甲状旁腺素、表皮生长因子及维生素A酸对UMR106细胞EGF受体的调节作用

本文研究了EGF、PTH和RA对UMR106细胞EGF受体的调节作用。结果显示PTH能上调EGF的受体,UMR106细胞经bPTH(1-34)处理3天,EGF受体的相对结合率与对照比较提高了40.3％,每个细胞的EGF受体数目从7.22×10~3增加到1.44×10~4,Kd从2.02×10~(-11)增加到3.68×10~(-11)mol/L。而RA则能下调EGF受体,以RA处理3天,EGF受体数目从7.22×10~3下降到4.28×10~3,Kd则从2.02×10~(-11)增加到4.17×10~(-11)mol/L。提示PTH和RA可能通过调变其EGF受体而分别起到正性和负性生长调节作用。     

心肌d_1-肾上腺素受体激动对豚鼠心室乳头肌的影响

用α-受体激动剂新福林(5.0×10~(-6)mol/L)激动豚鼠心室乳头肌α-受体,观察乳头肌跨膜动作电位和收缩力的变化,并用α_1-受体阻断剂哌唑嗪(5.0×10~(-7)mol/L)和α_2-受体阻断剂育亨宾(5.0×10~(-7)mol/L)来判别何种α-受体亚型参与。实验中,β-受体阻断剂心得安(1.0×10~(-6)mol/L)始终存在。实验结果表明心肌α_1-受体激动使(1) 豚鼠心室乳头肌收缩力增强;(2) 收缩峰时间延长;舒张期不变;(3) 快反应动作电位时程延长;(4) 慢反应动作电位零相最大除极速率增加。提示,心肌α_1-受体激动的电生理和正性变力效应的离子机制可能是促进慢内向离子流,使Ca~(2 )内流增加。     

甾类雌激素叠氮化物与雌二醇17β-脱氢酶的激光亲和反应

以雌酮为原料,经过硝化、还原、重氮化及叠氮化钠处理,得到2-叠氮雌酮、4-叠氮雌酮、2-叠氮雌二醇和4-叠氮雌二醇。本文测定这四种叠氮衍生物作为雌二醇17β-脱氢酶底物的表观条件K_m依次为;1.75×10~(-4)mol/L、2.37×10~(-4)mol/L、1.39×10~(-4)mol/L、1.97×10~(-4)mol/L。在280nm波长激光照射下,它们均使雌二醇17β-脱氢酶失活,并遵循准一级动力学规律。如果这类亲和反应发生在雌激素依赖性肿瘤细胞内的雌激素酶或受体上,使酶或受体失去活性而不能发挥其正常的生理功能,可能会抑制肿瘤细胞的生长。用320nm波长激光照射时,四种化合物都没有使酶失活的作用。     

阿利克仑抑制血管紧张素原-肾素双转基因高血压小鼠心肌成纤维细胞增殖

本研究旨在观察阿利克仑(aliskiren)在血管紧张素原-肾素(AGT-REN)双转基因高血压(double transgenic hypertension,d TH)小鼠心肌成纤维细胞(cardiac fibroblasts,CFs)增殖中的作用。将培养的AGT-REN d TH小鼠CFs分为高血压组(d TH)和阿利克仑干预组;另培养同品系野生C57B6小鼠CFs作为对照(WT)。采用MTT法观察不同浓度阿利克仑(1×10~(-6)、1×10~(-7)、1×10~(-8)、1×10~(-9) mol/L)对d TH小鼠CFs增殖的影响;选取1×10~(-7) mol/L阿利克仑作用d TH小鼠CFs 24 h,羟脯氨酸试剂盒定量检测细胞胶原含量;Western blot法检测细胞I、III型胶原蛋白表达,观察细胞胶原合成变化;Western blot法检测α-SMA表达,观察细胞转化;DHE检测细胞内活性氧表达,Western blot法检测细胞内NADPH氧化酶蛋白表达,观察细胞内氧化应激反应的改变。结果显示,随年龄增长,AGT-REN d TH组小鼠血压及血浆Ang II水平均呈明显升高趋势,与WT组小鼠相比,CFs增殖明显。1×10~(-6)、1×10~(-7)、1×10~(-8) mol/L阿利克仑均能抑制AGT-REN d TH小鼠CFs增殖。1×10~(-7) mol/L阿利克仑使d TH小鼠CFs表达α-SMA减少,胶原合成及I、III型胶原蛋白表达下降,活性氧表达减少;同时,阿利克仑降低了d TH小鼠CFs内NADPH氧化酶NOX2及NOX4的蛋白表达。阿利克仑抑制AGT-REN d TH小鼠CFs增殖、表型转化及胶原合成,这一过程可能与其抑制细胞内氧化应激反应有关。     

