干旱响应转录因子DREB1A基因导入水稻光温敏核不育系的研究

以成熟胚诱导的愈伤组织作为农杆菌转化的受体材料,将诱导型启动子rd29A驱动的拟南芥DREB1A基因导入粳型光温敏核不育系水稻4008S,共获得67株再生苗.再生苗经0.75 mg/L除草剂草铵膦涂布筛选,有62株再生苗表现出对草铵膦抗性.PCR检测抗性苗中DREB1A基因,结果全为阳性.挑选部分进行Southem检测.结果表明目的基因已经整合到水稻基因组中.在干旱胁迫下,转基因水稻当代(T1代)植株的电导率显著低于非转基因对照植株(P＜0.05),脯氨酸含量显著高于对照植株(P＜0.05),证明DREBIA基因能提高水稻对干旱胁迫的耐受性.     

籼型光敏核不育水稻育性可转换性的基因定位和基因互作研究

本研究以来源于农垦58S的籼型光敏核不育系培矮64S(短日条件下育性难转换)和8902S(短日条件下育性易转换)及其F１、F２群体为材料,通过短日不同光温和不同生态条件4种处理,利用RFLP分子标记研究了影响光敏核不育水稻在短日条件下的育性可转换性的遗传、基因定位和基因互作,主要结果表明：影响光敏核不育水稻的育性可转换性表现为微效基因的作用,定位了7个控制光敏核不育水稻的育性可转换性QTL,即S2、S3a、S3b、S5、S8和S10。揭示了基因互作真实存在于光敏核不育水稻中,基因互作形式和互作类型对光敏核不育水稻的育性可转换性的影响表现多种多样,不同类型的基因互作所解释的遗传变异处于2.15%～10.07%之间。     

籼型光敏核不育水稻育性可转换性的基因定位和基因互作研究

本研究以来源于农垦58S的灿型光敏核不育系培矮64S（短日条件下育性难转换）和8902S（短日条件下育性蝗转换）及其F1,F2群体为材料,通过短日不同光温和不同生态条件4种处理,利用RFLP分子标记研究了影响光敏偿育水稻在短日条件下的育性可转换性的遗传,基因定位和基因互作,主要结果表明：影响光敏不育水稻的育性可转换性表现为微效基因的作用,定位了7个控制光敏核不育水稻的育性可转换性QTL,即S2,S3a,S3b,S5,S8和S10,揭示了基因互作真实存在于光敏核不育水稻中,基因互作形式和互作类型对光敏核不育水稻的育性可转换性的影响表现多种多样,不同类型的基因互作所解释的遗传变异处于2．15％－10．07％之间。     

转基因水稻检测用阳性质粒分子的构建及应用

通过分析转基因水稻(Oryza sativa)中调控元件和功能基因的种类及应用频率,结合水稻基因工程研究中标记基因的使用情况,确定将CaMV35S启动子、NOS终止子,标记基因Bar、HPT和NPTⅡ基因作为转基因水稻的筛查检测靶标。通过重叠延伸PCR技术,将水稻内标基因SPS、筛选靶标(CaMV35S启动子、NOS终止子、Bar基因、HPT基因和NPTⅡ基因)、事件特异性检测靶标(TT51-1、KF-6和KMD1)聚合克隆到质粒载体上,构建质粒分子pBS Rice。应用结果表明,阳性质粒分子pBS Rice既适用于转基因水稻的筛查检测,也适用于抗虫水稻TT51-1、KF-6和KMD1的事件特异性检测。研究结果为转基因水稻安全监管提供了一种不依赖于转基因水稻原材料供应的阳性对照,其对目前国内外批准的转基因水稻检出率达100%,满足了监管过程中转基因水稻的检测需要。     

