心房肽存在一种负反馈内分泌环路调节

注射药理剂量精氨酸加压素(AVP)和其相关肽以及其他加压物质,能使心房肽免疫活性物质(APir)释放入血,这种心房肽(AP)受激释放与动脉压增加有关。非加压性的加压素类似物1-脱氨-D-AVP(dDAVP)和AVP 合并使用特异性加压拮抗剂都不能使AP 释放入血。生理水平的AVP,抑制利尿并使血管收缩,其药理剂量则刺激心脏内分泌系统释放AP,AP 可导致利尿和血管舒张,拮抗加压素的生理效应。     

哺乳动物交感神经系统内发现类加压素多肽

最近,英国的Hanley等发现,在哺乳动物交感神经系统中,广泛分布着一种有加压素(VP)生物活性和免疫反应性的类加压素多肽(VLP),它存在于神经节的去甲肾上腺素(NE)神经元中,也存在于这些神经纤维支配的组织中。应用精氨酸加压素(AVP)的高特异抗血清测出,腹腔神经节中VLP含量只有颈上神经节的1/4,提示VLP在交感链内的水平可能同VIP一样,也有头端高于尾端的差异。在垂体不能分泌AVP的Brattleboro大鼠的颈上神经节也发现VP样免疫反应性,说明这种VP不是垂体分泌的VP。     

大鼠心内精氨酸血管加压素免疫反应阳性神经元的观察

本文用精氨酸血管加压素抗血清作为第一级抗体,通过石蜡切片免疫组织化学 PAP 法对大鼠心内神经节进行了研究,发现心内不仅存在精氨酸血管加压素免疫反应阳性的神经纤维,而且含有该免疫反应阳性的神经细胞。关于精氨酸血管加压素免疫反应阳性的胞体和纤维在心内存在的生理学意义本文进行了讨论。     

大鼠侧脑室注射精氨酸加压素对针刺镇痛的影响

以钾离子透入法引起大鼠甩尾反应为指标,测定动物的痛阈。由侧脑室注射精氮酸加压素(AVP)后,大鼠痛阈升高33.6％～68.5％,针刺镇痛效应明显加强,痛阈提高202.4％～302.7％。脑室注射抗精氨酸加压素血清,动物痛阈虽无明显变化,但针刺镇痛效应明显削弱,痛阈仅增加41.6％～71.0％。注射抗β-内啡肽血清和抗强啡肽A血清并不阻断AVP增强针刺镇痛效应。本工作的结果提示,脑内AVP参与针刺镇痛,这种作用与脑内内源性β-内啡肽和强啡肽的关系不甚密切。     

实验性高血压大鼠室旁核加压素分泌的免疫细胞化学研究

精氨酸加压素（AVP）主要是由下丘脑室旁核（PVN）和视上核（SON）的加压素能神经元合成分泌。近年来的研究表明,AVP作为一种血管活性肽与高血压的发病有关。本文采用二肾一夹法制成高血压模型。应用光、电镜技术、免疫细胞化不技术和图象分析技术对实验性高血压大鼠PVN加压素神经元进行了研究,并与SON加压素神经元及正常大鼠进行比较,研究结果表明,实验性高血压大鼠PVN和SON内AVP阳性细胞中分泌颗粒密集呈棕黄色,正常大鼠组染色浅谈。图象分析检测两组PVN和SON中AVP阳性细胞平均灰度值,所得数据分别经统计学处理,实验组和正常组AVP神经元在PVN有显著性差异。在SON也有显著性差异。但在实验组内的PVN和SON之间无显著性差异,正常大鼠组PVN和SON之间亦无显著性差异。结果表明, 高血压大鼠在血压升高时,PVN和SON内加压素神经元的分泌增强。     

