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植物营养贮存蛋白(vegetative storage proteins)是广泛存在于植物营养组织且含量丰富的蛋白,最初是作为植物氮源的临时贮存形式而被人们认识。然而,不同植物中的营养贮存蛋白的生化来源和生物学特性并不相同,并且除了营养贮存功能外,更重要的是这类蛋白在植物防御中也承担着多种多样的重要角色,或具有抗虫活性,或能够抑制病原细菌和病原真菌的生长,或参与植物防御过程中的信号转导等。对植物营养贮存蛋白在植物防御中作用机制的深入研究将使这类蛋白在新型生物农药的开发和植物抗病基因工程中具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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利用酵母双杂交系统研究植物与病毒蛋白相互作用的进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在长期进化中,植物形成了抵御病毒等病原微生物侵染的精细防御系统。在病毒侵染、复制和传播过程中,其编码的一些蛋白,如外壳蛋白、运动蛋白、复制酶类等能够与植物基因编码的蛋白发生相互作用。酵母双杂交系统是体外研究蛋白质间相互作用的有利工具,不但可以用于研究已知蛋白质的互作,还可以发现新蛋白,揭示特定蛋白互作网络与作用机制,在植物蛋白与病毒蛋白互作研究中已得到广泛的利用。本文主要综述利用酵母双杂交系统研究植物与病毒蛋白相互作用的国内外进展。 相似文献
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真菌病害严重影响植物的生长发育。为了自我保护,植物进化出了许多抵御病原真菌入侵的策略,例如防御相关蛋白的产生。多聚半乳糖醛酸酶抑制蛋白(polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins,PGIPs)是近年来研究较多的一种植物防御蛋白,它能与真菌分泌的多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(polygalacturonases,PGs)特异性结合,降低PGs水解植物细胞壁的活性并在植物体内累积能激活多种防御反应的长链寡聚半乳糖醛酸(oligogalacturonides,OGs),从而达到抑制真菌侵染的目的。主要介绍了PGIPs的结构、功能及其抗菌机理,并综述了PGIPs在国内外转基因抗病育种中的应用研究进展。 相似文献
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植物创伤诱导的挥发物及其信号功能 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
植物在受到动物或病原侵害时,会释放特异的挥发作作为信号,这些信号分子是植物防御系统的重要组成部分,文章对植物创伤诱导挥发物的种类,诱导因子及生理作用等的研究进展,以及这一领域的研究潜力和发展方向作了评述。 相似文献
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本文根据最新的国内外研究资料对木本植物营养贮藏蛋白质的分类、定位、生化特性和生理功能等方面进行了全面的综述;着重论述了林木营养贮藏蛋白质的合成、转移、降解机理及基因表达与调控等方面的最新研究进展;对有待进一步研究的领域也进行了分析和讨论。 相似文献
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Co-existence of species seems to inevitably result in origin of parasitism and hence development of molecular mechanisms of attack and defense. Certain similarities between plant and animal defense systems point to an ancient inheritance of the innate immunity. Heterotrimeric G proteins are structurally conserved signaling molecules connecting plasma membrane bound receptors to cytoplasmic effectors. They were found in most eukaryotic organisms. Their role in human pathophysiology and animal diseases was well established. In plants these proteins were also recently implicated in innate immunity. However, molecular mechanisms governed by G proteins and providing resistance against plant pathogens seem to be different from those in animal systems and largely remain elusive. In this review we attempted to sketch current ideas of plant defense system and to present a contemporary status of heterotrimeric G proteins in plant innate immunity. 相似文献
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The sedentary habit of plants means that they must stand and fight environmental stresses that their mobile animal cousins can avoid. A range of these abiotic stresses initiate the production in plant cells of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that ultimately lead to oxidative damage affecting the yield and quality of plant products. A complex network of enzyme systems, producing and quenching these reactive species operate in different organelles. It is the integration of these compartmented defense systems that coordinates an effective response to the various stresses. Future attempts to improve plant growth or yield must consider the complexity of inter-organelle signaling and protein targeting if they are to be successful in producing plants with resistance to a broad range of stresses. Here we highlight the role of pre-oxidant, antioxidant, and post-oxidant defense systems in plant mitochondria and the potential role of proteins targeted to both mitochondria and chloroplasts, in an integrated defense against oxidative damage in plants. 相似文献
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I. V. Maksimov 《Russian Journal of Plant Physiology》2009,56(6):742-752
Information available concerning the role of ABA in the interaction between plants and pathogenic microorganisms allows a
conclusion that this phytohormone is required for plant defense. For the development of plant resistance, short-term increases
in the ABA level are of importance during the early stages of plant interaction with pathogens, which trigger anti-stress
programs in plants, primarily related to the synthesis of callose. At the same time, high ABA concentrations maintained for