青霉素和苯巴比妥钠对小鼠全脑切片积聚~3H-GABA的影响

本文应用同位素示踪、脑片离体培育和侧脑室注射的方法,在体外和体内研究了惊厥剂青霉素和抗惊厥剂苯巴比妥钠对小白鼠全脑切片积聚~3H-GABA的影响。结果表明:(1)在含6.70—13.40×10~(-4)mol/L的苄青霉素钾(PG)100μl或19.60—39.20×10~(-4)mol/L的苯巴比妥钠(PhB)50μl的培育液(2ml)中,小鼠全脑切片对~3H-GABA的积聚作用明显降低(P<0.05)。6.70×10~(-4)mol/L的PG100μl和39.20×10~(-4)mol/L的PhB50μl同时注入培育液(2ml)时,脑片对~3H-GABA的积聚比PG单独试验时稍有升高。(2 )小鼠侧脑室注射20μl的 3.35×10~(-2)mol/L的PG可引起强烈的惊厥,脑片上的~3H-GABA积聚减少(P>0.05);脑室内注射10μl的3.88×10~(-2)mol/L的PhB能抗惊厥,也使~3H-GABA在脑片上的积聚减少(P>0.05);脑室内同时注射PG和PhB,使~3H-GABA在脑片上的积聚恢复正常。以上结果提示:青霉素可通过竞争突触后膜和神经末梢上的GABA受体,阻断GA-BA的突触后抑制效应及抑制GABA释放,显示惊厥作用;苯巴比妥钠也可和突触后膜上的GABA受体结合,产生GABA样作用或激活GABA受体,起抗惊厥作用。     

人肝癌细胞表皮生长因子受体以及佛波酯对它的调变

利用放射受体结合测定证明了两株人体肝癌细胞株7402和7721细胞均有EGF受体的存在。受体数目分别为每细胞6.2×10~4和2.5×10~4,代表它们亲和力的解离常数K_D值分别为1.2 nmol/L和0.80 nmol/L。PMA处理对7721细胞的EGF受体及其亲和力均无明显影响;对7402细胞EGF受体却显示了调变作用。受体数目虽同样没有变化;但亲和力却随药物处理时间有一个下降、恢复的变化过程。在PMA处理1小时,EGF结合抑制达最大,此时受体的解离常数K_D值为3.0 nmol/L;在处理96小时,受体亲和力恢复并略有增高,此时K_D值为0.95 nmol/L。~3H-TdR参入实验表明,在PMA抑制7402细胞EGF受体亲和力的同时,细胞DNA的合成速率也相应下降。对于佛波酯等因子对EGF受体的调变作用,我们认为是属于生长因子启动细胞DNA合成进行细胞分裂的整个生物学过程中感受性因子对进行性因子的调节作用。     

