山西省蝙蝠体上的革螨及巨刺螨属二新种的记述(蜱螨亚纲:蝠螨科、巨刺螨科)

在山西省的蝙蝠体上共采得5属7种革螨:赛蝠螨Spinturnix psi(Kolenati,1856)与宽埃螨Eyndhovenis euryalis(Canestrini,1884)隶属于蝠螨科Spinturnicidae Oudemans,1902;另5种隶属巨刺螨科Macronyssidae Oudemans,1936:长刺肪刺螨Steatonyssus longispinosus Wang,1963、中华肪刺螨S.sinensis Teng,1980、盾板浆刺螨Ichoronyssus scutatus(Kolenati,1856)、四棘巨刺螨新种Macronyssus quadrispinosus sp.nov.与太原巨刺螨新种M.taiyuanensis sp.nov.。文中列出了各螨的宿主及采集纪录,对2个新种巨刺螨加以绘图描述,并讨论了它们的鉴别特征。     

扁颅蝠和褐扁颅蝠体表寄生革螨的宿主选择

该文通过野外调查和室内行为实验,研究了扁颅蝠(Tylonycteris pachypus)和褐扁颅蝠(T.robustula)与其体表寄生革螨(雷氏巨刺螨(Macronyssus radovskyi)及拟雷氏巨刺螨(M.pararadovskyi))之间的关系.在野外自然条件下,雌性扁颅蝠的体表寄生革螨负荷量与宿主健康指数呈正相关(Spearman:rs=0.55,P＜0.01,n=24),而在雄性扁颅蝠以及雌、雄褐扁颅蝠中则无相关性(P＞0.05).室内原宿主感染实验发现,扁颅蝠和褐扁颅蝠体表寄生革螨均明显倾向于选择各自的雄性宿主,扁颅蝠雌、雄性感染率分别为(42±12)％和(58±12)％(t=-3.6,df=31,P＜0.01);褐扁颅蝠雌、雄性感染率分别为(37±11)％和(63±11)％(t=-6.1,df=26,P＜0.001).用扁颅蝠体表寄生革螨(拟雷氏巨刺螨)对扁颅蝠与褐扁颅蝠交叉感染后发现,寄生革螨明显选择其原宿主扁颅蝠,扁颅蝠与褐扁颅蝠感染率分别为(71±13)％和(29±13)％(t=9.1,df=29,P＜0.001).以上结果表明,扁颅蝠和褐扁颅蝠的体表寄生革螨负荷量与宿主身体状态无明显相关性,而对宿主性别表现不同偏好;扁颅蝠的体表寄生革螨对宿主表现明显的专一性.     

宁夏巨刺螨属一新种(蜱螨亚纲,巨刺螨科)

记述巨刺螨属1新种:泾源巨刺螨Macronyssus jingyuanensis sp.nov.标本采自宁夏回族自治区泾源县西峡区伏翼Pipistrellus sp.体,保存于军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所昆虫标本馆。     

巨刺螨属一新种（蜱螨亚纲：巨刺螨科）

本文记述巨刺螨属一新种,红河巨刺螨Ｍａｃｒｏｎｙｓｓｕｓｈｏｎｇｈｅｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ采自云南省红河自治州建水县的果蝠Ｒｏｕｓｅｔｔｕｓｓｐ．体上,存于南京大学医学院寄生虫学教研室。     

巨刺螨属一新种——(蜱螨目:巨刺螨科)

本文记述采自辽宁省的巨刺螨属Macronyssus一新种。新种的正模及1副模标本保存于辽宁省卫生防疫站,另1副模标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。塔山巨刺螨,新种Macronyssus tashanensis sp.nov. 雌螨(图1—8)体椭圆形,长约750微米,宽460微米。 螯钳内缘无齿。动趾宽阔,端部稍窄,中后部膨大,最宽处为15微米。定趾远端具2     

我国巨剌螨属与浆刺螨属纪要(蜱螨目:巨剌螨科)

巨刺螨属 Macronyssus Kolenati, 1858 与浆刺螨属 Ichoronyssus Kolenati, 1858 均隶属于巨刺螨科 Macronyssidae Oudemans, 1936, 它们都寄生在蝙蝠体表,形态也相近,故容易混淆或误定。根据Radovsky(1967)所列属征,二属的主要区别在于:巨刺螨属的背板刚毛不超过28对,缺M_9;胸板具2对隙孔;生殖腹板在末体区不膨大,无副毛或可有1—7根副毛;螫钳定趾具2个钩状棘;雄螨全腹板整块;叉毛二分叉。浆刺螨属则背毛29对,     