a long time reduce efficiency of defense systems controlled by salicylic and jasmonic acids and ethylene. ABA was shown to
suppress expression of some genes of defense proteins, including those involved in the synthesis and metabolism of phenolic
compounds and lignin. ABA is evidently involved in plant defense mechanisms against pathogens as a regulatory element. 相似文献
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植食性昆虫与寄主植物通过协同进化形成了复杂的防御和反防御机制。本文系统综述了昆虫唾液效应子和激发子在植物与昆虫互作中的作用及机理。昆虫取食中释放的唾液激发子被植物识别而激活植物早期免疫反应,昆虫也能从口腔分泌效应子到植物体内抑制免疫;抗性植物则利用抗性(R)蛋白识别昆虫无毒效应子,启动效应子诱导的免疫反应,而昆虫又进化出多种方式来躲避植物R蛋白的识别。总之,在这场军备竞赛中,昆虫的唾液成分决定着昆虫能否取食成功。取食过程中,咀嚼式口器害虫分泌大量酶类到植物体内,而刺吸式害虫则分泌胶状和水样唾液到植物中,它们都利用激发子和效应子去调控植物的免疫防御反应。分析现已报道的昆虫效应子发现其作用机制各有不同,具体表现为影响植物早期防御信号,调控植物激素通路及其他通路,或靶向小分子RNA通路。本文还综述了昆虫激发子的最新进展,揭示激发子可以通过诱导释放植物次生代谢物以及调控激素水平、Ca2+内流和活性氧爆发增强植物抗性。最后对昆虫效应子的分泌特性、寄主特异性和多功能性作了分析,并对无毒效应子及其对应的植物R基因,以及激发子的模式识别受体的研究进行了展望。 相似文献
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Identity, spatial distribution, and variability of induced chemical responses in tomato plants 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Michael J. Stout Kathi V. Workman Sean S. Duffey 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》1996,79(3):255-271
Using four-leaf tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) as a model system, we examined the spatial distribution of damage-induced changes in foliar protein activities. Terminal leaflets of third leaves of tomato plants were subjected to one of four types of damage, and the activities of four putative defenses — polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, lipoxygenase, and proteinase inhibitors — were determined at four leaflet positions relative to the damaged leaflet. Multiple proteins were differentially induced by the different damage types. For a given damage type, the spatial pattern of induction was different for different proteins. More exhaustive spatial mapping of the polyphenol oxidase response to feeding by Helicoverpa zea Boddie revealed that damaged plants were more variable, both within and between plants, in the activity of this enzyme than undamaged plants. The spatial patterns of induction of these four putative defenses throughout the plant suggest that the induced plant is chemically heterogeneous and that different mechanisms of defense operate in different regions of the plant. These data are critical to an elucidation of cause-effect relationships between induced chemicals and induced resistance in tomato foliage. In addition, these data suggest that induction functions, in part, to increase chemical variation in tomato plants; the potential role of phytochemical variation in plant defense is discussed. 相似文献
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Evidence for an Important Role of WRKY DNA Binding Proteins in the Regulation of NPR1 Gene Expression 总被引:33,自引:0,他引:33
The Arabidopsis NPR1 gene is a positive regulator of inducible plant disease resistance. Expression of NPR1 is induced by pathogen infection or treatment with defense-inducing compounds such as salicylic acid (SA). Transgenic plants overexpressing NPR1 exhibit enhanced resistance to a broad spectrum of microbial pathogens, whereas plants underexpressing the gene are more susceptible to pathogen infection. These results suggest that regulation of NPR1 gene expression is important for the activation of plant defense responses. In the present study, we report the identification of W-box sequences in the promoter region of the NPR1 gene that are recognized specifically by SA-induced WRKY DNA binding proteins from Arabidopsis. Mutations in these W-box sequences abolished their recognition by WRKY DNA binding proteins, rendered the promoter unable to activate a downstream reporter gene, and compromised the ability of NPR1 to complement npr1 mutants for SA-induced defense gene expression and disease resistance. These results provide strong evidence that certain WRKY genes act upstream of NPR1 and positively regulate its expression during the activation of plant defense responses. Consistent with this model, we found that SA-induced expression of a number of WRKY genes was independent of NPR1. 相似文献
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