异丙肾上腺素在C2C12细胞分化中的作用及机制

该研究主要探讨异丙肾上腺素(isoprenaline,ISO)在C2C12细胞分化与肌萎缩中的作用及可能的机制。在利用免疫组化分析C2C12细胞肾上腺素能受体表达特征的基础上,以2%的马血清高糖培养基建立C2C12细胞分化的实验体系,随后分别按单次或连续单次给予10~(–5) mol/L ISO后观察其分化差异;接着再比较连续单次给予不同浓度的ISO(10~(–8) mol/L、10~(–7) mol/L、10~(–6) mol/L、10~(–5) mol/L)处理;利用细胞免疫荧光化学和Western blot方法检测C2C12细胞分化后肌球蛋白重链(myosin heavy chain,MYH)的水平,并定量分析分化后骨骼肌细胞的肌管细胞核融合数目;同时,利用Western blot检测C2C12细胞分化调节有关的肌细胞生成蛋白(myogenin,Myo G)、p-p38MAPK(phosphorylated p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase)及p-AKT(phosphorylated/protein kinase B)的水平变化。结果显示,C2C12细胞呈现出α-肾上腺素和β-肾上腺素能受体表达的特征。分化培养诱导下,C2C12细胞随着时间的延长,分化成肌管的数量逐渐增多,在第8 d达峰值。单次一次给予10~(–5) mol/L ISO没有连续单次给予ISO抑制C2C12细胞分化成骨骼肌细胞显著,且连续单次给予ISO随着其浓度的增加,C2C12细胞分化为肌管细胞核融合数目逐渐减少并在ISO浓度为10~(–5) mol/L时最显著。与此同时,随着连续单次给予不同浓度(10~(–8) mol/L、10~(–7) mol/L、10~(–6) mol/L、10~(–5) mol/L)的ISO,MYH和Myo G的表达水平呈现随着浓度增加而逐渐降低的特征,而且p-p38MAPK及p-AKT的水平也呈连续单次给予ISO浓度增加而降低的趋势,在ISO浓度为10~(–5) mol/L时降低最显著。该研究提示,连续单次给予ISO显著抑制C2C12细胞分化为成熟骨骼肌细胞,且与p-p38MAPK、p-AKT及Myo G水平的降低密切相关,从而为交感神经长期过度兴奋所伴随的肌萎缩提供新的研究模型和治疗靶点。     

环磷酸腺苷促进泰和乌骨鸡皮肤黑色素细胞黑色素合成

该实验旨在研究环磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate,c AMP)作为α-黑色素细胞刺激素(α-melanocyte stimulating hormone,α-MSH)-黑素皮质素受体1(melanocortin 1 receptor,MC1R)通路的下游信号分子对泰和乌骨鸡皮肤黑色素细胞黑色素合成的影响。利用体外培养的泰和乌骨鸡皮肤黑色素细胞,观察不同浓度c AMP(0、1×10–5、1×10–4、1×10–3 mol/L)及其抑制剂、腺苷酸环化酶(adenylate cyclase,AC)抑制剂对乌骨鸡皮肤黑色素细胞酪氨酸酶(tyrosinase,TYR)活性和黑色素含量的影响。结果表明,与不添加c AMP的对照组相比,不同浓度的c AMP均极显著提高泰和乌骨鸡皮肤黑色素细胞TYR活性(P0.01),10–4 mol/L组提高的幅度最大。不同浓度的c AMP可不同程度地促进黑色素细胞黑色素的合成,1×10–5 mol/L和1×10–4 mol/L组黑色素含量分别显著(P0.05)和极显著(P0.01)高于不添加c AMP的对照组。c AMP抑制剂Rp-c AMPS预处理黑色素细胞显著抑制c AMP(1×10–4 mol/L)作用下酪氨酸酶活性(P0.01)和黑色素含量的升高(P0.05)。Rpc AMPS和AC抑制剂NKY80预处理黑色素细胞均显著抑制α-MSH(2.5μg/m L)引起的TYR活性、c AMP含量和黑色素含量的升高(P0.01或P0.05)。c AMP作为α-MSH-MC1R信号通路中的第二信使或下游信号分子在泰和乌骨鸡皮肤黑色素细胞黑色素的合成中发挥重要作用,其浓度的升高可提高泰和乌骨鸡皮肤黑色素细胞酪氨酸酶活性以及黑色素的合成。     

