滇,鄂产果蝇三新种：双翅目：果蝇科

滇、鄂产果蝇三新种（双翅目：果蝇科）张文霞,梁醒财（中国科学院昆明动物研究所,云南省昆明市６５０２２３）关键词双翅目;果蝇科;拱背果蝇属;果蝇属;新种;云南;湖北本文报道拱背果蝇属１新种：条纹拱背果蝇ＬｏｒｄｉＰｈａｓａｎｄｔｍｐ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,,果...     

昆明果蝇属一新种：双翅目：果蝇科

长鬃果蝇Drosophila(Drosophila)Iongisetae sp.nov.新种(图A—F) 体长:4.5mm,翅长4.0mm. 头部:复眼红色,具稀疏的微毛。触角第2节黄色,具2小刚毛,第3节棕黄色,触角芒上侧具3个分枝毛,下侧具1个分枝毛,末端分叉大、下颚须黄色,具2根鬃。额黄     

果蝇属拱背果蝇亚属七新种：（双翅目：果蝇科）

本文记述果蝇属Drosophila拱背果蝇亚属Lordiphosa在中国的分布,包括七新种:等枝拱背果蝇Drosophila (Lordiphosa) ramipata sp.nov.,不对称拱背果蝇Drosophila (Lordiphosa) acongruens sp.nov.,突弓拱背果蝇Drosophila (Lordiphosa) protrusa sp.nov.,多枝拱背果蝇Drosopkila (Lordiphota) ramosisslma sp.nov.,双突拱背果蝇Drosophila (Lordiphosa) biconvexa sp.nov.,黑拱背果蝇Drosophila (Lordiphosa) picea sp.nov.,和黄拱背果蝇Drosophila (Lordiphosa) flava sp.nov.     

拱背果蝇属三新种（双翅目：果蝇科）

记述了拱背果蝇属（Lordiphosa）黑色拱背果蝇种组（nigricolor species-group)3新种：黑腿拱背果蝇（Lordiphosa nigrifenmur so.nov.）、鱼甸拱背果蝇（Lordiphosa ludianensis sp.nov.）和施氏拱背果蝇（Lordiphosa shii sp.nov.）。     

中国黑腹果蝇种组40种果蝇的核型多样性研究

通过传统的敲片、Giemsa染色的方法制片对中国黑腹果蝇种组(Drosophilamelanogasterspeciesgroup)8个种亚组40种果蝇的染色体进行了分析,共发现18种核型,即A、A′′、C、C′、C′′、C′′′、C′′′′、D、D′、D′′、E、E′、E′′、F、F′、G、H和I,其中A、A′′、C′′′、C′′′′、D′′和F′为新发现的核型。8个种亚组的基本核型分别是:嗜凤梨果蝇种亚组(D.ananassaesubgroup)的核型为F、F′、G和H型;牵牛花果蝇种亚组(D.eleganssubgroup)的核型为A和A′′型;细针果蝇种亚组(D.eugracilissubgroup)的核型为C型;嗜榕果蝇种亚组(D.ficusphilasubgroup)的核型为C′型;黑腹果蝇种亚组(D.melanogastersubgroup)的核型为C和C′型;山果蝇种亚组(D.montiumsubgroup)的核型为C、C′、C′′、D、D′、D′′、E、E′、E′′和I型;铃木氏果蝇种亚组(D.suzukiisubgroup)的核型为C′′′和C′′′′型;高桥氏果蝇种亚组(D.takahashiisubgroup)的核型为C、C′′′和C′′′′型。透明翅果蝇(D.lucipennis)雌性核型2n=8,雄性核型2n=7,雄性Ⅳ号染色体为染色体单体。此外还发现,吉川氏果蝇(D.kikkawai)、林氏果蝇(D.lini)、奥尼氏果蝇(D.ogumai)、拟嗜凤梨果蝇(D.pseudoananassae)和叔白颜果蝇(D.triauraria)5种果蝇有B染色体。本文确定了D.sp.likeelegans、D.sp.likenyinyii、D.sp.liketrapezifrons1、D.sp.liketakahashii、D.sp.liketrapezifrons2和D.sp.likeauraria等6个未描述种的核型和1个新记录种吉里果蝇(D.giriensis)的核型。本研究证明了在黑腹果蝇种组内、亚组内、种内和单雌系内的核型多样性,为果蝇遗传和进化提供了进一步的细胞学证据。     

