百花山景区野生花卉资源及其园林应用

我国拥有丰富的野生花卉资源,具有很大的园林应用潜能。通过对野生资源进行引种驯化栽培,培育出观赏价值高和适应性强的花卉新品种,从而达到丰富园林植物资源,更好地为城市园林建设服务的目标,这将成为人们未来研究的重点。通过对北京百花山景区野生花卉资源的实地调查和资料整理,报道了多种具有较高观赏水平和引种驯化潜力的野生花卉,并阐述了其在园林中的应用价值,同时提出了多种将我国野生花卉的资源优势转化为经济优势的有效途径。     

百花山野生植物资源分布情况及主要花卉园林应用评价

百花山自然保护区具有优越的地理位置和良好的气候条件,其中孕育着丰富的植物资源,是北京著名的野生花卉种质资源库.在调查分析其野生植物自然分布情况的同时,对其中的重要花卉的潜在园林利用价值作了简要评价,期望加大对百花山野生花卉资源的开发利用.     

墙内开花也要墙外香

我国是个拥有悠久历史和丰富花卉资源的文明古国,因此被西方人士誉为"(世界)园林之母"。英国园艺学者威尔逊在1899～1911年间几次到中国,在华西的四川、湖北、云南一带采集了1000种以上的野生观赏植物种苗。很快,这些中华珍稀野生花卉,就在欧美公私园林中栽培应用,成为西方公园、私家庭     

广西元宝山自然保护区珍稀野生花卉资源

元宝山有完整的亚热带气候垂直带谱自然景观、多种植被类型和丰富的植物资源。对元宝山自然保护区珍稀野生花卉资源调查结果表明,本地区有珍稀野生花卉有71科131属170种,其中蕨类植物15科17属20种、裸子植物1科2属2种、被子植物55科112属148种。根据本区珍稀野生花卉的现状与特点,选出25种具有开发前景的珍稀野生花卉,提出园林配置方式,并对资源保护和开发利用提出建议。     

河南省大别山区百合科野生花卉资源

论述了河南大别山区的12属28种百合科野生花卉资源的主要形态、观赏性状、花色、花期、生境、度园林应用。并分析了河南大别山区百合科野生花卉资源的特点度开发前景。     

一种值得在园林中推广的野生芳香花卉——野扇花

野扇花是我国的一种观叶赏果又闻香的野生芳香植物,过去把它作为园林花卉去研究的较少。侧重介绍了它的分类分布、形态特征、生活习性、繁殖方法、栽培管理、园林花卉中的应用等基础知识和实用技术,这对开发利用此种野生植物资源具有良好的现实意义．     

北京百花山野生岩生植物资源及其开发利用

对百花山地区的岩生植物资源进行了初步调查。调查结果显示：北京百花山地区的岩生植物资源非常丰富,大约有25科56属74种,其中很多岩生植物不但拥有较高的观赏价值,而且还具有很强的抗性。在此基础上,对这些岩生植物的园林应用价值进行了分析和评价,并对我国野生岩生植物资源的开发利用提出了一些建议。     

黑龙江省野生宿根花卉资源及在园林中的应用

黑龙江省地处寒温带,地形复杂,野生宿根花卉资源非常丰富。在对这些野生宿根花卉研究资料进行归纳、整理的基础上,结合野外实地调查,筛选出了观赏价值较高的野生宿根花卉236种。从观赏特性、园林用途等方面进行了分析,并对野生宿根花卉资源在城市园林绿化、美化中的合理利用提出了建议。     

邯郸西部山区夏秋季野生花卉资源调查研究

通过对邯郸西部山区野生花卉资源的实地踏查,共统计记录了夏秋季开花的野生花卉40种。在此基础上,筛选出具有较高观赏价值,适于冀南及周边地区园林中试种推广的野生花卉17种,并根据该区野生植物资源现状,提出了保护和合理开发利用的建议。     

木兰围场的野生花卉资源及开发利用

国家级风景名胜区木兰围场有丰富的野生花卉资源,本文介绍了木兰围场野生花卉的特点、开发潜力及保护,从经济角度和资源的永续利用方面出发,对木兰围场野生花卉的合理开发利用作了初步探讨     

湖北后河国家级自然保护区野生花卉资源

后河国家级自然保护区位于鄂西南湘鄂边界山区,野生花卉资源丰富,有"三峡绿宝石"之美誉.笔者分析了保护区的野生花卉资源现状及其开发利用.重点介绍了各类花卉的生物特性和利用的方法.     