一种新型几丁质酶基因LcChi2在转基因水稻中的功能分析

LcChi2是从羊草中克隆获得的一种新型几丁质酶基因,生物信息学分析表明该基因表达一个Ⅱ类几丁质酶,属于19家族。在双子叶模式植物烟草中过表达该基因表现为抗真菌病害的生物学功能提高,然而在单子叶植物中是否具有抗病功能至今未知。以吉林省主栽水稻品种吉粳88为供试材料,构建了含LcChi2基因和除草剂筛选标记Bar基因的双价植物表达载体,利用农杆菌介导的遗传转化方法成功获得LcChi2和Bar基因过表达的转基因水稻。T_1代转基因水稻的PCR、RT-PCR和几丁质酶活性检测结果表明LcChi2基因已成功整合到水稻基因组中,并且表达产物表现出较高的外源几丁质酶活性;稻瘟病活体接种实验结果证明该基因显著提高了水稻的抗病性;抗除草剂鉴定结果表明获得的转基因水稻新材料同时具有除草剂抗性。研究结果证明LcChi2基因可有效提高单子叶植物的抗病性,该基因在利用现代生物技术开展抗病作物遗传改良方面具有重要的应用价值。     

水稻光敏核不育系的选育

湖北光敏感核不育水稻的发现,为两系杂交稻奠定了基础。农垦58S为晚梗型,经济性状不理想,直接利用于生产较困难,必须将光敏核不育特性转育到优良的籼、粳品种中,选育出符合生产要求的光敏核不育系,才有生产利用价值。光周期诱导水稻雄性育性转换特性是由1—2对主效基因控制的,可以通过杂交转育。自八十年代以来,湖北和全国的水稻遗传育种学家开展了水稻光敏核不育系的选育,到1991年止,由农垦58S为源的通过省级以上鉴定的水稻光(温)敏核不育系18个,其中籼稻10个粳稻8个,由光、温敏核不育系配制的两系杂交稻组合开始用于生产。     

OsbHLH1基因过表达载体构建及转化水稻研究

OsbHLH1基因编码bHLH类转录因子,与水稻耐寒性相关.以pCAMBIA3300为母体,利用玉米泛素(Ubiquitin)启动子构建了能使OsbHLH1基因过表达且含有Bar基因的植物表达载体p3300-Ubi-Ω- OsbHLH1.利用基因枪法将其转化到粳稻品种东稻3号中,获得再生苗47株.选取其中9株进行PCR、Southern检测,结果表明目的基因已经整合到水稻基因组中;草铵膦叶片涂布试验结果表明,Bar基因在水稻植株中正常表达;低温处理后,除45号植株外,其余8株光合速率的变化率显著低于非转基因对照,初步证明OsbHLH1基因在水稻中过表达显著提高了水稻的耐低温能力.     

水稻线粒体基因组翻译产物与细胞质雄性不育性

通过线粒体离体翻译产物的电泳和放射性自显影分析,发现水稻BT型不育细胞质(农虎26A和丰锦A不育系)的线粒体基因产物比可育细胞质(农虎26B和丰锦B保持系)缺少一个22KD多肽。它反应了BT型不育细胞质线粒体基因组中有关育性的基因变异。不育系与恢复系杂交后,杂种F_1的育性虽然恢复,但是它的线粒体基因产物中仍然缺少22KD多肽。然而,在杂种F_1的线粒体蛋白质的电泳染色图谱中则显示出一个22KD多肽条带。杂种F_1中的这个22KD多肽是核基因产物。它弥补了线粒体基因组中育性基因的缺陷。     

湖北光敏感核不育水稻不育性的遗传规律

本文选用5个常规粳稻品种和3小光敏感核不育系与湖北光敏感核不育水稻农垦58S杂交,用花粉育性、套袋自交结实率、自然结实率和大田目测4种育性指标同时鉴定同一植株育性,观察分析杂种后代在长日下植株育性的表现。结果表明：光敏核不育水稻不育性的遗传行为表现为受1对隐性主基因控制,不同的遗传背景对不育性的遗传行为表现有不同程度的影响。     

