微藻叶绿素荧光值与传统生长指标的关联性研究

利用TD-700型叶绿素荧光仪测定了6种不同海洋和淡水微藻,即锥状斯氏藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea)、球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)、三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)、眼点拟微绿球藻(Nannochloropsis oculata)、四列藻(Tetraselmis tetrethele)和雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis)的叶绿素荧光值,同时采用经典方法同步测定其细胞密度和叶绿素a含量。统计分析结果显示,微藻细胞密度、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素荧光值三者之间具有显著或极显著的正相关关系。因此,利用叶绿素荧光仪测定微藻生物量的方法是切实可行的,具有快捷方便、灵敏度高的优点。     

温度对裂片石莼生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响北大核心CSCD

旨在研究裂片石莼(Ulva fasciata Delile)对温度适应机制,将藻体于5℃、10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃、33℃、35℃培养7 d,再经过25℃培养2 d,通过测定不同温度下裂片石莼的生长变化、叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧参数及25℃再培养后叶绿素荧光参数探讨不同温度对裂片石莼的影响。结果显示,25℃培养的藻体的生长、叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数(F_v/F_m、F_v'/F_m'、α、q P)等最大;随着温度的升高或者降低,各项生理指标逐渐降低,而非光化学淬灭系数NPQ随着温度增大或者降低逐渐升高,10℃培养最大,5℃、35℃条件下的各项生理指标最低。5℃、10℃、15℃、20℃、30℃下的藻体经过25℃培养2 d后F_v/F_m、F_v'/F_m'都有所提高,10℃培养后的藻体提高最大,33℃、35℃再培养后F_v/F_m、F_v'/F_m'几乎没有变化。研究表明,裂片石莼生长和光合作的最适温度范围为15℃-30℃,5℃和35℃分别为其最高和最低耐受温度,裂片石莼对低温的耐受性大于高温。     

Cu2+对铜锈微囊藻生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响

利用浮游植物荧光仪（Photo-PAM）研究了不同Cu²⁺浓度处理不同时间（12、24、48、72、96 h）对铜锈微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明:在一定时间（96 h）内,低浓度Cu²⁺(1μmol·L^-1)处理的铜锈微囊藻的藻细胞密度以及PSII最大光合效率（Fv/Fm）、PSII实际光合效率（ΦPSII）、光能利用效率（α）与对照相比变化不显著,最大电子传递速率（Pm）显著下降;高浓度Cu²⁺(2、4、6、8μmol·L^-1)处理下,藻细胞密度及Fv/Fm、ΦPSII、α、Pm随着Cu²⁺浓度的加大和胁迫时间的延长均显著降低,浓度为6、8μmol·L^-1 Cu²⁺处理48 h,铜锈微囊藻Fv/Fm、ΦPSII、α、Pm的测得值为0。可见,高浓度Cu²⁺(≥2μmol·L^-1)处理极大地影响铜锈微囊藻的生长及叶绿素荧光特性,胁迫作用显著。     

三角褐指藻光合与生长参数测量方法的研究

三角褐指藻是生产生物柴油的优势藻种,监测其光合和生长参数是利用它们生产生物柴油的关键环节。本研究通过细胞计数对细胞生长量进行监测,利用多激发波长调制叶绿素荧光仪(Multicolor PAM)、NanoDrop紫外分光光度计与荧光分光光度计分别检测叶绿素荧光参数、培养基中硝酸盐含量、细胞叶绿素荧光强度与中性脂相对含量。结果显示细胞密度与叶绿素荧光强度只有在生长期才具有线性关系,达到稳定期后,叶绿素荧光强度显著性下降,此时与细胞密度不成比例;PSII最大光化学量子效率F_v/F_m与叶绿素荧光值比生长速率呈正相关,在整个培养阶段F_v/F_m的变化趋势呈现两次上升与下降的过程;光化学淬灭系数qL在培养过程中呈上升趋势,而相对电子传递速率rETR与实际光合效率Y(II)均呈现先升后降的趋势;培养基中硝酸盐含量消耗到一定程度后保持恒定,不再降低;细胞中性脂相对含量在藻细胞接种1天后稍下降,随后持续上升,并在培养基硝酸盐含量不再下降后继续增加。本研究中光合与生长参数测量得到的相关数据,以及培养基硝酸盐含量和细胞中性脂相对含量测量方法的建立,可以为三角褐指藻实验室培养及其代谢产物积累的研究提供必要的研究基础与检测手段。     

Fe3+对雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis)生长及荧光特性的影响

为探求适宜雨生红球藻CG-06株生长的Fe³⁺浓度和Fe³⁺对藻细胞荧光特性的影响,以BBM为基础培养基,选用EDTA-FeNa(Ⅲ)为Fe³⁺源,设置0、1.79、8.95、17.9、35.8、71.6μmol·L^-16种Fe³⁺浓度梯度,实验测定藻的生长并分析不同Fe³⁺对藻细胞叶绿素荧光和77 K低温荧光等的影响。结果表明:适合雨生红球藻CG-06株生长的Fe³⁺浓度为8.95μmol·L^-1,Fe³⁺浓度较高时,雨生红球藻的生长受到抑制,Fe³⁺浓度低于1·79μmol.L^-1将产生低铁限制。W alz-PAM测定数据显示,在铁不足或高铁抑制条件下,雨生红球藻光系统Ⅱ活性明显下降,开放态的反应中心数目减少,光合作用受到抑制。77 K低温荧光光谱显示,在铁不足或高铁抑制条件下,710 nm荧光峰降低,684 nm和694 nm荧光峰相对增强,说明能量在两个光系统分配上发生变化,能量更多的分配给光系统Ⅱ,限制了光系统Ⅰ的活性。在高铁抑制条件下,CP₄₇蛋白荧光峰降低,CP₄₃蛋白荧光峰增强,推测存在D₁蛋白降解。     