吗啡和血管紧张素Ⅱ对大鼠脑突触小体Ca~(2 )摄取的拮抗效应

行为实验已多次证明,脑室注射血管紧张素Ⅱ(AⅡ)可以对抗吗啡的镇痛作用,但机制不明。吗啡阻止神经末梢钙摄取被认为是其镇痛的机理之一,因此本工作研究了AⅡ和吗啡对大鼠脑突触小体~(45)Ca摄取的作用及相互关系。结果表明,吗啡(10~(-8)—10~(-6)mol/L)对~(45)Ca摄取有明显的抑制作用,10~(-7)mol/L时抑制41％(P<0.001),该效应可被吗啡受体阻断剂纳洛酮(10~(-6)mol/L)完全翻转。与吗啡的作用相反,AⅡ(10~(-8)—110~(-6)mol/L)可促进突触小体对~(45)Ca的摄取,10~(-7)mol/L时增加75％(P<0.001),该效应可被AⅡ受体阻断剂Saralasin(10~(-6)mol/L)完全翻转。将不同剂量的AⅡ(10~(-8)—10~(-6)mol/L)和10~(-8)mol/L吗啡与突触小体共同孵育,则吗啡抑制~(45)Ca摄取的作用被完全翻转。以上结果表明,AⅡ促进脑突触小体Ca~(2 )摄取,对抗了吗啡抑制Ca~(2 )摄取的作用,可能是AⅡ抗吗啡镇痛的机制之一。     

雌激素对兔子宫内膜细胞EGF受体和细胞周期的调控

 由受体放射配基结合分析证明家兔子宫内膜细胞的EGF受体Kd值为0.53nmol/L,每个细胞的最大结合容量为1.11×10~4结合位点。10~(-10)mol/L雌二醇处理24h,细胞的最大结合容量增至2.75×10~4结合位点数/细胞,而Kd值无明显变化,可是,当10~(-5)mol/L雌二醇处理24h,细胞的EGF受体结合率,DNA合成速度率均下降。G_0/G_1期细胞比值明显下降,而G_2+M期和S期细胞明显上升。     

Photoaffinity labeling of parathyroid hormone receptors in clonal rat osteosarcoma cells

A photoreactive derivative of a sulfur-free bovine parathyroid hormone (PTH) analogue, [Nle8,N-epsilon-(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)Lys13,Nle18,Tyr34]bovine PTH-(1-34)-NH2 (NAP-NlePTH), was purified from the products of the reaction of [Nle8,Nle18,Tyr34]bovine PTH-(1-34)-NH2 (NlePTH) with 4-fluoro-3-nitro-phenylazide and was used to identify binding components of the PTH receptor in clonal rat osteosarcoma cells (ROS 17/2.8). The purified analogue, NAP-NlePTH, is a fully active agonist in three different ROS 17/2.8 cell bioassays: 1) specific binding to saturable PTH receptors; 2) stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation; and 3) inhibition of cellular alkaline phosphatase activity; this analogue gave dose response curves parallel to and 25-33% as potent as its parent molecule, NlePTH. Radioiodinated NAP-NlePTH (125I-labeled NAP-NlePTH) retained maximal receptor-binding potency. Radioligand saturation studies in intact cells showed that the Kd of PTH receptors for the photoligand was slightly less than that for 125I-labeled NlePTH (2.8 and 0.8 nM, respectively), but that the Bmax was essentially identical for both radioligands (8 fmol/10(5) cells). Photoaffinity labeling of ROS 17/2.8 cells revealed several 125I-labeled macromolecular components by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. One predominant 125I-labeled band, having an apparent Mr of 80,000 daltons (including Mr = 4,347 ligand; hereafter referred to as the Mr = 80,000 protein), was consistently demonstrated in both reducing and nonreducing conditions. Its labeling was completely inhibited by coincubation with NlePTH (10 nM) at 26-fold molar excess to the photoligand, but not by biologically inactive PTH fragments or unrelated hormone. Labeling of several other macromolecular components persisted in the presence of NlePTH (1 microM). Only the labeling of the Mr = 80,000 protein showed saturation kinetics for photoaffinity labeling; the dose of 125I-labeled NAP-NlePTH (0.8 nM) to half-saturate labeling of the Mr = 80,000 protein was close to the Kd (2.8 nM) of specific binding of the photoligand to receptors in intact ROS 17/2.8 cells. Pretreatment of the cells with NlePTH and dexamethasone led to the predicted proportional decrease or increase, respectively, in labeling of the Mr = 80,000 protein. Our data, using a highly purified photoactive derivative of PTH, having carefully defined chemical and biological properties, show a plasma membrane component of Mr = 80,000 in ROS 17/2.8 cells that possesses the affinity, binding capacity, and physiological characteristics of the PTH receptor.     

