细胞生物学教学中学生创新能力的培养

理论教学和实验教学相辅相成,均可以培养学生的创新能力.我们在学院实行"导师制"的基础上,尝试以科研促教学、加强实验教学和改进实验方法等手段来提高学生的科研思维与实践能力,事实证明可增强学生的自信心、提高学生学习兴趣、激发学生的学习积极性,有利于学生创新能力的培养.     

具有科研探索特色的医学细菌学综合及设计性实验的开设和实践

激发学生对医学细菌学实验课兴趣,使学生系统掌握医学细菌学研究的基本原理、基本技能和主要方法。培养学生观察能力、动手能力、综合科学思维能力和表达能力。把科研和探索性学习融入医学细菌学实验课程,开设细菌学综合及设计性实验。为培养具有创新能力和创新精神的创新型人才进行了尝试。     

高职院校学生科研创新能力培养的研究

二十一世纪是人才竞争激烈的时代,而科研创新能力不仅是增强人才竞争力的有效手段,更是提升我国国际竞争力的重要指标。基于以上,加大高职院校学生的科研创新能力是一件极具意义且非常紧迫的事情。本文从现阶段高职院校学生的创新能力培养状况出发,对提升高职院校学生科研创新能力展开了讨论,旨在全面提升高职院校学生的科研创新能力,使之更好的适应社会。     

凸显创新能力培养的免疫学实验教学体系的探索

为提高医学免疫学实验教学质量,培养学生创新能力,对本校2015级、2016级及2017级5年制临床医学专业医学免疫学实验教学课程进行了改革和探索。在基础验证性实验的基础上,开展了综合设计性实验,并试行了探索性创新性实验及开放性科研性实验。通过改革使学生成为教学过程的主体,充分激发学生的学习热情,不仅培养了学生的动手能力,更提高了他们交流合作及分析和解决问题的能力,从而推进了学生创新能力的培养。     

微生物学教学中本科生科研能力培养的研究

本科生参与教师科研对于激发学生科研潜能、培养动手能力与创新能力以达到培养高素质综合性人才具有重要作用.本文以安徽中医学院本科生参与微生物学教研室教师科研为例,分别从学生与教师两个方面探讨如何加强对本科生科研能力的培养.     

细胞生物学教学模式改革的探索与实践

文章通过对生命科学领域国际化应用型人才需求现状和高校培养目标的分析,以细胞生物学为研究对象,根据课程目标和教学思想,对细胞生物学教学内容、教学方法和考核制度进行改革。构建适应需求的课程体系,完善理论课程和实验课程内容,注重学生科研素质培养;采用多样化教学模式,重视实验教学环节,理论联系实际,激发学生的学习动力,培养学生的科研创新能力;建立累加式的考核评价体系。这些改革和尝试取得了比较好的效果,促进了哈尔滨工业大学人才培养和重点课程的建设。     

“问题-探究”模式课的教学设计

生物教学中,培养学生的科研素质,除了让学生掌握一定的生物学知识外,还要培养学生的思维扩散能力、获取新知识的能力、科研创新能力,使学生具备一定的科研品质和科研精神。这就要求我们教师在平时的教学中要不断设计新情境,提出具有创新精神的新问题,以培养学生在新情境下探究解决新问题的科学方法,让学生的思维能够在更广阔的空间发展。     

基于创新能力培养的“微生物学”研究型教学模式探索

微生物学是生命科学的重要组成部分。随着科学技术的飞速发展,微生物学教学内容和教学方法都需要不断革新,以满足高素质人才培养的需求。华中农业大学在微生物学教学过程中积极开展基于创新能力培养的教学改革实践,课堂上通过推崇学科名人,弘扬科学精神;关注社会焦点,激发学习兴趣;引入学科前沿,培养创新意识等积极引导学生学习微生物学相关知识。通过翻转课堂、对分课堂,借助"微助教"微信公众平台等改变传统的教学模式与师生互动的方式,突破学生学习的时空局限,加强师生交流。依托农业微生物学国家重点实验室等高水平的科研平台,鼓励学生进入实验室运用微生物学知识开展科研实践,引导学生参加各类竞赛,实现理论知识学习向实践创新能力的转化。总之,学生不仅能够在"微生物学"课堂上牢固地掌握微生物学知识,创新思维也得到锻炼,创新能力显著增强。     

微生物学科研设计性实验教学研究

微生物学实验对于培养学生的科研素质起着非常重要的作用,它可以使学生能在接近于实际科研的实验中不断提高自身的科研能力。在实验教学中,我们结合聚γ-谷氨酸生产菌He-Ne激光辐射效应这一具体的科研课题,让学生以一个接近科技前沿的科研实验为导线,培养学生的创新能力、综合分析能力和独立开展科学研究的能力,由此了解和掌握科研的一般规律和方法,为其以后从事科学研究提供实践经验。     

