼年小鼠随机分为实验组与对照组,每组42 只;成年小鼠也随机分为实验组与对照组,每组36只。幼年小鼠在两种磁场环境中的暴露时间为1 ~ 5周,成年小鼠的暴露时间为1、3、6、9、12周。采用液相色谱-质谱联用法（LC-MS）检测小鼠脑组织及血清中的神经递质含量,包括5-羟色胺（5-HT）、多巴胺（DA）、乙酰胆碱（Ach）、去甲肾上腺素（NA）、γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）;用 ELISA 方法检测小鼠血清中的激素含量,包括甲状腺素（T4）、生长激素（GH）、去甲肾上腺素（NA）;血常规在北京大学医学部检测。采用独立样本 t 检验对实验组与对照组的检测结果进行差异分析。与地磁场组相比,亚磁场组幼年小鼠脑组织多巴胺（DA）含量在第5周有显著降低（P < 0.05）,血清中的甲状腺素（T4）含量在第 2和5 周有显著降低（P < 0.05）,去甲肾上腺素（NA）含量在第4周出现显著性降低（P < 0.01）;与地磁场组相比,成年小鼠脑组织5-羟色胺（5-HT）、去甲肾上腺素（NA）含量在处理1周时均出现显著性降低（P < 0.05）,血清中5-羟色胺（5-HT）含量在第3周也出现显著性降低（P < 0.01）,甲状腺素（T4）含量在第 3、6、12 周出现显著性降低（P < 0.05）。血常规结果显示,成年和幼年小鼠的白细胞（WBC）在暴露早期第1周和第2周分别出现显著性增多（P < 0.01）,其他参数基本无变化。本研究发现,两个年龄段的小鼠对亚磁场响应的指标不完全一致,仅甲状腺素（T4）在两个年龄段小鼠的体内都出现显著性降低。通过本研究说明,甲状腺素（T4）、5-羟色胺（5-HT）、去甲肾上腺素（NA）、多巴胺（DA）和白细胞（WBC）可能是不同年龄段小鼠对亚磁场环境暴露较为敏感的生理指标,可在今后的亚磁场生物效应研究中重点关注。     

Noise-induced temporary threshold shifts: the effects of anticipatory stress and coping strategies

Temporary Thresholds Shifts were assessed in five groups from before to after 5-minute exposure to 110 dB SPL white noise and in one additional group without noise exposure. In each group the baseline conditions were designed to elevate psychological stress via anticipation of the noise and venipuncture procedures. In the three experimental groups, procedures to reduce psychological stress were employed: Information, Relaxation, and Behavioral Avoidance. Manipulation checks supported the effectiveness of these arousal-reducing interventions. Temporary threshold shifts were considerably greater in two of the experimental conditions than in the noise-exposed control conditions.     

Hidden hearing loss is associated with loss of ribbon synapses of cochlea inner hair cells

The present study aimed to observe the changes in the cochlea ribbon synapses after repeated exposure to moderate-to-high intensity noise. Guinea pigs received 95 dB SPL white noise exposure 4 h a day for consecutive 7 days (we regarded it a medium-term and moderate-intensity noise, or MTMI noise). Animals were divided into four groups: Control, 1DPN (1-day post noise), 1WPN (1-week post noise), and 1MPN (1-month post noise). Auditory function analysis by auditory brainstem response (ABR) and compound action potential (CAP) recordings, as well as ribbon synapse morphological analyses by immunohistochemistry (Ctbp2 and PSD95 staining) were performed 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after noise exposure. After MTMI noise exposure, the amplitudes of ABR I and III waves were suppressed. The CAP threshold was elevated, and CAP amplitude was reduced in the 1DPN group. No apparent changes in hair cell shape, arrangement, or number were observed, but the number of ribbon synapse was reduced. The 1WPN and 1MPN groups showed that part of ABR and CAP changes recovered, as well as the synapse number. The defects in cochlea auditory function and synapse changes were observed mainly in the high-frequency region. Together, repeated exposure in MTMI noise can cause hidden hearing loss (HHL), which is partially reversible after leaving the noise environment; and MTMI noise-induced HHL is associated with inner hair cell ribbon synapses.     