水稻新资源温敏核不育系长S的遗传学研究

长S是来自普通野生稻与籼稻珍珠矮杂交后代的温敏核不育系。以长S与中浙B、R608等配组的F1和F2为材料,对其育性进行观察。结果表明,所有F1均为正常可育,F2群体中可育株数和不育株数经卡平方测验符合3∶1的理论分离比例,说明长S的育性受1对隐性核基因控制。以长S与HN5S、C815S、广占63S、湘陵628S及HD9802S的F1为材料,并进行育性观察。结果表明,长S与HN5S的F1为正常可育,而长S与C815S等其余4个不育系的F1表现为不育,这说明长S与HN5S的不育基因位点不等位,而与C815S等4个不育系的不育基因位点等位。     

Strategy and utilization of a herbicide resistance gene in two-line hybrid rice

Hybrid rice plays an important role in China's aim to improve rice production as it accounts for some 50% of rice planting area but produces about 60% of the total rice grain. However, the existing three-line system used in hybrid rice production has its limitations. The two-line system, which makes use of photoperiod-sensitive genic male-sterile (PGMS) and thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile (TGMS) lines to generate the male-sterile parental line, was developed to overcome some of these limitations. The sterility of the male-sterile line of two-line hybrid rice, however, fluctuates when the temperature-sensitive phase of fertility encounters abnormal low temperatures during hybrid seed production, which induces selfing and decreases the purity of hybrid. We describe here the strategy of utilizing a herbicide resistance gene in two-line hybrid rice to eliminate this fluctuation in the sterility of the P/TGMS lines during hybrid seed production and reports the development of the herbicide resistance restorer line Bar68-1 and its herbicide-resistant early season hybrid rice Xiang125s/Bar68-1. When the restorer line and its derived hybrid are herbicide resistant, the selfed seeds can be removed easily from the hybrid by herbicide spraying. A herbicide resistance gene bar was transferred into a restorer line by particle bombardment. The resulting transgenic restorer line Bar68-1 and its hybrid Xiang125 s/Bar68-1 inherited stable herbicide resistance. The purity of Xiang125s/Bar68-1 was increased by spraying the seed bed with herbicide, which resulted in a significant increase in yield, grain quality, and disease resistance in comparison to the controls in a regional trial.     

Development of new transformation-competent artificial chromosome vectors and rice genomic libraries for efficient gene cloning

The transformation-competent artificial chromosome vector (TAC) system has been shown to be very useful for efficient gene isolation in Arabidopsis thaliana (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96 (1998) 6535). To adapt the vector system for gene isolation in crops, two new TAC vectors and rice genomic libraries were developed. The new vectors pYLTAC17 and pYLTAC27 use the Bar gene and Hpt gene driven by the rice Act1 promoter as the plant selectable markers, respectively, and are suitable for transformation of rice and other grasses. Two representative genomic libraries (I and II) of an Indica rice variety Minghui63, a fertility restorer line for hybrid rice, were constructed with pYLTAC17 using different size classes of partially digested DNA fragments. Library I and library II consisted of 34,560 and 1.2 x 10(5) clones, with average insert sizes of approximately 77 and 39 kb, respectively. The genome coverage of the libraries I and II was estimated to be about 5 and 11 haploid genome equivalents, respectively. Clones of the library I were stored individually in ninety 384-well plates, and those of the library II were collected as bulked pools each containing 30-50 clones and stored in eight 384-well plates. A number of probes were used to hybridize high-density colony filters of the library I prepared by an improved replicating method and each detected 2-9 positive clones. A method for rapid screening of the library II by pooled colony hybridization was developed. A TAC clone having an 80 kb rice DNA insert was successfully transferred into rice genome via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The new vectors and the genomic libraries should be useful for gene cloning and genetic engineering in rice and other crops.     