精氨酸加压素C端片段（4—8）对大鼠海马神经元CCT的影响

为了研究精氨酸加压素C端片断 4～ 8(AVP4～ 8)对大鼠海马神经元中胞苷三磷酸 :磷酸胆碱胞苷转移酶 (CCT)的mRNA水平和酶活性的影响及其作用机制。将大鼠海马神经元用不同药物处理一定时间后 ,用RT PCR结合Southern杂交的方法测定CCT的mRNA水平 ,用测定胞苷二磷酸胆碱中 [14 C]的参入率来确定CCT活性。结果表明 :AVP4～ 8能上调海马神经元内CCT的mRNA水平 ,AVP4～ 8的拮抗剂ZDC(C)PR对此有抑制作用 ,当用放线菌素D中止基因转录 ,发现用AVP4～ 8共处理的细胞 ,比单独用放线菌素D处理的细胞 ,其CCTmRNA的半衰期较长 ;AVP4～ 8处理后 ,神经元内CCT的酶活性也有一定程度的上升。由此得出结论 :AVP4～ 8通过提高神经元内CCTmRNA的稳定性 ,提高了CCTmRNA的水平 ,进而影响了胞内CCT的酶活性。     

分级颅脑损伤对大鼠血浆精氨酸加压素和β-内啡肽水平的影响

有研究表明,β-内啡肽(B-EP)可影响精氨酸加压素(AVP)分泌;AVP也可刺激β-EP释放。并有研究提示,AVP和内啡肽可能也在脑源性肺水肿的病理发生中起作用。本实验观察了分级颅脑损伤对血浆AVP和β-EP水平的影响,以探讨血浆AVP和β-EP水平与颅脑损伤严重程度的关系。     

侧脑室注入心钠素对清醒大鼠高渗氯化钠诱发的加压素释放的影响

本实验利用放射免疫分析方法观察了侧脑室注入心钠素(ANF)对清醒大鼠高渗NaCl诱发的精氨酸加压素(AVP)释放的影响。结果表明,侧脑室注入高渗NaCl有明显刺激AVP释放的作用,ANP的预处理对高渗NaCl诱发的AVP释放则具有明显的抑制作用。ANF对AVP的基础释放无明显影响。这提示ANF在脑内可能作为一种神经递质或神经调制物影响渗透性AVP释放。     

中枢和外周给一氧化氮合酶抑制剂对AVP降温作用的影响

目的 :探讨一氧化氮 (NO)在精氨酸加压素 (AVP)降温中的作用。方法 :用数字体温计测量大鼠的结肠温度 ,每次间隔 30min ,观察了中枢和外周给一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L 硝基精氨酸甲酯 (L NAME)对AVP引起降温作用的影响。结果 :①分别静脉注射AVP(4μg·kg- 1 )和L NAME(30mg·kg- 1 )后均可引起明显的降温效应 ,而静脉注射AVP后立即给L NAME对AVP的降温效应无明显影响。②侧脑室注射L NAME(1mg·kg- 1 )可引起体温明显升高 ,但当联合给AVP和L NAME时 ,侧脑室注射L NAME可明显阻断静脉注射AVP引起的降温效应。结论 :中枢内源性NO在AVP引起的降温过程中起重要的作用。另外 ,侧脑室注射一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L NAME有明显的升温效应 ,提示中枢性NO对正常体温的下调有紧张性调节作用     

中枢精氨酸加压素在大鼠促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素释放激素引起发热机制中的作用

实验对大鼠进行第三脑室和脑腹中隔区插管,用数字体温计测量大鼠的结肠温度,用放射免疫分析法测定脑中隔区精氨酸加压素（arginine vasopressin,AVP）含量,观察脑中隔区AVP在大鼠促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（corticotrophin releasing hormone,CRH）性发热机制中的作用。结果发现：脑室注射CRH（5.0μg）引起大鼠结肠温度明显升高,同时明显增高脑中隔区AVP的含量。脑腹中隔区注射AVP V1受体拮抗剂本身并不导致大鼠结肠温度明显改变,但能显著增强脑室注射CRH引起的发热反应。而且,腹中隔区注射AVP显著抑制大鼠CRH性发热。结果提示：发热时CRH是引起脑腹中隔区AVP释放的因素之一,脑腹中隔区内源性AVP抑制中枢注射CRH引起的体温升高。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细