The parathyroid hormone-like peptide associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy and parathyroid hormone bind to the same receptor on the plasma membrane of ROS 17/2.8 cells

[Tyr36]human adenylate cyclase stimulating peptide (1-36)-NH2, an amino-terminal analog of a tumor peptide which is associated with hypercalcemia of malignancy, and [Nle8, Nle18, Tyr34]bovine parathyroid hormone (PTH)-(1-34)-NH2 both bind with similar affinities to receptors on rat osteosarcoma cells, ROS 17/2.8, when either of the peptides is used as the radioligand. Pretreatment of the cells with either peptide down-regulates available binding sites for either radioligand and desensitizes the cAMP accumulation stimulated by either peptide. Prior exposure of the cells to dexamethasone increases these responses to both peptides. Photoderivatized radioiodinated [Tyr36]human adenylate cyclase-stimulating peptide (1-36)-NH2 and [Nle8, Nle18, Tyr34]bovine PTH-(1-34)-NH2 both specifically label a Mr = 80,000 membrane protein on ROS 17/2.8 cells. The intensity of labeling this receptor band by either photoprobe is reduced by co-incubation with either peptide over the same dose range. Equivalent dose-dependent down-regulation of receptors which bind both photoprobes is also found when ROS 17/2.8 cells are preincubated with either peptide. Dexamethasone increases the intensity of receptor labeling. Our findings strongly indicate that both peptides recognize the same plasma membrane receptor on ROS 17/2.8 cells. Although the physiological function(s) of human adenylate cyclase-stimulating peptide is unknown, these results could explain why its biological actions on mineral ion metabolism so closely simulate those of PTH and raise interesting questions about the general biological and evolutionary significance of the use of the same receptor by chemically distinct peptides.     

Interaction of human parathyroid hormone-related peptide with parathyroid hormone receptors in clonal rat osteosarcoma cells

Synthetic peptides corresponding to the amino-terminal region of the human parathyroid hormone-related peptide (hPTHrp) were used to characterize the interaction of hPTHrp with parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptors in clonal rat osteosarcoma cells (ROS 17/2.8). Both hPTHrp-(1-34) and [Tyr40]hPTHrp-(1-40) showed full agonist activity in stimulating cyclic AMP accumulation in ROS cells; human PTHrp-(1-34) was approximately 2.5-fold as potent as hPTH-(1-34). Both [Tyr-40]hPTHrp-(3-40) and hPTH-(3-34) inhibited the cyclic AMP increase induced by either hPTHrp or PTH with parallel dose-inhibition curves. Binding to intact ROS cells of a 125I-labeled [Tyr40]hPTHrp-(1-40) (125I-[Tyr40]hPTHrp-(1-40)) which retains full biological activity was time- and temperature-dependent and reversible. Binding of 125I-[Tyr40]hPTHrp-(1-40) and 125I-labeled [Nle8, Nle18, Tyr34]bovine PTH-(1-34)NH2 to ROS cells was competed for, to the same extent and with the comparable potency, by either unlabeled hPTHrp or PTH peptides. The binding capacity and affinity of receptors in ROS cells were strikingly similar for hPTHrp and PTH. Affinity cross-linking with either radioligand resulted in high affinity, specific labeling of an apparently identical macromolecule centering at Mr = 80,000, which was detected in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in both reducing and nonreducing conditions. The data indicate that hPTHrp and PTH, their amino-terminal fragments at least, interact with the identical receptors with regard to affinity, capacity, specificity, and physicochemical characteristics in osteoblastic ROS 17/2.8 cells.     

Mutational analysis of the receptor-activating region of human parathyroid hormone.