表达barnase基因的重组棉铃虫核型多角体病毒的构建及其杀虫活性研究

将含有 barnase基因与杆状病毒多角体基因 ( ph)的重组转座载体 p Fb- Bar在大肠杆菌中与含有棉铃虫核型多角体病毒 ( Ha NPV)的穿梭载体 Hanpvid转座并提取重组穿梭载体 DNA转染棉铃虫细胞 ,得到重组棉铃虫病毒 r Ha- Bar.其分子杂交证明 ,昆虫细胞中有 r Ha- Bar的 bar基因转录本存在 ,并能表达产生 33k D的多角体蛋白和 1 2 k D的 barnase.在平板上 ,barnase能降解RNA,出现清晰的降解圈 .r Ha- Bar对三龄棉铃虫幼虫的毒力比野生型 Ha NPV的 LD50 减少 2 0 % ,LT50 减少 30 % .用 barnase的拮抗基因 barstar构建了具有 Neo抗性、并能稳定表达 barstar的棉铃虫转化细胞 AM1 - NB.以携带 barnase基因的重组病毒 r Ha- Bar分别感染转化细胞和正常细胞 ,48h子代病毒在转化细胞中的产量比在正常细胞中高 2 3倍 ,72 h高 1 60倍 .     

Transcriptional silencing and developmental reactivation of cry1Ab gene in transgenic rice

One transgenic rice line lacking CrylAb expression product was screened in the progenies of Agrobacterium-transformed transgenic rice variety Zhong 8215 with a cry1Ab gene under field releasing conditions by using GUS histochemical assay and Western blot. Molecular hybridization results revealed that the crylAb gene was silenced in the transgenic rice variety Zhong 8215 and two copies of ubiquitin promoter were integrated into the rice genome. The silencing of crylAb gene in transgenic rice was found to be due to the methylation of the ubiquitin promoter as revealed by methylation analysis. Meanwhile, different concentrations of demethylation reagent 5-azacytidine combining with different treatment time were employed to treat the silenced transgenic rice seeds. The results indicated that 5-azacytidine could reactivate 8%-30% of the silenced transgenic rice plants and the expression level of the reactivated cry1Ab transgene could reach as high as 0.147% of the total soluble protein. Treatment with low con     

Structural and Expressional Variations of the Mitochondrial Genome Conferring the Wild Abortive Type of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Rice

The so-called ＂wild abortive＂ （WA） type of cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） derived from a wild rice species Oryza rufipogon has been extensively used for hybrid rice breeding. However, extensive analysis of the structure of the related mitochondrial genome has not been reported, and the CMS-associated gene（s） remain unknown. In this study, we exploited a mitochondrial genome-wide strategy to examine the structural and expressional variations in the mitochondrial genome conferring the CMS. The entire mitochondriai genomes of a CMS-WA line and two normal fertile rice lines were amplified by Long-polymerase chain reaction into tilling fragments of up to 15.2 kb. Restriction and DNA blotting analyses of these fragments revealed that structural variations occurred in several regions in the WA mitochondrial genome, as compared to those of the fertile lines. All of the amplified fragments covering the entire mitochondrial genome were used as RNA blot probes to examine the mitochondriai expression profile among the CMS-WA and fertile lines. As a result, only two mRNAs were found to be differentially expressed between the CMS-WA and the fertile lines, which were detected by a probe containing the nad5 and orf153 genes and the other having the ribosomal protein gene rpl5, respectively. These mRNAs are proposed to be the candidates for further identification and functional studies of the CMS gene.     

Ac/Ds(GUS)结构介导的水稻启动子捕获系统的建立

构建了基于Activator/Dissociation(β-glucuronidase)[简称Ac/Ds(GUS)]结构的捕获质粒p13B,用于分离水稻基因启动子.以此质粒用衣杆菌介导的方法转化粳稻品种中花11的胚性愈伤组织,对获得的18个独立转化株的T2代植株进行了抗除草剂筛选,从141个抗除草剂转基因植株中用PCR方法检测到其中37株是Ds因子发生了转座的植株,而且这种转座到新位置上的Ds因子是遗传的.初步观察到其中5株的GUS染色呈阳性.     