巨刺螨属二新种记述（蜱螨亚纲：巨刺螨科）

本文报道巨刺螨属二新种：１．川贵巨刺螨Ｍａｃｒｏｎｙｓｓｕｓｃｈｕａｎｇｕｉｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．采自贵州紫云和四川南江的菊头蝠Ｒｈｉｎｏｌｏｐｈｕｓｓｐ．和大蹄蝠Ｈｉｐｐｏｓｉｄｅｒｏｓａｒｍｉｇｅｒ体上;２．德昌巨刺螨Ｍ．ｄｅｃｈａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．采自四川德昌的中菊头蝠Ｒ．ａｆｆｉｎｉｓ体上。     

巨螯螨属一新种(蜱螨亚纲:巨螯螨科)

本文记述巨螯螨科巨螯螨属的一个新种——江苏巨螯螨Macrocheles jiangsuensis sp.nov.的雌螨和雄螨。模式标本采自江苏省丹阳县的黑线姬鼠窝内。     

粪巨螯螨雄螨描述(蜱螨亚纲:革螨股)

粪巨螯螨 Macrocheles merdarius( Berlese,1 889)在所查到的文献中仅描述有雌螨 [1 - 5] ,今根据集安标本描述其雄螨。图 1- 4　粪巨螯螨 Macrocheles merdarius(Berlese)♂1 .背面 ;2 .腹面 ;3 .螯钳 ;4.足 粪巨螯螨 Macrocheles merdarius( Berlese,1 889)雄螨 (图 1 - 4)体黄色 ,近六角形 ,长宽 4 0 2× 2 30μm。背毛 34对 ,均短小光滑 ,F1 基部距离较远。全腹板有胸毛 3对 ,胸后毛 1对 ,生殖毛 1对 ,腹毛 4对 ,围肛毛 3根。胸区有隙孔2对。Ad位于肛孔前缘水平 ,Ad与 PA约等于肛孔长。气门沟前端达到颚基。头盖看不清。螯钳导精…     

肪刺螨属一新种记述及中国已知种检索(中气门目,巨刺螨科)

记述采自海南的小黄蝠Scotophilus temmincki(Horsfield,1824)体表的寄生革螨1新种:吊罗肪刺螨Steatonyssus diaoluoensis sp.nov,.文中给出了中国肪刺螨亚属Steatonyssus 已知种检索表.研究标本保存于贵州大学昆虫研究所标本馆.     

A new species of bamboo bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Tylonycteris) from southwestern China

Bamboo bats are a group of small bats with unique skull and morphology. They roost inside hollow bamboo stems in tropical and subtropical Asia and the Ambon Islands (Moluccas). We examined 53 specimens of Tylonycteris from southern and southwestern China. Comparisons of skull and external characteristics, pelage color, shapes of thumbpads and footpads, and statistical analysis of cranial measurements revealed that specimens from Damenglong, Jinghong County, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, are distinctly different from the other two species of Tylonycteris described so far. The Yunnan specimens are the smallest in size; have dark blackish brown pelage color; and have larger upper premolars, smaller first lower premolars, and longer C-M(3). They are sympatric with the previously described species. Here we review the genus Tylonycteri and describe a new species, Tylonycteris pygmaeus, from the Yunnan material.     

Morphology, echolocation and foraging behaviour in two sympatric sibling species of bat (Tylonycteris pachypus and Tylonycteris robustula) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

We studied the wing morphology, echolocation calls, foraging behaviour and flight speed of Tylonycteris pachypus and Tylonycteris robustula in Longzhou County, South China during the summer (June–August) of 2005. The wingspan, wing loading and aspect ratio of the two species were relatively low, and those of T. pachypus were lower compared with T. robustula . The echolocation calls of T. pachypus and T. robustula consist of a broadband frequency modulated (FM) sweep followed by a short narrowband FM sweep. The dominant frequency of calls of T. pachypus was 65.1 kHz, whereas that of T. robustula was 57.7 kHz. The call frequencies (including highest frequency of the call, lowest frequency of the call and frequency of the call that contained most energy) of T. pachypus were higher than those of T. robustula , and the pulse duration of the former was longer than that of the latter. The inter-pulse interval and bandwidth of the calls were not significantly different between the two species. Tylonycteris pachypus foraged in more complex environments than T. robustula , although the two species were both netted in edge habitats (around trees or houses), along pathways and in the tops of trees. Tylonycteris pachypus flew slower (straight level flight speed, 4.3 m s⁻¹) than T. robustula (straight level flight speed, 4.8 m s⁻¹). We discuss the relationship between wing morphology, echolocation calls, foraging behaviour and flight speed, and demonstrate resource partitioning between these two species in terms of morphological and behavioural factors.     