微生物多样性研究的教学设计及效果分析

微生物实验教学的目标是既要让学生掌握基本实验技能, 又要扩展学生的知识面, 让他们了解科学发展的前沿。本文通过将微生物多样性研究的实验引入本科微生物实验教学中, 可以使学生初步了解微生物基因组学及微生物分子生态学的相关研究, 激发学生的学习热情, 提高学生的科研创新能力。该实验操作简单, 结果明确, 教学成本低, 便于在高校中开展。     

Serology and systematics of the Ebenales and the Theales

The systematic position ofthe Ebenaceae, Sapotaceae, Styracaceae, Ochnaceae, Stachyuraceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Clusiaceae and Hypericaceae has been investigated using serological comparisons of sets of antigenic determinants. The results show that the Sytracaceae and Sapotaceae are undoubtedly more closely associated with the Actinidiaeceae and Theaceae, respectively, than with each other. We found no corresponding determinants betnween antigen systems from the Ebenaceae and systems from any other family whose relations to this family have been proposed. As discovered previously, investigations of antigen systems from the Ochnaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Stachyuraceae, Clusiaceae and Hypericaceae are against the idea of a natural order “Theales” in which these families, or at least some of them, are combined with the Theaceae and Actinidiaceae. This paper completes our previous investigations which largely support a superorder Ericanae sensu Ehrendorfer and Takhtajan. We propose to include the Actinidiaceae and Theaceae in this superorder, assigning them a central position laong with the Sapotaceae and Sytracaeae on one side and the Primulales and Ericales on the other. Another most interesting finding is that there are corresponding determinants between antigen systems from the members of the Ericanae and representatives of the Polemoniaceae and Loasaceae.     

The Choroid Plexuses and the Barriers Between the Blood and the Cerebrospinal Fluid

1. The fluid homeostasis of the brain depends both on the endothelial blood–brain barrier and on the epithelial blood–cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier located at the choroid plexuses and the outer arachnoid membrane.2. The brain has two fluid environments: the brain interstitial fluid, which surrounds the neurons and glia, and the CSF, which fills the ventricles and external surfaces of the central nervous system.3. CSF acts as a fluid cushion for the brain and as a drainage route for the waste products of cerebral metabolism.4. Recent findings suggest that CSF may also act as a third circulation conveying substances secreted into the CSF rapidly to many brain regions.     

Epigenetics and aging: the targets and the marks

'Aging epigenetics' is an emerging field that promises exciting revelations in the near future. Here we focus on the functional and biological significance of the epigenetic alterations that accumulate during aging and are important in tumorigenesis. Paradigmatic examples are provided by the global loss of DNA methylation in aging and cancer and by the promoter hypermethylation of genes with a dual role in tumor suppression and progeria, such as the Werner syndrome (WRN) and lamin A/C genes. Another twist is provided by sirtuins, a family of NAD-dependent deacetylases that act on Lys16 of histone H4, which are emerging as a link between cellular transformation and lifespan.     

Biophysics and Structure of the Patch and the Gigaseal

Interpreting channel behavior in patches requires an understanding of patch structure and dynamics, especially in studies of mechanosensitive channels. High resolution optical studies show that patch formation occurs via blebbing that disrupts normal membrane structure and redistributes in situ components including ion channels. There is a 1-2 μm region of the seal below the patch where proteins are excluded and this may consist of extracted lipids that form the gigaseal. Patch domes often have complex geometries with inhomogeneous stresses due to the membrane-glass adhesion energy (E_a), cytoskeletal forces, and possible lipid subdomains. The resting tension in the patch dome ranges from 1-4 mN/m, a significant fraction of the lytic tension of a bilayer (∼10 mN/m). Thus, all patch experiments are conducted under substantial, and uneven, resting tension that may alter the kinetics of many channels. E_a seems dominated by van der Waals attraction overlaid with a normally repulsive Coulombic force. High ionic strength pipette saline increased E_a and, surprisingly, increased cytoskeletal rigidity in cell-attached patches. Low pH pipette saline also increased E_a and reduced the seal selectivity for cations, presumably by neutralizing the membrane surface charge. The seal is a negatively charged, cation selective, space with a resistance of ∼7 gigohm/μm in 100 mM KCl, and the high resistivity of the space may result from the presence of high viscosity glycoproteins. Patches creep up the pipette over time with voltage independent and voltage dependent components. Voltage-independent creep is expected from the capillary attraction of E_a and the flow of fresh lipids from the cell. Voltage-dependent creep seems to arise from electroosmosis in the seal. Neutralization of negative charges on the seal membrane with low pH decreased the creep rate and reversed the direction of creep at positive pipette potentials.     