Fe^3＋对雨生红球藻（Haematococcus pluvialis）生长及荧光特性的影响

为探求适宜雨生红球藻CG-06株生长的Fe^3＋浓度和Fe^3＋对藻细胞荧光特性的影响,以BBM为基础培养基,选用EDTA—FeNa（Ⅲ）为Fe^3＋源,设置0、1．79、8．95、17．9、35．8、71．6μmol·L^-1 6种Fe^3＋浓度梯度,实验测定藻的生长并分析不同Fe^3＋对藻细胞叶绿素荧光和77K低温荧光等的影响。结果表明：适合雨生红球藻CG-06株生长的Fe^3＋浓度为8．95μmol·L^-1,Fe^3＋浓度较高时,雨生红球藻的生长受到抑制,Fe^3＋浓度低于1．79μmol·L^-1将产生低铁限制。Walz—PAM测定数据显示,在铁不足或高铁抑制条件下,雨生红球藻光系统Ⅱ活性明显下降,开放态的反应中心数目减少,光合作用受到抑制。77K低温荧光光谱显示,在铁不足或高铁抑制条件下,710nm荧光峰降低,684nm和694nm荧光峰相对增强,说明能量在两个光系统分配上发生变化,能量更多的分配给光系统Ⅱ,限制了光系统Ⅰ的活性。在高铁抑制条件下,CP47蛋白荧光峰降低,CP43蛋白荧光峰增强,推测存在D1蛋白降解。     

激光辐照微藻的显微图像观察及荧光定量分析

利用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜观察激光辐照前后微藻细胞叶绿体自体荧光图像,并对荧光变化进行定量分析。用Nd:YAP激光辐照扁藻、金藻及三角褐指藻。实验结果表明:Nd:YAP激光辐照后,藻细胞荧光光谱峰位不变,但荧光峰值发生较大变化,在激光促长剂量辐照下,几种微藻细胞的荧光强度均比对照组强。激光辐照微藻产生的生理刺激效应可以反映在细胞的荧光特性与强度变化上。激光共聚焦扫描显微镜可以作为微藻激光生物效应研究的一种有效方法。     

应用叶绿素荧光法测定微藻生物量的方法

为了探求叶绿素荧光值与海洋微藻生物量的关系,利用TD-700型叶绿素荧光仪测定了6种典型海洋赤潮藻在不同生长期(指数生长期和稳定生长期)时的叶绿素荧光值,同时用传统方法测定细胞密度,且利用Leica Qwin软件测量细胞大小。结果显示:微藻在同一生长时期细胞密度与叶绿素荧光值存在极显著的正相关关系,不同生长时期细胞密度也与单位叶绿素荧光值存在较显著正相关关系。因此,利用叶绿素荧光仪测定微藻生物量的方法是切实可行的,具有快捷方便、灵敏度高、可靠性强的优点。     

锰浓度对米氏凯伦藻叶绿素荧光特性及生长的影响

运用实验生态学和叶绿素荧光分析技术,研究了锰浓度(10-12-10-4mol/L)对米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)叶绿素荧光特性及生长的影响。单因子方差分析结果表明:锰对米氏凯伦藻的生长和叶绿素荧光参数(Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo,ΦPSⅡ,ETR,qP,NPQ)均有显著影响(P0.05);米氏凯伦藻的叶绿素相对含量和细胞密度在10-12-10-8mol/L锰浓度间随着起始锰浓度的增大而增大,在10-8-10-4mol/L锰浓度间随锰浓度的增大而降低。多重比较结果表明,10-4mol/L锰浓度组的细胞密度和叶绿素相对含量显著低于其它处理组。锰浓度对荧光参数的影响与锰浓度范围和生长时期有关,当锰浓度为10-12-10-8mol/L时,荧光参数Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo,ΦPSⅡ,ETR在第3-9天随着起始锰浓度的增加而升高,Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo在第2-7天随培养时间的延长而增加。qP值在整个培养周期内随锰浓度升高呈下降趋势,各浓度组的NPQ则呈现先下降后上升趋势。相关性分析结果表明,从第3天开始至实验结束,10-4mol/L浓度组的叶绿素相对含量与细胞密度之间均呈极显著的正相关关系(P0.01)。荧光参数(Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo)、叶绿素相对含量以及细胞密度与锰浓度的相关性则随着锰浓度范围及培养天数的不同而变化。从第4天开始至培养结束,细胞密度、叶绿素相对含量均与锰浓度(10-8-10-4mol/L)呈极显著的负相关(P0.01)。探讨了叶绿素荧光技术在赤潮藻研究中的应用。     

利用叶绿素荧光快速筛选紫外诱变高含油小球藻

本实验利用尼罗红荧光与叶绿素荧光比值表征小球藻的油脂含量,快速筛选出一株紫外诱变高产油藻株。经过叶绿素荧光分析表明,诱变株M2的生长及光合作用没有显著变化。检测诱变株M2总油脂含量32.1%,比野生藻株的23.1%提高了9个百分点。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细