金黄地鼠高血脂模型的建立

目的建立高血脂金黄地鼠动物模型,研究红葡萄酒预防高血脂的作用。方法用含有2%胆固醇的高脂饲料喂养金黄地鼠,设正常对照组和模型组,饲养15 d。期间观察金黄地鼠对高脂饲料的耐受性,试验结束时,测量血清总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(VLDL-C)值,并对肝脏进行光镜和电镜观察。结果金黄地鼠对高脂饲料具有较强的耐受性。经过15 d之后,模型组TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、VLDL-C极显著升高(P<0.01),分别为对照组的9.06、4.19、2.43、6.21、18.88倍,而HDL-C/(LDL-C VLDL-C)显著降低(P<0.05),光镜和电镜观察表明模型组动物的肝脏出现脂肪肝样改变。结论本造型方法时间短,取血方便,血量充足,是一个较好的高血脂模型建立方法。     

Immediate and Delayed Cochlear Neuropathy after Noise Exposure in Pubescent Mice

Moderate acoustic overexposure in adult rodents is known to cause acute loss of synapses on sensory inner hair cells (IHCs) and delayed degeneration of the auditory nerve, despite the completely reversible temporary threshold shift (TTS) and morphologically intact hair cells. Our objective was to determine whether a cochlear synaptopathy followed by neuropathy occurs after noise exposure in pubescence, and to define neuropathic versus non-neuropathic noise levels for pubescent mice. While exposing 6 week old CBA/CaJ mice to 8-16 kHz bandpass noise for 2 hrs, we defined 97 dB sound pressure level (SPL) as the threshold for this particular type of neuropathic exposure associated with TTS, and 94 dB SPL as the highest non-neuropathic noise level associated with TTS. Exposure to 100 dB SPL caused permanent threshold shift although exposure of 16 week old mice to the same noise is reported to cause only TTS. Amplitude of wave I of the auditory brainstem response, which reflects the summed activity of the cochlear nerve, was complemented by synaptic ribbon counts in IHCs using confocal microscopy, and by stereological counts of peripheral axons and cell bodies of the cochlear nerve from 24 hours to 16 months post exposure. Mice exposed to neuropathic noise demonstrated immediate cochlear synaptopathy by 24 hours post exposure, and delayed neurodegeneration characterized by axonal retraction at 8 months, and spiral ganglion cell loss at 8-16 months post exposure. Although the damage was initially limited to the cochlear base, it progressed to also involve the cochlear apex by 8 months post exposure. Our data demonstrate a fine line between neuropathic and non-neuropathic noise levels associated with TTS in the pubescent cochlea.     

剖腹产建立SPF金黄地鼠种群

为了规范我国实验动物管理,尽快提高实验动物质量,真正落实2000年版生物制品规程,同时也为了提高我国乙型脑炎活疫苗的质量,使其尽快进入国际市场,作者利用普通金黄地鼠,采用剖腹产手术,以德国SPF金黄地鼠代乳,率先在国内培育出了自己的SPF金黄地鼠种群,自检和送检结果表明,该种群质量符合国家SPF金黄地鼠质量标准。     

Auditory evoked responses in awake rabbits after exposure to high intensity noise impulses

Impulse noise effects were tested in chronic experiments on 8 awake rabbits. Alterations of cochlear potentials and evoked responses from the inferior collinulus and the medial geniculate body were studied. The rabbits were subsequently exposed to 10 noise impulses of 144 dB SPL, then (after recovery) to 10 impulses of 153 and 164 dB SPL. After exposure the amplitudes of all potentials were reduced. Time of restitution depended on the intensity of the noise, the restitution failed after exposure to 164 dB SPL impulses. Time lapses of the amplitude-reduction and restitution process were comparable for both structures of the auditory pathway. The peak latencies were prolonged significantly in only two of the rabbits after this impulse intensity. Impulses of 164 dB SPL were followed by irreversible changes of all evoked responses.     