The first 4 residues of parathyroid hormone (PTH) are highly conserved in evolution and are important for biological activity. We randomly mutated codons 1-4 of human PTH (hPTH) with degenerate oligonucleotides and, after expression in COS cells, screened the mutants for receptor binding and cAMP-stimulating activity using ROS 17/2.8 cells. This survey identified Glu4 and Val2 as important determinants of receptor binding and activation, respectively. Positions 1 and 3 were more tolerant of substitutions indicating that these sites are less vital to hormone function. Activities of synthetic hPTH(1-34) analogs further demonstrated the importance of positions 2 and 4. The binding affinity of [Ala4,Tyr34] hPTH(1-34)NH2 was 100-fold reduced relative to [Tyr34]hPTH(1-34)NH2 (Kd values = 653 +/- 270 and 4 +/- 1 nM, respectively), and [Arg2, Tyr34]hPTH(1-34)NH2 was a weak partial agonist which bound well to the ROS cell receptor (Kd = 31 +/- 10 nM). The Arg2 analog was nearly as potent as PTH(3-34) as an in vitro PTH antagonist in osteoblast derived cells. However, unlike PTH(3-34), [Arg2]PTH was a full agonist in opossum kidney (OK) cells. These observations suggest that the activation domains of the OK and ROS cell PTH receptors are different. Thus, amino-terminal PTH analogs may be useful as probes for distinguishing properties of PTH receptors.     

苦瓜素类似物的分离纯化及其性质研究

本文采用硫酸铵分级沉淀、亲和层析、凝胶过滤等方法,从苦瓜(Momordicacharantia)种仁分得苦瓜素Ⅰ、Ⅱ。它们在SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和等电聚焦电泳上均呈现单一区带,其分子量分别为26 000和28 000,等电点8.3,含糖量1.6％和2.0％。苦瓜素Ⅰ对小鼠腹腔给药LD_(50)值为2.54mg/kg,苦瓜素Ⅱ的致死剂量范围是9-14mg/kg。它们对无细胞体系蛋白合成都有强烈的抑制活性,其IC_(50)均小于0.1ng/mL。我们将苦瓜素Ⅰ、Ⅱ与文献报道的苦瓜抑制剂(Momordica chanantiainhibitor,MCI)和α、β-momorcharin进行了比较,发现它们分别与MCI和α-momorcharin相似。由于苦瓜素Ⅱ的毒性较低,更适合于制备免疫毒素。     

Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 inhibit parathyroid hormone-responsive adenylate cyclase in clonal osteoblast-like cells by down-regulating parathyroid hormone receptors.

The effects of the monokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) and interleukin 1 (IL 1) on parathyroid hormone (PTH)-responsive adenylate cyclase were examined in clonal rat osteosarcoma cells (UMR-106) with the osteoblast phenotype. Recombinant TNF and IL 1 incubated with UMR-106 cells for 48 hr each produced concentration-dependent inhibition of PTH-sensitive adenylate cyclase, with maximal inhibition of PTH response (40% for TNF, 24% for IL 1) occurring at 10(-8) M of either monokine. Both monokines also decreased adenylate cyclase stimulation by the tumor-derived PTH-related protein (PTHrP). In contrast, TNF and IL 1 had little or no inhibitory effect on receptor-mediated stimulation of adenylate cyclase by isoproterenol and nonreceptor-mediated enzyme activation by cholera toxin and forskolin; both monokines increased prostaglandin E2 stimulation of adenylate cyclase. Binding of the radioiodinated agonist mono-[125I]-[Nle8,18, Tyr34]bPTH-(1-34)NH2 to UMR-106 cells in the presence of increasing concentrations of unlabeled [Nle8,18, Tyr34]bPTH-(1-34)NH2 revealed a decline in PTH receptor density (Bmax) without change in receptor binding affinity (dissociation constant, Kd) after treatment with TNF or IL 1. Pertussis toxin increased PTH-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity but did not attenuate monokine-induced inhibition of PTH response. In time course studies, brief (1 hr) exposure of cells to TNF or IL 1 during early culture was sufficient to decrease PTH response but only after exposed cells were subsequently allowed to grow for prolonged periods. Inhibition of PTH response by monokines was blocked by cycloheximide. The results indicate that TNF and IL 1 impair responsiveness to PTH (and PTHrP) by a time- and protein synthesis-dependent down-regulation of PTH receptors linked to adenylate cyclase.     