中国副白果蝇属Paraleucophenga一新种：双翅目：果蝇科

本文描述了采自中国浙江萧山和安徽绩溪的果蝇科副白果蝇属Ｐａｒａｌｅｕｃｏｐｈｅｎｇａ一新种（图１－３）：山阴副白果蝇Ｐａｒａｌｅｕｃｏｐｈｅｎｇａｓｈａｎｙｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ。本新种近似Ｐ．Ｉｎｖｉｃｔａ,与后者的区别在于：抱握器具９个黑齿,中、腹部具许多细毛（图１）;前叶具２２个长齿的栉（图２）和阳茎远端具稠密细毛（图２）。     

横断山地区果蝇三新种(双翅目：果蝇科)

横断山地区果蝇三新种（双翅目：果蝇科）张文霞,梁醒财（北京大学生命科学学院北京１００８７１）（中国科学院昆明动物研究所昆明６５０２２３）’果蝇属果蝇亚属Ｄｒｏｓｏｐｈｉｌａ（Ｄｒｏｓｏｐｈｉｌａ）的ｍｅｌａｎｄｅｒｉ种组由Ｗｈｅｅｌｅｒ１９４９年建立...     

中国果蝇科新记录

果蝇科是双翅目中种类较多的一个科,目前已知全世界有2558种(M.R.Whcclcr.1983),我国已见公开报导的共192种,其中有146种是在台湾省调查到的,最近中国科学院昆明动物所甘运兴、张文霞主要在云南省开展研究,已发现若干新种,因尚未见发表,故未包括在上述192种之内。 1983年4—11月,作者等在上海、浙江、江苏和新疆部分地区进行调查,发现下述19种系国内新记录。     

果蝇细胞培养方法

动物的早期胚胎,组织或细胞通过组织培养技术可在一定的培养基上继续分化,发育和分裂,这是现代生物学的一项基本技术,是细胞生物学、遗传学、免疫学、病毒学、肿瘤学以及生物工程等许多学科的重要研究手段。由于果蝇具有取材便利,生活史短、细胞培养可以不用Co_2培养箱,加之在细胞原代培养过程中能够观察到多种细胞的分化状况等诸多优点,是细胞培养实验的极好材料。同时,由于果蝇的一个细胞系基本上是一个细胞株,给有关的科学研究带来极大的便利和好处,六十年代以来,国外不少实验室就开始了果蝇细胞培养工作     

脉红螺Rapana venosa(Valenciennes)生殖系统的组织解剖学研究

脉红螺为雌雄异体。雄性生殖系统包括8部分:精巢、输精小管、贮精囊、输精管、前列腺、输精管外套段Ⅰ、输精管外套段Ⅱ和阴茎。雌性生殖系统包括7部分:卵巢、输卵小管、输卵管Ⅰ段、纳精囊、输卵管Ⅱ段、蛋白腺和产卵器。 脉红螺精子形成过程中有精子细胞团形成。精子线形,由头段、中段和尾段构成。头段核基部内凹形成倒“U”形管;中段有丝状线粒体鞘,螺旋缠绕轴丝;尾段由9条粗纤维包围‘9+2’型轴丝构成。 本文亦对前列腺、蛋白腺及蛋白质卵黄粒等的超微结构作了观察。     

NUTRITION OF TRIDACHIA CRISPATA (MORCH) (SACOGLOSSA)

Autotrophic nutrition plays an important role in adult Tridachiacrispata in the western Atlantic Ocean and results from an endosymbioticassociation between the sacoglossan and the kleptoplastids ofChlorophyta. A series of living specimens 7-80 mm in length was studied inthe laboratory. After a body length of 10 mm has been attained,the parapodial lobes of the two sides meet and fuse. Microscopicexamination of faecal strings of specimens undergoing this transitionrevealed that algal remains were produced only by juvenilesless than 13 mm long. Larger specimens defaecated only rarelyand the diminutive faecal strings contained no recognizablealgal debris. This transition probably parallels the physiologicaltransition between juvenile heterotrophic nutrition and adultautotrophic nutrition. Microscopic examination of the radulae of transitional specimensshowed no diminution of the size, number or morphology of theteeth. This indicates that in an emergency heterotrophic nutritionmay be resumed. Growth rates of Tridachia were measured in the laboratory, withand without light and the provision of algal foods. Unfed animalslost weight rather rapidly in captivity, whereas those fed uponsuitable algae (Halimeda discoidea, Caulerpa verticillata, C.racemosa and Chaetomorpha sp) did not.Caulerpa sertularioideswas suitable for food for a limited time, but proved toxic afterabout a week. Of the other species tested, Caulerpa verticillatawas the least suitable, while Halimeda, Chaetomorpha and Caulerparacemosa were the best. Ironically, C. verticillata was theonly one of the algal species tested which is known to be takenin the natural diet in Floridean waters. These experiments confirmedthat heterotrophic feeding will be resumed in Tridachia if theculture-conditions do not favour autotrophic nutrition.     