The efficacy of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in the caesarean section and the effect on the vital signs and the hemodynamics of the lying-in women

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in caesarean section and vital signs and the hemodynamics of the lying-in women.MethodsA total of 480 lying-in women who were admitted to this hospital for treatment between December 2017 and June 2018 were enrolled into this study as the subjects, which were divided into the experiment group and the control group, with 240 subjects in each group. In the experiment group, subjects received the local anesthesia by infusion of 1.5 mL ropivacaine (0.75%), while those in the control group also took the local anesthesia by infusion of 1.5 mL bupivacaine (0.75%). Thereafter, we observed the differences in the anesthetic efficiency, vital signs and hemodynamics of the lying-in women between two groups.ResultsThe excellent and good rates of the anesthesia in two groups were 92.1% and 87.9%, showing no obvious difference; in the experiment group, the average arterial pressures and systolic pressures at 5 min and 10 min after combined spinal and epidural analgesia (CSEA) were all elevated when comparing to the control group (all P < 0.05); in the experiment group, the onset time was obviously extended, while duration of sensory and motor block and the duration of motor block were all shorter than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). During anesthesia, the incidence rate of the adverse reactions in the control group was 2.50%, significantly higher than 0.83% in the experiment group (P < 0.05).ConclusionDespite that ropivacaine and bupivacaine are efficient in anesthesia in the CSEA in the caesarean section, ropivacaine is more recommended for little influence on the hemodynamics, shorter duration of sensory block and motor block and low incidence rate of adverse reactions, which are conducive to the recovery and also safe to the patients.     

On the structure and dynamics of the complex of the nucleosome and the linker histone

Several different models of the linker histone (LH)–nucleosome complex have been proposed, but none of them has unambiguously revealed the position and binding sites of the LH on the nucleosome. Using Brownian dynamics-based docking together with normal mode analysis of the nucleosome to account for the flexibility of two flanking 10 bp long linker DNAs (L-DNA), we identified binding modes of the H5-LH globular domain (GH5) to the nucleosome. For a wide range of nucleosomal conformations with the L-DNA ends less than 65 Å apart, one dominant binding mode was identified for GH5 and found to be consistent with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments. GH5 binds asymmetrically with respect to the nucleosomal dyad axis, fitting between the nucleosomal DNA and one of the L-DNAs. For greater distances between L-DNA ends, docking of GH5 to the L-DNA that is more restrained and less open becomes favored. These results suggest a selection mechanism by which GH5 preferentially binds one of the L-DNAs and thereby affects DNA dynamics and accessibility and contributes to formation of a particular chromatin fiber structure. The two binding modes identified would, respectively, favor a tight zigzag chromatin structure or a loose solenoid chromatin fiber.     

Initiating and promoting the aquatic ecosystem health concept: the Society and the Journal

Since the 1970's the management of aquatic habitats has changed from piecemeal monitoring to the ecosystem approach; this was initiated in the North American Great Lakes, comprising social, economic, and environmental aspects. The information included in this paper is based on the presentation made at the Seminar On Ecosystem Approach To Water Management held in Oslo, Norway during 1991. Recently, the multidisciplinary, holistic, and integrated concept of ecosystem health has emerged, and is being advanced for the implementation of an ecosystem approach to environmental management, which has resulted in the formation of an international society (Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management Society) and the publication of a primary journal (Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Health). The information has been updated to incorporate new developments and recent progress about the Society and the journal since the Oslo Seminar.     

Connections between the globus pallidus and putamen and the hypothalamus and subthalamus

In 16 adult cats with electrolytically destructed external and internal parts of the globus pallidus and in 8 cats with destructed putamen direct strio-pallido-hypothalamic and strio-pallido-subthalamic pathways have been studied. Degeneration of the axonal preterminals and terminals have been examined in preparations treated after Nauta--Gygax, Nauta--Laidlow, Finck--Heimer with simultaneous additional staining of the nuclei with cresyl violet after Kawamura--Niimi. Direct pallido- and putamen-hypothalamic pathways to nuclei of the grey tubercle, posterior and lateral nuclei of the hypothalamus were stated. Direct pathways from the putamen to the subthalamic nucleus have been revealed, however, these pathways are represented in less degree than those of pallido-subthalamic connections. Direct pathways from the external portion of the globus pallidus and putamen to the subthalamic nucleus are more pronounced and represented by greater numbers of projections than those of strio-pallido-hypothalamic origin.