插入含Ds因子的T-DNA产生的水稻脆秆突变株的遗传和分子分析

在构建由农杆菌介导的玉米Ds转座因子插入的水稻转化群体中,得到了一个茎秆等组织发生脆性突变的株系。理化指标定量测定表明,脆性株系的载荷强度和纤维素含量都比正常植株低很多,可溶性糖含量略有减少。对这个突变株的分子检测结果表明Ds因子在脆性株系中为单位点插入。检测了自前3代（T1,T2,T3)植株中T-DNA(Ds)插入与脆性表型的共分离关系。初步结果表明这个突变是T－DNA（Ds)的插入造成的,这个突变基因可能与水稻纤维素合成有关。     

细胞质雄性不育水稻线粒体基因组的RFLP分析

利用RFLP技术,比较研究了在农业生产上广泛应用的9种细胞质雄性不育体系的线粒体基因组,结果表明：1）9种水稻雄性不育细胞质的遗传相似性变化范围为0．615～1．000。所有配子体雄性不育细胞质的遗传相似性变化范围为0．6431．000,其中QXA,DY1A和YM15A这3种细胞质的遗传相似性为1．000。所有孢子体雄性不育细胞质的遗传相似性为1．000,2）在配子体细胞质雄性不育水稻中,用3个探针（atpa,atp9＋nad6,cox2）与2种内切酶（HindⅢ,BamHⅠ）的组合未发现不育系与保持系之间的多态性,但在探针atp6,cob,和had2的杂交带型中找到了不育系和保持系之间的一些差异。YTA和YTB在5个探针．内切酶组合（atp61HindⅢ,coblHindⅢ,atp61BamHⅠ,coblBamHⅠ,nad21BamHⅠ）中存在差异。3种细胞质（QX,SJ,DY1）的不育系和保持系之间的差异是相同的,都出现在atp6／HindⅢ,atp6／BamHⅠ,cob／BamHⅠ等3个组合中。YM15A和YM15B在4个组合（atp6／HindⅢ,atp6／BamHⅠ,cob／BamHⅠ,nad2／BamHⅠ）中存在差异。LYA和LYB的差异出现在cob／HindⅢ,cob／BamHⅠ,nad2／BamHⅠ这3个组合中;3）在孢子体细胞质雄性不育水稻中,所有不育系的带型是一样的,所有保持系的带型也一样。不育系和保持系的差异出现在atp6／HindⅢ,cob／HindⅢ,atp6／EcoR,Ⅰcob／EcoRⅠ,cox1／EcoRⅠ,atp6／BamHⅠ,cob／BamHⅠ,cox1／BamHⅠ,cox2／BamHⅠ等9个组合中。这些结果在分子水平上揭示了9种雄性不育细胞质的线粒体基因组存在结构多样性,并为其细胞质雄性不育分子机理的研究打下了基础。     

转基因培育抗除草剂水稻

以ｐＡＨＣ２０（含Ｂａｒ基因）和ｐＷＲＧ１５１５（含ＧＵＳ基因和潮霉素抗性基因）以及含Ｂａｒ基因和雪莲凝集素（ＧＮＡ）基因的ｐＣＡＭＢＩＡ３３００ ＲＧ为供体ＤＮＡ,选用水稻品系８７２０３、上农香糯及鄂宜１０５的成熟胚诱导出的愈伤组织及微不定芽为受体材料,分别采用基因枪和根癌农杆菌（ＬＢＡ４４０４,含ｐＡＬ４４０４）导入法进行基因转化;经抗性筛选、ＧＵＳ检测和ＰＣＲ分析。结果表明,外源基因已通过基