Development and characterization of 13 novel microsatellite loci from the flat-headed bat (Tylonycteris pachypus) with cross-species amplification in closely related taxa

13 novel microsatellite loci was isolated using the enriched library method from genomic DNA of the flat-headed bat (Tylonycteris pachypus). These loci showed high levels of genetic polymorphism testing on 54 individuals sampled from Guangxi province, China. The number of observed alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 15. The expected and observed heterozygosity values ranged from 0.170 to 0.900 and from 0.185 to 0.944, respectively. One loci departed significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) after Bonferroni correction and no Linkage disequilibrium was found between any pairs of loci. In addition, these loci were tested in the sister species, Tylonycteris robustula, seven loci amplified successfully and were also polymorphic.     

Karyotype relationships of six bat species (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from China revealed by chromosome painting and G-banding comparison

The Vespertilionidae is the largest family in the order Chiroptera and has a worldwide distribution in the temperate and tropical regions. In order to further clarify the karyotype relationships at the lower taxonomic level in Vespertilionidae, genome-wide comparative maps have been constructed between Myotis myotis (MMY, 2n = 44) and six vesper bats from China: Myotis altarium (MAL, 2n = 44), Hypsugo pulveratus (HPU, 2n = 44), Nyctalus velutinus (NVE, 2n = 36), Tylonycteris robustula (TRO, 2n = 32), Tylonycteris sp. (TSP, 2n = 30)and Miniopterus fuliginosus (MFU, 2n = 46) by cross-species chromosome painting with a set of painting probes derived from flow-sorted chromosomes of Myotis myotis. Each Myotis myotis autosomal probe detected a single homologous chromosomal segment in the genomes of these six vesper bats except for MMY chromosome 3/4 paint which hybridized onto two chromosomes in the genome of M. fuliginosus. Our results show that Robertsonian translocation is the main mode of karyotype evolution in Vespertilionidae and that the addition of heterochromatic material also plays an important role in the karyotypic evolution of the genera Tylonycteris and Nyctalus. Two conserved syntenic associations (MMY9 + 23 and 18 + 19) could be the synapomorphic features for the genus Tylonycteris. The integration of our maps with the published maps has enabled us to deduce chromosomal homologies between human and these six vesper bats and provided new insight into the karyotype evolution of the family Vespertilionidae.     

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the flat‐headed bat (Tylonycteris pachypus)

Microsatellite loci were developed in the flat‐headed bat (Tylonycteris pachypus) from genomic DNA using an enriched library method. Nine loci were tested on 48 individuals sampled from Guangxi Province, China. The mean number of observed alleles per locus was 6.4 (range 4–12). Observed and expected heterozygosity values ranged from 0.24 to 0.83 and from 0.30 to 0.89, respectively. One locus revealed significant departure from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and no significant linkage disequilibrium was detected between loci pairs. These markers will be used to examine genetic structure and parentage analysis in this species.     

毛细属线虫中国新记录种的记述(嘴刺目:鞭虫科)

毛细属Capillaria中国新记录种——越南毛细线虫C.vietnamensis Meszaros,1973,采自广东省惠州市小蹄蝠Hipposideros pomona、大黄蝠Scotophilus heathi,龙门县长翅蝠Miniopterus schreibersi,广州市扁颅蝠Tylonycteris pa...     

扁颅蝠的扩散行为研究

我们于2002 ～ 2007 年在广西龙州县和宁明县采用标记重捕法对扁颅蝠的扩散行为进行研究, 共标记669 只(成体316 只,亚成体353 只;雌雄分别为293 只和376 只),重捕到139 只(重捕率20. 8% )。结果表明,大部分扁颅蝠雌雄后代在性成熟前发生扩散,其亚成体扩散率无性别差异(雄
性82.2% ,雌性66.7% ;P > 0.05)。对成年雌雄两性扩散率(雄性76.5% ,雌性58.5% )的分析亦未见性别差异(P > 0.05),但亚成体和成体合并结果显示雄蝠扩散率(80.7% )高于雌蝠(62.3% ,P < 0.01)。此外,我们还测量了扩散的距离,雄性后代的扩散距离(787. 5 ± 26.980 m,n = 37)比雌
性(517.4 ± 25.308 m,n = 24)远(P < 0. 01);在出现扩散的61 只后代中,仅有一只(0. 7% )雄性亚成体扩散到其它的竹林,其余个体均在出生竹林内的不同竹筒之间进行扩散。