Differential effects of parathyroid hormone and its analogues on cytosolic calcium ion and cAMP levels in cultured rat osteoblast-like cells

While the stimulatory effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on osteoblast-like cell adenylate cyclase is well known, the effect of PTH on cytosolic calcium ion ([Ca2+]i) mobilization is controversial, one group finding no effect but others reporting various increases. We investigated the effects on [Ca2+]i of synthetic rat PTH fragment 1-34 (rPTH(1-34)) and two bovine PTH analogues that inhibit PTH's stimulation of adenylate cyclase (bovine 8,18Nle, 34Tyr-PTH(3-34) and 34Tyr-PTH(7-34]. [Ca2+]i was measured before, during, and after exposure to PTH analogues in perifused, attached osteoblast-like rat osteosarcoma cells (ROS 17/2.8) that had been scrape-loaded with the luminescent photoprotein aequorin. Resting [Ca2+]i was 0.094 +/- 0.056 microM (mean +/- S.D., n = 103) and rose in a time- and dose-specific way after exposure to rPTH(1-34). At 10(-10) M rPTH(1-34), [Ca2+]i rose 100% within 30 s to a plateau; higher concentrations of PTH yielded increasing initial peaks of [Ca2+]i followed by lower plateaus. At 10(-6) M, the initial peak was 5-fold basal, or 0.64 +/- 0.07 microM. Both analogues of PTH were at least partial agonists for [Ca2+]i mobilization and did not reduce peak [Ca2+]i when co-perifused with rPTH(1-34). However, the analogues did reduce significantly rPTH(1-34)-induced cAMP accumulation and did not increase cAMP accumulation by themselves. Thus, rPTH(1-34) strongly mobilizes [Ca2+]i in ROS 17/2.8 cells, at near-physiologic concentrations. Failure of the PTH analogues to block the effect of PTH on [Ca2+]i while inhibiting the effect on cAMP accumulation suggests separate pathways for PTH activation of adenylate cyclase and mobilization of calcium.     

Parathyroid hormone receptors are plasma membrane glycoproteins with asparagine-linked oligosaccharides

In the preceding article, we described physicochemical and kinetic properties of parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptors in clonal rat osteosarcoma cells (ROS 17/2.8) using photoaffinity ligand labeling and showed that the physiologically relevant receptor-ligand complex has an apparent Mr = 80,000. In this study, the photoaffinity labeled Mr = 80,000 receptor was localized exclusively on the cell surface plasma membrane and its glycoprotein nature was demonstrated through the use of lectin affinity-chromatography and specific exo- and endoglycosidases. Rinsing ROS cells, preincubated in the dark with 125I-labeled [Nle8, N-epsilon-(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)Lys13,Nle18,Tyr34]bovine PTH-(1-34)-NH2 (NAP-NlePTH) (4 h, 15 degrees C, equilibrium conditions) with acidic phosphate-buffered saline (pH 2.5, 30 s, 4 degrees C) before photolysis resulted in selective and nearly total disappearance of the labeled Mr = 80,000 receptor. PTH receptor integrity to acid rinsing and photolysis was shown by relabeling the Mr = 80,000 receptor after a second incubation of these cells with 125I-labeled NAP-NlePTH, followed by photolysis. Adsorption of Triton X-100-solubilized, 125I-labeled NAP-NlePTH receptors to wheat germ agglutinin-agarose is nearly complete and highly selective, and elution with N-acetylglucosamine resulted in virtually total recovery of the labeled receptors from the column. The wheat germ agglutinin-retarded PTH receptors show increased electrophoretic mobility upon treatment with neuraminidase which was inhibited by simultaneous addition of 2,3-dehydro-3-desoxy-N-acetylneuraminic acid, a specific neuraminidase inhibitor. Endoglycosidase F treatment of the Mr = 80,000 receptors generated a single, labeled polypeptide with a Mr = 59,000 which migrated as a narrow band. PTH receptors on ROS 17/2.8 cells appear to be monomeric plasma membrane glycoproteins with an apparent Mr of 80,000 which contain a Mr = 59,000 polypeptide backbone and a polymeric arrangement of N-acetylglucosamine with N-acetylneuraminic acid as major terminal sugar residues.