Crop domestication disrupts a native tritrophic interaction associated with the sunflower, Helianthus annuus (Asterales: Asteraceae)

Abstract.  1. Crop domestication has been a largely overlooked factor that may explain why insect herbivores tend to be more abundant and less attacked in agricultural habitats than in native habitats. This study explores how domestication of the sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., affects the sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and its parasitoids.
2. Common garden experiments were used to assess the effect of domestication on larval abundance in an agricultural and a native habitat. The effect of domestication on parasitism was determined using two studies: one study that manipulated nitrogen according to levels found in agricultural and native habitats, and a second common garden study in the native habitat.
3. At peak infestation in the agricultural common garden, larval abundance was 10 times higher on agricultural plants than on wild plants. In contrast, larval abundance did not differ between plant genotypes in the native habitat.
4. Larvae were four times more likely to be parasitised on wild sunflowers than on agricultural sunflowers, and three times more likely to be parasitised on low nitrogen plants than on high nitrogen plants. Parasitism did not differ between agricultural and wild plants in the native habitat, where flowers were more similar in size.
5. Sunflower domestication has increased larval abundance, accelerated larval development, and lowered parasitism. The magnitude of the effect appears to depend upon nutrient availability. Thus, domestication can disrupt tritrophic interactions, and may help explain why some insect pests are more abundant and less attacked in agro-ecosystems.     

Genealogy, morphology and fitness of spontaneous hybrids between wild and cultivated chicory (Cichorium intybus)

Crop species are known to hybridize spontaneously with wild relatives, but few studies have characterized the performance of hybrids at various genealogies, life stages and environments. A group of cultivar-like individuals and potential hybrids were observed in a roadside population of wild chicory plants in Denmark. Seeds were collected from all reproductive plants and grown in a common garden experiment, and their morphological and genetic compositions were analysed. Intermediate plants were identified as hybrids and comprised various backcross and F(n) combinations. A genotypic hybrid index (HI), spanning from wild-like to cultivar-like, was highly correlated to a morphological index. Plant survival, growth and reproduction were evaluated and compared to the genotypic HI. Overall, cultivar-like and intermediate plants grew larger than wild-like plants, flowered longer, and produced more flowers and seeds. The common garden included a nutrient gradient. At higher nutrient levels, intermediate and cultivar-like plants produced more flowers and seeds than wild-like plants, whereas this effect was less pronounced at lower nutrient levels. During winter, small rodents consumed roots of cultivar-like and intermediate plants preferentially. Thus, cultivated and wild chicory are able to hybridize spontaneously, producing hybrid offspring of several generations that may reproduce more effectively than their wild parent, but herbivory and poor environmental conditions may negatively affect their fitness.     

Sources of phenotypic variation in floral traits in wild radish, Raphanus raphanistrum (Brassicaceae)

Pollinator-mediated natural selection has been shown to act on phenotypic variation in floral morphology, and this variation has often been demonstrated to be heritable, but few details are available concerning the sources of floral variation. We examined phenotypic variation in seven floral traits in wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) at six levels: between two populations grown in a common garden, among plants within populations, among flowers measured on different weeks, between flowers on two flowering stalks measured on the same day, between adjacent flowers on a flowering stalk, and within individual flowers. There were no significant differences between plants derived from the two source populations, which were ～800 km apart. Most of the variance was within individual plants; repeatabilities were all <0.35. There were highly significant differences between flowers measured in different weeks and also highly significant plant by week interactions, indicating that the among-plant variation was not consistent over time. There was substantial variance among adjacent flowers on the same stalk, particularly in the gynoecium. This high within-plant variance is partly responsible for the low heritability of floral traits in the field and the weak selection on floral traits found in previous studies of wild radish.     