中国甲螨名录(Ⅰ)(蜱螨亚纲:甲螨亚目)

Preface The research on Chinese oribatid mites was started in the 1920's, when A. Jacot recorded 10 oribatid species from Beijing (Peking) and Shandong (Shantung). In the 1980s', Chinese acarologists noticed the necessity of studying soil mites, which were poorly investigated and reported during the past 60 years. Along with the adoption of more open policy in China, the academic exchange and coopera     

竹亚科刚竹属植物的修订(I)

在标本（包括许多模式标本）查考和居群调研的基础上,对刚竹属Ｐｈｙｌｌｏｓｔａｃｈｙｓ Ｓｉｅｂ．ｅｔ Ｚｕｃｃ．一些类群的分类问题进行了评注,其中将遂昌雷竹Ｐｈ．ｐｒｉｍｏｔｉｎａ Ｗｅｎ作为不同于红壳雷竹Ｐｈ．ｉｎｃａｒｎａｔａ Ｗｅｎ的１个独立的竹种看待;８个拉丁学名被减为异名;Ｐｈ．ｈｅｔｅｒｏｃｌａｄａ Ｏｌｉｖ．ｆ．ｓｏｌｉｄａ（Ｓ．Ｌ．Ｃｈｅｎ）Ｃ．Ｐ．Ｗａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｚ．Ｈ．Ｙｕ因其     

长须杵蚊雌蚊的描述(双翅目:蚊科)

长须杵蚊Ｔｒｉｐｔｅｒｏｉｄｅｓ(Ｒａｃｈｉｏｎｏｔｏｍｙｉａ)ｌｏｎｇｉｐｌｐｉｓＤｏｎｇ,ＺｈｏｕｅｔＤｏｎｇ,1997系董学书等采自云南省西双版纳的雄蚊、蛹及幼虫描述,最近又采获一批幼虫,经饲养获雌、雄各3只,雌蚊描述如下。长须杵蚊Ｔｒｉｐｔｅｒｏｉｄｅｓ...     

MORPHOLOGY OF THE IMMATURE STAGES OF DACUS TRYONI (FROGGATT) (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE)

Abstract
External features of the puparium, larvae and egg of the Queensland fruit fly, Dacus (Bactrocera) tryoni (Froggatt) were studied by scanning electron microscopy and significant morphological characters are described and illustrated. Cephalopharyngeal skeletons are described from examination by light microscopy.     

C_(60)对小鼠S_(180)肉瘤光动力学作用模型的建立

为验证Ｃ６０对活体肿瘤的光动力学损伤作用,我们从两方面进行实验：Ｃ６０对荷瘤小鼠的Ｓ１８０实体瘤的光动力学杀伤作用和Ｃ８０对离体Ｓ１８０肿瘤细胞的光动力学杀伤作用,在小鼠的瘤体上注射Ｃ８０光敏剂,在５１１ｎｍ、５７８ｎｍ混合黄录色激光照射正派主发Ｃ６０,产生大量的单线态氧,杀伤活性肿瘤。激光光强为５００ｍＷ,Ｃ６０浓度为３０μｇ／ｍｌ时,荷瘤小鼠寿命平均延长５天,瘤径减小１ｃｍ,瘤重减轻０．８克,     

小麦体细胞再生株（R1）的染色体变异分析

本文研究了普通小麦(Triticum aestivum)、“宁麦三号”等5个基因型的体细胞再生株(R_1)减数分裂各期的染色体异常行为。结果表明:再生株 R_1代有丝分裂时表现为染色体数量上的变异,最常见的有2n-2类型,其次是2n-1类型,也有少数为2n 1和2n-4等变异类型;再生株 R_1花粉母细胞减数分裂过程中出现单价体、多价体、染色体桥、落后染色体、断片和微核等异常现象,并与各基因型细胞遗传程度上差异有关。