Severe constraints for sound communication in a frog from the South American temperate forest

The efficiency of acoustic communication depends on the power generated by the sound source, the quality of the environment across which signals propagate, the environmental noise and the sensitivity of the intended receivers. Eupsophus calcaratus, an anuran from the temperate austral forest, communicates by means of an advertisement call of weak intensity in a sound-attenuating environment. To estimate the range over which these frogs communicate effectively, we conducted measurements of sound level and degradation patterns of propagating advertisement calls in the field, and measurements of auditory thresholds to pure tones and to natural calls in laboratory conditions. The results show that E. calcaratus produces weak advertisement calls of about 72 dB sound pressure level (SPL) at 0.25 m from the caller. The signals are affected by attenuation and degradation patterns as they propagate in their native environment, reaching average values of 61 and 51 dB SPL at 1 and 2 m from the sound source, respectively. Midbrain multi-unit recordings show a relatively low auditory sensitivity, with thresholds of about 58 dB SPL for conspecific calls, which are likely to restrict communication to distances shorter than 2 m, a remarkably short range as compared to other anurans.     

Chronic exposure to low frequency noise at moderate levels causes impaired balance in mice

We are routinely exposed to low frequency noise (LFN; below 0.5 kHz) at moderate levels of 60-70 dB sound pressure level (SPL) generated from various sources in occupational and daily environments. LFN has been reported to affect balance in humans. However, there is limited information about the influence of chronic exposure to LFN at moderate levels for balance. In this study, we investigated whether chronic exposure to LFN at a moderate level of 70 dB SPL affects the vestibule, which is one of the organs responsible for balance in mice. Wild-type ICR mice were exposed for 1 month to LFN (0.1 kHz) and high frequency noise (HFN; 16 kHz) at 70 dB SPL at a distance of approximately 10-20 cm. Behavior analyses including rotarod, beam-crossing and footprint analyses showed impairments of balance in LFN-exposed mice but not in non-exposed mice or HFN-exposed mice. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a decreased number of vestibular hair cells and increased levels of oxidative stress in LFN-exposed mice compared to those in non-exposed mice. Our results suggest that chronic exposure to LFN at moderate levels causes impaired balance involving morphological impairments of the vestibule with enhanced levels of oxidative stress. Thus, the results of this study indicate the importance of considering the risk of chronic exposure to LFN at a moderate level for imbalance.     

噪声刺激后豚鼠耳蜗抗氧化能力的变化和α-硫辛酸对声损伤的保护作用

实验探讨了声刺激后豚鼠血清总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity,TAC)和耳蜗组织一氧化氮(nitricoxide,NO)含量的变化及α-硫辛酸的抗氧化和对声损伤的保护作用。将豚鼠(350-400 g)随机分为无噪声对照组(n=20)、噪声+生理盐水组(n=20)和噪声+α-硫辛酸组(n=20)。噪声刺激(4.kHz倍频程,115 dB SPL 5 h)结束后立即测试脑于诱发电位(auditory brainstem responses,ABRs),取血清测TAC,制备耳蜗组织匀浆测NO的水平。所得结果如下:(1)无噪声对照组,动物听阈无明显变化;噪声刺激后生理盐水组,听阈上升的幅度明显高于α-硫辛酸组(P<0.05)。(2)噪声+生理盐水组,TAlC明显低于无噪声对照组(P<0.05);噪声+α-硫辛酸组同噪声+生理盐水组相比,TAC明显升高(P<0.05),同无噪声对照组相比,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。(3)噪声+生理盐水组,NO含量高于无噪声对照组(P<0.05);噪声+α-硫辛酸组同噪声+生理盐水组相比,NO含量明显减少(P<0.05),同无噪声对照组相比,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。上述结果提示,噪声刺激后血清TAC降低,耳蜗组织内NO含量增加;α-硫辛酸可通过抗氧化机制对噪声性听力损伤(noise induced hearing loss,NIHL)发挥保护作用。