Pollinator preferences and the persistence of crop genes in wild radish populations (Raphanus raphanistrum, Brassicaceae)

Crop-weed hybridization can potentially influence the evolutionary ecology of wild populations. Many crops are known to hybridize with wild relatives, but few studies have looked at the long-term persistence of crop genes in the wild. This study investigated one factor in the hybridization process in radish: differential pollinator visitation to wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) vs. crop-wild F1 hybrids (R. sativus x R. raphanistrum). Wild genotypes had yellow flowers, a recessive single-locus trait, whereas hybrids always had white or pale pink flowers. In experimental arrays in northern Michigan, total pollinator visitation was significantly biased toward wild plants when the frequencies of wild and hybrid plants were equal. Syrphid flies, the most frequent visitors, preferred wild plants while bumble bees showed no preference. This pattern was also observed when hybrid plants were overrepresented in the array (12 hybrid:2 wild). In contrast, when hybrid plants were rare (2 hybrid:12 wild), neither morph was preferred by any pollinator group. Later in the summer, pollinators were also observed in a large experimental garden with nearly equal frequencies of wild and hybrid plants. Cabbage butterflies (Pieris rapae) strongly overvisited wild plants, while bumble bees showed a slight preference for hybrids. Taken together, these studies suggest that F1 hybrids may not be at a disadvantage with regard to pollinator visits when they occur at low frequencies or when bumble bees are frequent flower visitors. Thus, variation in the proportion of white-flowered morphs among wild radish populations could be influenced by different histories of crop-to-wild hybridization, as well as by variation in the composition of local pollinator taxa.     

山东蒙山野生蔬菜资源研究

食用野菜已成为当今社会的一种时尚 ,野菜已越来越多地登上了大雅之堂。为此 ,我们在对蒙山全面野外考察、采集植物标本的基础上 ,对蒙山野菜的种类组成、区系成分、生活型、食用部位、采集时间和食用方法等进行了深入、细致的研究 ,以期为蒙山野菜资源的开发利用提供可靠、详实的依据     

Pollinator visitation to mass-flowering courgette and co-flowering wild flowers: Implications for pollination and bee conservation on farms

Managing the complex relationship between pollinators and their habitat requirements is of particular concern to growers of pollinator-dependent crop species, such as courgette (Cucurbita pepo). Naturally occurring wild flowers (i.e. agricultural weeds) offer a free, sustainable, and often underappreciated resource for pollinators, however, they may compete with crop flowers for visits. To understand the extent to which floral resources mediate pollinator visitation to courgette flowers and courgette fields, plant community and pollinator visitation data were collected at two spatial scales: field scale (in margins, and in the cropped area) and farm scale (500 m and 2000 m radii) for nine courgette fields across the UK. Apis mellifera (honeybees) and Bombus spp. (bumblebees) were the only pollinators observed to visit courgette flowers. Bumblebees were significantly more abundant on courgette flowers in fields with a greater species richness of wild flowers in the crop, whilst honeybees were significantly more abundant on courgette flowers in areas with less semi-natural habitat. For both honeybees and bumblebees, their abundance in field margins did not significantly reduce their abundance on courgette flowers, suggesting that wild flowers were not competing with courgette flowers for pollinator visitation. Although solitary bees were not observed to visit courgette flowers, their abundance and species richness in courgette fields were significantly greater with more semi-natural habitat and a greater species richness of wild flowers. Therefore, allowing uncultivated areas around the crop to be colonised by species-rich wild flowers is an effective way of boosting the abundance of bumblebees, which are important visitors to courgette flowers, as well as the abundance and species richness of solitary bees, thereby benefitting pollinator conservation.     

福建连城县野生观赏花木资源筛选与开发利用

调查显示,福建连城县共有野生观赏植物61种,其中乔灌花木44种,地被藤本花卉17种。根据对其观赏价值进行比较,筛选出观赏价值较高的乔灌花木优势种类16个,地被及藤本花木优势种类6个,对优势种类性状特征及花果特点作了描述,分析其应用价值及配置形式,并根据创建生态旅游度假型城镇要求,提出开发应用野生观赏花木资源、促进园林生态建设可持续发展的对策措施。